General Information of Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT) (ID: TTZOPHG)

DTT Name Insulin (INS)
Synonyms Insulin
Gene Name INS
DTT Type
Successful target
[1]
UniProt ID
INS_HUMAN
TTD ID
T82841
3D Structure
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2D Sequence (FASTA)
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3D Structure (PDB)
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Sequence
MALWMRLLPLLALLALWGPDPAAAFVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKTRREAED
LQVGQVELGGGPGAGSLQPLALEGSLQKRGIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN
Function
Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver.
KEGG Pathway
Ras signaling pathway (hsa04014 )
Rap1 signaling pathway (hsa04015 )
cGMP-PKG signaling pathway (hsa04022 )
HIF-1 signaling pathway (hsa04066 )
FoxO signaling pathway (hsa04068 )
Oocyte meiosis (hsa04114 )
Regulation of autophagy (hsa04140 )
mTOR signaling pathway (hsa04150 )
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (hsa04151 )
AMPK signaling pathway (hsa04152 )
Regulation of actin cytoskeleton (hsa04810 )
Insulin signaling pathway (hsa04910 )
Insulin secretion (hsa04911 )
Ovarian steroidogenesis (hsa04913 )
Progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation (hsa04914 )
Prolactin signaling pathway (hsa04917 )
Type II diabetes mellitus (hsa04930 )
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (hsa04932 )
Type I diabetes mellitus (hsa04940 )
Maturity onset diabetes of the young (hsa04950 )
Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption (hsa04960 )
Prostate cancer (hsa05215 )
Reactome Pathway
Insulin processing (R-HSA-264876 )
Regulation of insulin secretion (R-HSA-422356 )
IRS activation (R-HSA-74713 )
Signal attenuation (R-HSA-74749 )
Insulin receptor signalling cascade (R-HSA-74751 )
Insulin receptor recycling (R-HSA-77387 )
Regulation of gene expression in beta cells (R-HSA-210745 )
BioCyc Pathway
MetaCyc:MON-16190

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This DTT

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This DTT
9 Approved Drug(s) Targeting This DTT
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Insulin degludec DMPL395 Type-1/2 diabetes 5A10-5A11 Approved [2]
Insulin determir DM79NZ5 Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [1]
Insulin Susp Isophane Recombinant Human DMW8KI7 Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [3]
Insulin Susp Protamine Zinc Beef/Pork DM0NATE Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [3]
Insulin Zinc Susp Recombinant Human DM6MO9X Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [3]
Insulin-aspart DMX7V28 Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [3]
Insulin-detemir DMOA4VW Type-1/2 diabetes 5A10-5A11 Approved [3]
Insulin-glargine DMR4HIW Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [3]
Inulin DM1Y2JH Measure kidney function MG02 Approved [3]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 9 Approved Drug(s)
14 Clinical Trial Drug(s) Targeting This DTT
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
LY2605541 DM1BXMY Type-1/2 diabetes 5A10-5A11 Phase 3 [4]
LY2963016 DMEZ0H5 Type-1/2 diabetes 5A10-5A11 Phase 3 [5]
PC-DAC:Insulin DMJBHO0 Type-1 diabetes 5A10 Phase 3 [6]
SAR342434 DMR0EWV Diabetic complication 5A2Y Phase 3 [7]
U300 DMN72OM Type-2 diabetes 5A11 Phase 3 [8]
MER-3001 DMIVR9K Type-1 diabetes 5A10 Phase 2 [9]
NNC-0123-0000-0338 DMDTNOS Diabetic complication 5A2Y Phase 2 [10]
SAR-161271 DMPXOGD Type-1 diabetes 5A10 Phase 1/2 [11]
Adjustable basal insulin DMQVEZB Diabetic complication 5A2Y Phase 1 [12]
IBC-VS01 DMRE6UT Type-1 diabetes 5A10 Phase 1 [13]
NP-500 DMHARE7 Metabolic syndrome x 5C50-5D2Z Phase 1 [14]
OI287GT DMH0D5M Type-1/2 diabetes 5A10-5A11 Phase 1 [15]
OI362GT DMERDMV Type-1/2 diabetes 5A10-5A11 Phase 1 [16]
SBS-1000 DMXU2GS Diabetic complication 5A2Y Phase 1 [17]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 14 Clinical Trial Drug(s)
4 Discontinued Drug(s) Targeting This DTT
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
NBI-6024 DMTRMBL Type-1 diabetes 5A10 Discontinued in Phase 2 [18]
S-15261 DMLCYX8 Diabetic complication 5A2Y Discontinued in Phase 2 [19]
FT-105 DMDW64X Diabetic complication 5A2Y Discontinued in Phase 1 [20]
Oral insulin DMW68CE Type-1 diabetes 5A10 Terminated [21]
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1 Investigative Drug(s) Targeting This DTT
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Insulin molecules, Novo DMFU92Z Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [22]
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Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) of This DTT

Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This DTT
Disease Name ICD 11 Studied Tissue p-value Fold-Change Z-score
Type 2 diabetes 5A11 Liver tissue 6.70E-01 -0.12 -0.46
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References

1 2005 approvals: Safety first. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 5, 92-93 (February 2006).
2 Radium 223 dichloride for prostate cancer treatment. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017 Sep 6;11:2643-2651.
3 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
4 LY2605541--a preferential hepato-specific insulin analogue. Diabetes. 2014 Feb;63(2):390-2.
5 Efficacy and safety of LY2963016 insulin glargine compared with insulin glargine (Lantus ) in patients with type 1 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial: the ELEMENT 1 study. Diabetes Obes Metab.2015 Aug;17(8):726-33.
6 Development and Testing of Solid Dose Formulations Containing Polysialic Acid Insulin Conjugate: Next Generation of Long-Acting Insulin. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2010 May; 4(3): 532-539.
7 Biosimilar insulins: a European perspective. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2015 May; 17(5): 445-451.
8 U300, a novel long-acting insulin formulation. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2014 Dec;14(12):1849-60.
9 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of Mercia Pharma Inc.
10 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01334034) Safety of NNC 0123-0000-0338 in Healthy Subjects. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
11 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of sanofi-aventis.
12 The future of basal insulin supplementation. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2011 Jun;13 Suppl 1:S103-8.
13 Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus using a Novel Vaccine. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2011 February; 2(1): 9-16.
14 Napo Receives Commitments for a Private Placement of Common Shares and Enters into Binding Letter of Intent for Intellectual Property License. Napo. JANUARY 08, 2007
15 Company report (Novonordisk)
16 Novo Nordisk increased operating profit in local currencies by 15% in the first quarter of 2014
17 Synergistic antihyperglycemic effects between plant-derived oleanolic acid and insulin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Ren Fail. 2010;32(7):832-9.
18 No effect of the altered peptide ligand NBI-6024 on beta-cell residual function and insulin needs in new-onset type 1 diabetes.Diabetes Care.2009 Nov;32(11):2036-40.
19 Beneficial insulin-sensitizing and vascular effects of S15261 in the insulin-resistant JCR:LA-cp rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Nov;295(2):753-60.
20 Degludec insulin: A novel basal insulin. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2011 July; 15(Suppl1): S12-S16.
21 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01120912) Safety and Efficacy of Single Administration of Oshadi Oral Insulin in Type I Diabetes Patients. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
22 Long-term comparison of human insulin analogue B10Asp and soluble human insulin in IDDM patients on a basal/bolus insulin regimen. Diabetologia. 1995 May;38(5):592-8.