Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC5RAPR)

• Drug Combination Name: Eptifibatide + Methylene blue
• Indication: Chronic myelogenous leukemia; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Eptifibatide (DMQXTJS): Small molecular drug
  Methylene blue (DMJAPE7): N.A.
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: KBM-7
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 0.16
  Bliss Independence Score: 0.16
  Loewe Additivity Score: 1
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 1

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Eptifibatide

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Acute cardiac ischemic events	BA40.Z	Approved	[2]
Acute coronary syndrome	BA41	Approved	[3]
Pneumonia	CA40	Approved	[3]

Eptifibatide Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor (GPIIb/IIIa)	TT38RM1	ITA2B_HUMAN; ITB3_HUMAN	Modulator	[6]

Eptifibatide Interacts with 6 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Prothrombin (F2)	OTNFSM49	THRB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[7]
C-reactive protein (CRP)	OT0RFT8F	CRP_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[7]
Interleukin-6 (IL6)	OTUOSCCU	IL6_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[7]
CD40 ligand (CD40LG)	OT75Z6A6	CD40L_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
Integrin alpha-IIb (ITGA2B)	OT4Y17PY	ITA2B_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[8]
Integrin beta-3 (ITGB3)	OTWCK1K6	ITB3_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[8]

Indication(s) of Methylene blue

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Acquired methemoglobinemia	3A93	Approved	[4]
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)	1D6Y	Phase 2	[5]

Methylene blue Interacts with 2 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Monoamine oxidase (MAO)	TT32XQJ	NOUNIPROTAC	.	[9]
Guanylate cyclase (GC)	TT6HPVC	NOUNIPROTAC	Inhibitor	[10]

Methylene blue Interacts with 7 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Amine oxidase B (MAOB)	OTTDFM1O	AOFB_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[11]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53)	OTIE1VH3	P53_HUMAN	Affects Activity	[12]
Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT)	OTMTP2Z7	TAU_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[13]
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase (G6PD)	OT300SMK	G6PD_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[14]
Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE)	OT2H8HG6	ACES_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[15]
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating (PGD)	OTVG296F	6PGD_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[14]
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)	OT4IE164	TNFA_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[8]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6585).
• [3] Eptifibatide FDA Label
• [4] Recombinant Plasmodium falciparum glutathione reductase is inhibited by the antimalarial dye methylene blue. FEBS Lett. 1998 Feb 6;422(3):311-4.
• [5] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04370288) Clinical Application of Methylene Blue for Treatment of Covid-19 Patients. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [6] Barbourin. A GPIIb-IIIa-specific integrin antagonist from the venom of Sistrurus m. barbouri. J Biol Chem. 1991 May 25;266(15):9359-62.
• [7] Eptifibatide in peripheral vascular interventions: results of the Integrilin Reduces Inflammation in Peripheral Vascular Interventions (INFLAME) trial. J Invasive Cardiol. 2006 Jan;18(1):6-12.
• [8] ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
• [9] Photoluminescence of CdTe nanocrystals modulated by methylene blue and DNA. A label-free luminescent signaling nanohybrid platform. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2009 Jul 7;11(25):5062-9.
• [10] Curcumin ameliorates high glucose-induced acute vascular endothelial dysfunction in rat thoracic aorta. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2009 Dec;36(12):1177-82.
• [11] Inhibition of the bioactivation of the neurotoxin MPTP by antioxidants, redox agents and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Aug;49(8):1773-81.
• [12] Identification of environmental chemicals that activate p53 signaling after in vitro metabolic activation. Arch Toxicol. 2022 Jul;96(7):1975-1987. doi: 10.1007/s00204-022-03291-5. Epub 2022 Apr 18.
• [13] Pharmacologic reductions of total tau levels; implications for the role of microtubule dynamics in regulating tau expression. Mol Neurodegener. 2006 Jul 26;1:6. doi: 10.1186/1750-1326-1-6.
• [14] Defenses against oxidation in human erythrocytes: role of glutathione reductase in the activation of glucose decarboxylation by hemolytic drugs. J Lab Clin Med. 1991 Apr;117(4):325-31.
• [15] Profiling the Tox21 Chemical Collection for Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition. Environ Health Perspect. 2021 Apr;129(4):47008. doi: 10.1289/EHP6993. Epub 2021 Apr 12.