Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC7WL3L)

• Drug Combination Name: Trifluoperazine + Efavirenz
• Indication: Chronic myelogenous leukemia; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Trifluoperazine (DMKBYWI): Small molecular drug
  Efavirenz (DMC0GSJ): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: KBM-7
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 7.39
  Bliss Independence Score: 7.39
  Loewe Additivity Score: 22.5
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 22.51

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Trifluoperazine

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Anxiety	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Schizophrenia	6A20	Approved	[3]

Trifluoperazine Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Calmodulin (CALM)	TTV3NH6	CALM1_HUMAN; CALM2_HUMAN; CALM3_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[6]

Trifluoperazine Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[7]

Trifluoperazine Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DEJGDUW	CP1A2_HUMAN	Metabolism	[8]
Dimethylaniline oxidase 2 (FMO2)	DEIASEZ	FMO2_HUMAN	Metabolism	[9]

Trifluoperazine Interacts with 7 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Flavin-containing monooxygenase 2 (FMO2)	OTUJUL9S	FMO2_HUMAN	Increases Oxidation	[9]
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1)	OTEJROBO	MDR1_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[10]
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin (PRKN)	OTJBN41W	PRKN_HUMAN	Affects Localization	[11]
Stonin-2 (STON2)	OT01JHHE	STON2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[12]
D(3) dopamine receptor (DRD3)	OT0OFFKB	DRD3_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[13]
D(4) dopamine receptor (DRD4)	OTAJTO7N	DRD4_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[13]
D(2) dopamine receptor (DRD2)	OTBLXKEG	DRD2_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[13]

Indication(s) of Efavirenz

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Approved	[4]

Efavirenz Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Human immunodeficiency virus Reverse transcriptase (HIV RT)	TT84ETX	POL_HV1B1	Modulator	[14]

Efavirenz Interacts with 2 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[15]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (ABCC3)	DTQ3ZHF	MRP3_HUMAN	Substrate	[16]

Efavirenz Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[17]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DEJGDUW	CP1A2_HUMAN	Metabolism	[18]
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6)	DEPKLMQ	CP2B6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[19]

Efavirenz Interacts with 21 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19)	OTFMJYYE	CP2CJ_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[20]
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11)	OTRU7THO	ABCBB_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[21]
Dynamin-1-like protein (DNM1L)	OTXK1Q1G	DNM1L_HUMAN	Affects Localization	[22]
Bcl-2-like protein 11 (BCL2L11)	OTNQQWFJ	B2L11_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[23]
Dynamin-like 120 kDa protein, mitochondrial (OPA1)	OTJGNWPW	OPA1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[22]
Mitofusin-2 (MFN2)	OTPYN8A3	MFN2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[22]
Thyroglobulin (TG)	OT3ELHIJ	THYG_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[24]
Albumin (ALB)	OTVMM513	ALBU_HUMAN	Affects Binding	[25]
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (SERPINE1)	OTT0MPQ3	PAI1_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[26]
Transcription factor Jun (JUN)	OTCYBO6X	JUN_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[23]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8)	OTS7T5VH	IL8_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[26]
C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2)	OTAD2HEL	CCL2_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[26]
Calnexin (CANX)	OTYP1F6J	CALX_HUMAN	Affects Localization	[22]
DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein (DDIT3)	OTI8YKKE	DDIT3_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[22]
Lon protease homolog, mitochondrial (LONP1)	OT665WYT	LONM_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[22]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8)	OTEREYS5	MK08_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[23]
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA)	OTOM9OE4	CEBPA_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[26]
Regulator of microtubule dynamics protein 3 (RMDN3)	OTKO7AUM	RMD3_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[22]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 (MAP3K5)	OTQR6ENW	M3K5_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[23]
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 (EIF2AK3)	OT0DZGY4	E2AK3_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[22]
Mitochondrial fission 1 protein (FIS1)	OT2HL10J	FIS1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[22]

References

• [1] CheMBL Affinity Phenotypic Cellular Interaction Assay ID: CHEMBL1125966
• [2] Trifluoperazine FDA Label
• [3] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [4] Approved antiretroviral drugs. Antiretroviral Drugs. Company report of AVERT. 2009.
• [5] Assessment of the inhibition potential of Licochalcone A against human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Food Chem Toxicol. 2016 Apr;90:112-22.
• [6] Inhibitory effect of jujuboside A on glutamate-mediated excitatory signal pathway in hippocampus. Planta Med. 2003 Aug;69(8):692-5.
• [7] Mammalian drug efflux transporters of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) family in multidrug resistance: A review of the past decade. Cancer Lett. 2016 Jan 1;370(1):153-64.
• [8] Psychotropic Medications Metabolized by Cytochromes P450 (CYP) 1A2 Enzyme and Relevant Drug Interactions: Review of Articles
• [9] Human FMO2-based microbial whole-cell catalysts for drug metabolite synthesis. Microb Cell Fact. 2015 Jun 12;14:82.
• [10] Characterization of the ATPase activity of the Mr 170,000 to 180,000 membrane glycoprotein (P-glycoprotein) associated with multidrug resistance in K562/ADM cells. Cancer Res. 1988 Sep 1;48(17):4926-32.
• [11] Rescue of Pink1 Deficiency by Stress-Dependent Activation of Autophagy. Cell Chem Biol. 2017 Apr 20;24(4):471-480.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.03.005. Epub 2017 Mar 30.
• [12] Stonin 2 activates lysosomal-mTOR axis for cell survival in oral cancer. Toxicol In Vitro. 2023 Apr;88:105561. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105561. Epub 2023 Jan 23.
• [13] ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
• [14] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
• [15] Human intestinal transporter database: QSAR modeling and virtual profiling of drug uptake, efflux and interactions. Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;30(4):996-1007.
• [16] Induction of multiple drug transporters by efavirenz. J Pharmacol Sci. 2009 Feb;109(2):242-50.
• [17] Induction of CYP3A4 by efavirenz in primary human hepatocytes: comparison with rifampin and phenobarbital. J Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Nov;44(11):1273-81.
• [18] CYP2B6 genotype-dependent inhibition of CYP1A2 and induction of CYP2A6 by the antiretroviral drug efavirenz in healthy volunteers. Clin Transl Sci. 2019 Nov;12(6):657-666.
• [19] Evaluation of CYP2B6 induction and prediction of clinical drug-drug interactions: considerations from the IQ consortium induction working group-an industry perspective. Drug Metab Dispos. 2016 Oct;44(10):1720-30.
• [20] Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 isoforms by nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. J Clin Pharmacol. 2001 Jan;41(1):85-91.
• [21] Early identification of clinically relevant drug interactions with the human bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11). Toxicol Sci. 2013 Dec;136(2):328-43.
• [22] Lon protease: a novel mitochondrial matrix protein in the interconnection between drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Br J Pharmacol. 2017 Dec;174(23):4409-4429. doi: 10.1111/bph.14045. Epub 2017 Nov 7.
• [23] Efavirenz and 8-hydroxyefavirenz induce cell death via a JNK- and BimEL-dependent mechanism in primary human hepatocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2011 Dec 1;257(2):227-34. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.09.008. Epub 2011 Sep 19.
• [24] Reverse transcriptase inhibitors down-regulate cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo and restore thyrotropin signaling and iodine uptake in human thyroid anaplastic carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Oct;90(10):5663-71. doi: 10.1210/jc.2005-0367. Epub 2005 Jul 19.
• [25] Binding of anti-HIV drugs to human serum albumin. IUBMB Life. 2004 Oct;56(10):609-14. doi: 10.1080/15216540400016286.
• [26] Effects of nevirapine and efavirenz on human adipocyte differentiation, gene expression, and release of adipokines and cytokines. Antiviral Res. 2011 Aug;91(2):112-9. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.04.018. Epub 2011 May 17.