Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC6WLZ2)

• Drug Combination Name: Brilinta + Clopidogrel
• Indication: Coronary Artery Disease; Status: Phase 3 [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Brilinta (DMBR01X): Small molecular drug
  Clopidogrel (DMOL54H): Small molecular drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Brilinta

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Acute coronary syndrome	BA41	Approved	[2]
Thrombosis	DB61-GB90	Approved	[3]
Arterial thrombosis	DB61-DD30	Phase 3	[4]
Myocardial infarction	BA41-BA43	Phase 3	[4]
Peripheral vascular disease	BD4Z	Investigative	[5]

Brilinta Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P2Y purinoceptor 12 (P2RY12)	TTZ1DT0	P2Y12_HUMAN	Antagonist	[10]

Brilinta Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[11]

Brilinta Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[12]

Brilinta Interacts with 4 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
CD9 antigen (CD9)	OT2184XU	CD9_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[13]
Aryl-hydrocarbon-interacting protein-like 1 (AIPL1)	OT4VBD78	AIPL1_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[14]
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1A (ARPC1A)	OTAEEXGQ	ARC1A_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[9]
Putative protein CASTOR3P (GATS)	OTDYE3XK	CAST3_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[9]

Indication(s) of Clopidogrel

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Acute coronary syndrome	BA41	Approved	[6]
Atherosclerosis	BD40	Approved	[6]
Myocardial infarction	BA41-BA43	Approved	[6]
Thrombosis	DB61-GB90	Approved	[7]
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)	1D6Y	Phase 2	[8]
Intracranial embolism	8B22.1	Investigative	[6]

Clopidogrel Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P2Y purinoceptor 12 (P2RY12)	TTZ1DT0	P2Y12_HUMAN	Antagonist	[15]

Clopidogrel Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[16]

Clopidogrel Interacts with 6 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[17]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DEJGDUW	CP1A2_HUMAN	Metabolism	[18]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)	DEIBDNY	CP3A5_HUMAN	Metabolism	[19]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Metabolism	[19]
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6)	DEPKLMQ	CP2B6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[20]
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19)	DEGTFWK	CP2CJ_HUMAN	Metabolism	[21]

Clopidogrel Interacts with 11 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1)	OTEJROBO	MDR1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19)	OTFMJYYE	CP2CJ_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[22]
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)	OTB1073G	SCD_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[23]
C-C motif chemokine 4 (CCL4)	OT6B8P25	CCL4_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[24]
C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5)	OTSCA5CK	CCL5_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[24]
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic (PCK1)	OTNWEJ5Y	PCKGC_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[23]
Glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 (G6PC1)	OTJ6FM9F	G6PC1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[23]
Tight junction protein ZO-1 (TJP1)	OTBDCUPK	ZO1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[25]
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3 (NR1I3)	OTS3SGH7	NR1I3_HUMAN	Affects Localization	[23]
Occludin (OCLN)	OTSUTVWL	OCLN_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[25]
Thyroid hormone-inducible hepatic protein (THRSP)	OTKYE01L	THRSP_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[23]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Coronary Artery Disease	DCKADAS	N. A.	Phase 1	[26]

References

• [1] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01805596) Effect of Ticagrelor on Endothelial Function
• [2] Ticagrelor-Induced Syncope/Bradyarrhythmia. Cureus. 2021 Jan 23;13(1):e12874.
• [3] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 1765).
• [4] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01732822) A Study Comparing Cardiovascular Effects of Ticagrelor and Clopidogrel in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [5] Antithrombotic Therapy for Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Drugs. 2022 Aug;82(12):1287-1302.
• [6] Clopidogrel FDA Label
• [7] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7150).
• [8] Preventing Cardiac Complication of COVID-19 Disease With Early Acute Coronary Syndrome Therapy: A Randomised Controlled Trial. (C-19-ACS)
• [9] Effect of genetic variations on ticagrelor plasma levels and clinical outcomes. Eur Heart J. 2015 Aug 1;36(29):1901-12.
• [10] Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of AstraZeneca (2009).
• [11] KEGG: new perspectives on genomes, pathways, diseases and drugs. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jan 4;45(D1):D353-D361. (dg:DG01665)
• [12] Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of ticagrelor in healthy subjects. Drug Metab Dispos. 2010 Sep;38(9):1514-21.
• [13] Genome-wide association study identifies ephrin type A receptors implicated in paclitaxel induced peripheral sensory neuropathy. J Med Genet. 2013 Sep;50(9):599-605. doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-101466. Epub 2013 Jun 17.
• [14] Pharmacoethnicity in Paclitaxel-Induced Sensory Peripheral Neuropathy. Clin Cancer Res. 2015 Oct 1;21(19):4337-46. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-0133. Epub 2015 May 26.
• [15] P2Y12, a new platelet ADP receptor, target of clopidogrel. Semin Vasc Med. 2003 May;3(2):113-22.
• [16] Impact of P-glycoprotein on clopidogrel absorption. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Nov;80(5):486-501.
• [17] Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675.
• [18] Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of clopidogrel. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2015 Feb;54(2):147-66.
• [19] Cytochrome P450 3A inhibition by ketoconazole affects prasugrel and clopidogrel pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics differently. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007 May;81(5):735-41.
• [20] Clopidogrel pathway. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2010 Jul;20(7):463-5.
• [21] Impact of the CYP2C19 gene polymorphism on clopidogrel personalized drug regimen and the clinical outcomes. Clin Lab. 2016 Sep 1;62(9):1773-1780.
• [22] Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines for CYP2C19 genotype and clopidogrel therapy: 2013 update. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Sep;94(3):317-23. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2013.105. Epub 2013 May 22.
• [23] Identification of novel agonists by high-throughput screening and molecular modelling of human constitutive androstane receptor isoform 3. Arch Toxicol. 2019 Aug;93(8):2247-2264. doi: 10.1007/s00204-019-02495-6. Epub 2019 Jul 16.
• [24] Clopidogrel increases expression of chemokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with coronary artery disease: results of a double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Thromb Haemost. 2006 Oct;4(10):2140-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.02131.x. Epub 2006 Jul 17.
• [25] Attenuated expression of the tight junction proteins is involved in clopidogrel-induced gastric injury through p38 MAPK activation. Toxicology. 2013 Feb 8;304:41-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.11.020. Epub 2012 Dec 7.
• [26] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01742117) Tailored Antiplatelet Therapy Following PCI