Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC6N1D6)

Drug Combination Name

KN-62 Methylene blue

Indication

Disease Entry	Status	REF
Hepatoblastoma	Investigative	[1]

Component Drugs

KN-62 DMLZ89P

Methylene blue DMJAPE7

Small molecular drug

N.A.

2D MOL

3D MOL is unavailable

3D MOL

High-throughput Screening Result

Testing Cell Line: HB3

Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 22.679

Bliss Independence Score: 20.963

Loewe Additivity Score: 14.114

LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 22.477

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)

Indication(s) of KN-62

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Discovery agent	N.A.	Investigative	[2]

KN-62 Interacts with 13 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
LCK tyrosine protein kinase (LCK)	TT860QF	LCK_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[5]
Protein kinase C alpha (PRKCA)	TTFJ8Q1	KPCA_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[5]
Stress-activated protein kinase JNK1 (JNK1)	TT0K6EO	MK08_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[5]
Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1)	TTZN7RP	ROCK1_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[5]
Stress-activated protein kinase 2b (p38 beta)	TT73U6C	MK11_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[5]
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2)	TT4TQBX	MK01_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[5]
Checkpoint kinase-1 (CHK1)	TTTU902	CHK1_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[5]
P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2RX7)	TT473XN	P2RX7_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[6]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1 (SGK1)	TTTV8EJ	SGK1_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[5]
Stress-activated protein kinase 2a (p38 alpha)	TTQBR95	MK14_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[5]
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1)	TTWTSCV	AKT1_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[5]
MAP kinase p38 (MAPK12)	TTYT93M	MK12_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[5]
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1)	TTG0U4H	KS6B1_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[5]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 13 DTT(s)

KN-62 Interacts with 4 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2)	OT460SBO	MAPK2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[5]
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3B)	OTL3L14B	GSK3B_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[5]
MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 5 (MAPKAPK5)	OTAZHPVK	MAPK5_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[5]
Integrin alpha-M (ITGAM)	OTAG6HWU	ITAM_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[7]
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Indication(s) of Methylene blue

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Acquired methemoglobinemia	3A93	Approved	[3]
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)	1D6Y	Phase 2	[4]

Methylene blue Interacts with 2 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Monoamine oxidase (MAO)	TT32XQJ	NOUNIPROTAC	.	[8]
Guanylate cyclase (GC)	TT6HPVC	NOUNIPROTAC	Inhibitor	[9]
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Methylene blue Interacts with 7 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Amine oxidase B (MAOB)	OTTDFM1O	AOFB_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[10]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53)	OTIE1VH3	P53_HUMAN	Affects Activity	[11]
Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT)	OTMTP2Z7	TAU_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[12]
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase (G6PD)	OT300SMK	G6PD_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[13]
Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE)	OT2H8HG6	ACES_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[14]
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating (PGD)	OTVG296F	6PGD_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[13]
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)	OT4IE164	TNFA_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[15]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 7 DOT(s)

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
DD2	DCJR6WL	DD2	Investigative	[16]
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References

1	Loss of function mutations in VARS encoding cytoplasmic valyl-tRNA synthetase cause microcephaly, seizures, and progressive cerebral atrophy.Hum Genet. 2018 Apr;137(4):293-303. doi: 10.1007/s00439-018-1882-3. Epub 2018 Apr 24.
2	URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6001).
3	Recombinant Plasmodium falciparum glutathione reductase is inhibited by the antimalarial dye methylene blue. FEBS Lett. 1998 Feb 6;422(3):311-4.
4	ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04370288) Clinical Application of Methylene Blue for Treatment of Covid-19 Patients. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
5	Specificity and mechanism of action of some commonly used protein kinase inhibitors. Biochem J. 2000 Oct 1;351(Pt 1):95-105.
6	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of pyrazolodiazepine derivatives as human P2X7 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Nov 1;19(21):6053-8.
7	CaMKII regulates retinoic acid receptor transcriptional activity and the differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells. J Clin Invest. 2007 May;117(5):1412-21. doi: 10.1172/JCI30779. Epub 2007 Apr 12.
8	Photoluminescence of CdTe nanocrystals modulated by methylene blue and DNA. A label-free luminescent signaling nanohybrid platform. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2009 Jul 7;11(25):5062-9.
9	Curcumin ameliorates high glucose-induced acute vascular endothelial dysfunction in rat thoracic aorta. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2009 Dec;36(12):1177-82.
10	Inhibition of the bioactivation of the neurotoxin MPTP by antioxidants, redox agents and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Aug;49(8):1773-81.
11	Identification of environmental chemicals that activate p53 signaling after in vitro metabolic activation. Arch Toxicol. 2022 Jul;96(7):1975-1987. doi: 10.1007/s00204-022-03291-5. Epub 2022 Apr 18.
12	Pharmacologic reductions of total tau levels; implications for the role of microtubule dynamics in regulating tau expression. Mol Neurodegener. 2006 Jul 26;1:6. doi: 10.1186/1750-1326-1-6.
13	Defenses against oxidation in human erythrocytes: role of glutathione reductase in the activation of glucose decarboxylation by hemolytic drugs. J Lab Clin Med. 1991 Apr;117(4):325-31.
14	Profiling the Tox21 Chemical Collection for Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition. Environ Health Perspect. 2021 Apr;129(4):47008. doi: 10.1289/EHP6993. Epub 2021 Apr 12.
15	ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
16	Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.