Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DM42HXN)

• Drug Name: Atracurium
• Synonyms: Atracurium Dibesylate; Tracrium (TN); 2,2'-{pentane-1,5-diylbis[oxy(3-oxopropane-3,1-diyl)]}bis[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinium]; 5-[3-[1-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-2-ium-2-yl]propanoyloxy]pentyl 3-[1-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-2-ium-2-yl]propanoate

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[1]

• Therapeutic Class: Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents
• Drug Type: Small molecular drug
• #Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 4:
  Molecular Weight (mw); 929.1
  Topological Polar Surface Area (xlogp); 7.9
  Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds); 26
  Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor); 0
  Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc); 12
• ADMET Property:
  Clearance: The drug present in the plasma can be removed from the body at the rate of 5.7 mL/min/kg [2]
  Elimination: 8.5% of drug is excreted from urine in the unchanged form [3]
  Half-life: The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 0.31 hours [2]
  MRTD: The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 0.6457 micromolar/kg/day [4]
  Unbound Fraction: The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.52% [2]
  Vd: Fluid volume that would be required to contain the amount of drug present in the body at the same concentration as in the plasma 0.1 L/kg [2]
• Chemical Identifiers:
  Formula: C53H72N2O12+2
  IUPAC Name: 5-[3-[1-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-2-ium-2-yl]propanoyloxy]pentyl 3-[1-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-2-ium-2-yl]propanoate
  Canonical SMILES: C[N+]1(CCC2=CC(=C(C=C2C1CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC)OC)OC)OC)CCC(=O)OCCCCCOC(=O)CC[N+]4(CCC5=CC(=C(C=C5C4CC6=CC(=C(C=C6)OC)OC)OC)OC)C
  InChI: InChI=1S/C53H72N2O12/c1-54(22-18-38-32-48(62-7)50(64-9)34-40(38)42(54)28-36-14-16-44(58-3)46(30-36)60-5)24-20-52(56)66-26-12-11-13-27-67-53(57)21-25-55(2)23-19-39-33-49(63-8)51(65-10)35-41(39)43(55)29-37-15-17-45(59-4)47(31-37)61-6/h14-17,30-35,42-43H,11-13,18-29H2,1-10H3/q+2
  InChIKey: YXSLJKQTIDHPOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• Cross-matching ID:
  PubChem CID: 47319
  ChEBI ID: CHEBI:2914
  CAS Number: 64228-79-1
  DrugBank ID: DB13295
  TTD ID: D0Q1PR

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)	TTJSZTB	NOUNIPROTAC	Antagonist	[5], [6], [7]

References

• [1] A preliminary assessment of atracurium, a new competitive neuromuscular blocking agent. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1981 Feb;25(1):67-9.
• [2] Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
• [3] BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs
• [4] Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
• [5] Pharmacological characteristics of the inhibition of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents at human adult muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Anesthesiology. 2009 Jun;110(6):1244-52.
• [6] Neuromuscular block. Br J Pharmacol. 2006 Jan;147 Suppl 1:S277-86.
• [7] Blockade and activation of the human neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by atracurium and laudanosine. Anesthesiology. 2001 Apr;94(4):643-51.
• [8] Atypical antipsychotics as noncompetitive inhibitors of alpha4beta2 and alpha7 neuronal nicotinic receptors. Neuropharmacology. 2009 Aug;57(2):183-91.
• [9] Functional versus chemical diversity: is biodiversity important for drug discovery. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2002 May;23(5):225-31.
• [10] Mecamylamine (Inversine): an old antihypertensive with new research directions. J Hum Hypertens. 2002 Jul;16(7):453-7.
• [11] Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
• [12] The pipeline and future of drug development in schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2007 Oct;12(10):904-22.
• [13] EP patent application no. 2774991, Drug delivery system for use in the treatment or diagnosis of neurological disorders.
• [14] Effects of ASM-024, a modulator of acetylcholine receptor function, on airway responsiveness and allergen-induced responses in patients with mild asthma. Can Respir J. 2015 Jul-Aug;22(4):230-4.
• [15] Therapeutic advances in the treatment of nicotine addiction: present and future. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2010 May; 1(3): 95-106.
• [16] Novel drugs and therapeutic targets for severe mood disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2008 Aug;33(9):2080-92.