Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC2HS3G)

• Drug Combination Name: Acamprosate + Loperamide
• Indication: Chronic myelogenous leukemia; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Acamprosate (DMO381I): Small molecular drug
  Loperamide (DMOJZQ9): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: KBM-7
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 26.28
  Bliss Independence Score: 26.28
  Loewe Additivity Score: 37.84
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 37.84

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Acamprosate

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Alcohol dependence	6C40.2	Approved	[2]

Acamprosate Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Glutamate receptor AMPA (GRIA)	TTAN6JD	NOUNIPROTAC	Agonist	[6]

Indication(s) of Loperamide

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Diarrhea	ME05.1	Approved	[3]
Traveler's diarrhea	ME05.1	Approved	[4]
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)	1D64	Preclinical	[5]
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)	1D65	Preclinical	[5]

Loperamide Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Opioid receptor delta (OPRD1)	TT27RFC	OPRD_HUMAN	Binder	[7]

Loperamide Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]

Loperamide Interacts with 5 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[9]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[10]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)	DES5XRU	CP2C8_HUMAN	Metabolism	[10]
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6)	DEPKLMQ	CP2B6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[10]
Oxygen-insensitive NADPH nitroreductase A (nfsA)	DEDPI65	NFSA_ECOLI	Metabolism	[11]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7106).
• [3] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [4] Loperamide FDA Label
• [5] Screening of an FDA-approved Compound Library Identifies Four Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replication in Cell Culture Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014 Aug;58(8):4875-84.
• [6] Predicting the effect of naltrexone and acamprosate in alcohol-dependent patients using genetic indicators. Addict Biol. 2009 Jul;14(3):328-37.
• [7] Loperamide: evidence of interaction with mu and delta opioid receptors. Life Sci. 1983;33 Suppl 1:315-8.
• [8] In vitro P-glycoprotein assays to predict the in vivo interactions of P-glycoprotein with drugs in the central nervous system. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Feb;36(2):268-75.
• [9] Loperamide: a pharmacological review. Rev Gastroenterol Disord. 2007;7 Suppl 3:S11-8.
• [10] Identification of cytochrome P450 isoforms involved in the metabolism of loperamide in human liver microsomes. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Oct;60(8):575-81.
• [11] Reduction of the prodrug loperamide oxide to its active drug loperamide in the gut of rats, dogs, and humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 1995 Mar;23(3):354-62.