General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCCWNKU)

Drug Combination Name
Dextroamphetamine Levodopa
Indication
Disease Entry Status REF
Cocaine Abuse Phase 1 [1]
Component Drugs Dextroamphetamine   DMMIHVP Levodopa   DMN3E57
Small molecular drug Small molecular drug
2D MOL 2D MOL
3D MOL 3D MOL

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)
Indication(s) of Dextroamphetamine
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 6A05.Z Approved [2]
Depression 6A70-6A7Z Approved [3]
Narcolepsy 7A20 Approved [2]
Dextroamphetamine Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Trace amine-associated receptor-1 (TAAR1) TTIU98M TAAR1_HUMAN Modulator [6]
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Dextroamphetamine Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) DECB0K3 CP2D6_HUMAN Metabolism [7]
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Dextroamphetamine Interacts with 15 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Bcl-2-like protein 11 (BCL2L11) OTNQQWFJ B2L11_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2) OT9DVHC0 BCL2_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter (SLC6A2) OTMHQJMP SC6A2_HUMAN Decreases Activity [9]
BH3-interacting domain death agonist (BID) OTOSHSHU BID_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter (SLC6A3) OT39XG28 SC6A3_HUMAN Decreases Activity [9]
Synaptic vesicular amine transporter (SLC18A2) OTUOMMM6 VMAT2_HUMAN Affects Binding [10]
Apoptosis regulator BAX (BAX) OTAW0V4V BAX_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Bcl-2-like protein 1 (BCL2L1) OTRC5K9O B2CL1_HUMAN Decreases Expression [8]
Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer (BAK1) OTDP6ILW BAK_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Bcl-2-binding component 3, isoforms 3/4 (BBC3) OTUAXDAY BBC3B_HUMAN Increases Expression [8]
Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 protein (DISC1) OT43AW4H DISC1_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [11]
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) OT6FGDLW SC6A4_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [12]
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) OT8ICC4Z GDNF_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [13]
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) OTLGH7EW BDNF_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [14]
Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) OTPWKTQG COMT_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [15]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 15 DOT(s)
Indication(s) of Levodopa
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Parkinson disease 8A00.0 Approved [4]
Parkinsonian disorder N.A. Approved [5]
Postencephalitic Parkinson disease N.A. Approved [5]
Levodopa Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) TTEX248 DRD2_HUMAN Modulator [4]
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Levodopa Interacts with 2 DTP Molecule(s)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [17]
L-type amino acid transporter 1 (SLC7A5) DT48T0N LAT1_HUMAN Substrate [18]
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Levodopa Interacts with 5 DME Molecule(s)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) DECB0K3 CP2D6_HUMAN Metabolism [19]
Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) DEFQ8VO TPMT_HUMAN Metabolism [20]
DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) DETK9CN DDC_HUMAN Metabolism [21]
Tyrosine decarboxylase (tdc) DE3HL9N TYRDC_ENTFA Metabolism [22]
Tyrosine decarboxylase (tdc) DEX2ZLF TYRDC_LACBR Metabolism [23]
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Levodopa Interacts with 17 DOT Molecule(s)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Mode of Action REF
Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (DDC) OT0TSW09 DDC_HUMAN Increases Response To Substance [24]
Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) OTPWKTQG COMT_HUMAN Increases Methylation [25]
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 (RAPGEF3) OTMOW4Z4 RPGF3_HUMAN Increases Expression [26]
Vasopressin-neurophysin 2-copeptin (AVP) OTAVZ76K NEU2_HUMAN Decreases Secretion [27]
Thyrotropin subunit beta (TSHB) OTFDI39D TSHB_HUMAN Decreases Expression [28]
Prolactin (PRL) OTWFQGX7 PRL_HUMAN Decreases Expression [28]
Somatotropin (GH1) OT92RTRD SOMA_HUMAN Increases Expression [28]
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) OTC6I2SP DOPO_HUMAN Decreases Activity [29]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) OTCYKGKO MK03_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [26]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) OTH85PI5 MK01_HUMAN Increases Phosphorylation [26]
Caspase-3 (CASP3) OTIJRBE7 CASP3_HUMAN Increases Activity [30]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 (MAP3K5) OTQR6ENW M3K5_HUMAN Increases Activity [30]
Superoxide dismutase (SOD1) OT39TA1L SODC_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [31]
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin (PRKN) OTJBN41W PRKN_HUMAN Increases ADR [32]
Protein c-Fos (FOS) OTJBUVWS FOS_HUMAN Increases ADR [32]
Opioid growth factor receptor (OGFR) OTROS6RJ OGFR_HUMAN Increases ADR [32]
Homer protein homolog 1 (HOMER1) OTWFD3SI HOME1_HUMAN Affects Response To Substance [33]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 17 DOT(s)

References

1 ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00439049) Substance Abuse Pre-Treatment Screening Study
2 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
3 Dextroamphetamine FDA Label
4 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 3639).
5 Levodopa FDA Label
6 Methamphetamine and HIV-1-induced neurotoxicity: role of trace amine associated receptor 1 cAMP signaling in astrocytes. Neuropharmacology. 2014 Oct;85:499-507.
7 Involvement of CYP2D6 in the in vitro metabolism of amphetamine, two N-alkylamphetamines and their 4-methoxylated derivatives. Xenobiotica. 1999 Jul;29(7):719-32.
8 An insight into the hepatocellular death induced by amphetamines, individually and in combination: the involvement of necrosis and apoptosis. Arch Toxicol. 2013 Dec;87(12):2165-85. doi: 10.1007/s00204-013-1082-9. Epub 2013 Jul 3.
9 Pharmacological characterization of the aminorex analogs 4-MAR, 4,4'-DMAR, and 3,4-DMAR. Neurotoxicology. 2019 May;72:95-100. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.02.011. Epub 2019 Feb 15.
10 Synaptic vesicular monoamine transporter expression: distribution and pharmacologic profile. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1994 Mar;22(1-4):219-26. doi: 10.1016/0169-328x(94)90050-7.
11 Misassembly of full-length Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 protein is linked to altered dopamine homeostasis and behavioral deficits. Mol Psychiatry. 2016 Nov;21(11):1561-1572. doi: 10.1038/mp.2015.194. Epub 2016 Jan 12.
12 Serotonin transporter genotype and acute subjective response to amphetamine. Am J Addict. 2006 Sep-Oct;15(5):327-35. doi: 10.1080/10550490600859868.
13 Behavioral improvement and dopamine release in a Parkinsonian rat model. Neurosci Lett. 2002 Sep 13;330(1):5-8. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00672-9.
14 An association study of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism and amphetamine response. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2006 Sep 5;141B(6):576-83. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30327.
15 Catechol O-methyltransferase val158-met genotype and individual variation in the brain response to amphetamine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 May 13;100(10):6186-91. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0931309100. Epub 2003 Apr 25.
16 Claudin-3 and claudin-4 regulate sensitivity to cisplatin by controlling expression of the copper and cisplatin influx transporter CTR1. Mol Pharmacol. 2013 Jan;83(1):85-94. doi: 10.1124/mol.112.079798. Epub 2012 Oct 10.
17 Human intestinal transporter database: QSAR modeling and virtual profiling of drug uptake, efflux and interactions. Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;30(4):996-1007.
18 Modulation of LAT1 (SLC7A5) transporter activity and stability by membrane cholesterol. Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 8;7:43580.
19 Multiple cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible for the oxidative metabolism of the substituted (S)-3-phenylpiperidine, (S,S)-3-[3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1-propylpiperidine hydrochloride, in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Dec;30(12):1372-7.
20 Reduced 3-O-methyl-dopa levels in OCD patients and their unaffected parents is associated with the low activity M158 COMT allele. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2010 Mar 5;153B(2):542-548.
21 Complexity of dopamine metabolism. Cell Commun Signal. 2013 May 17;11(1):34.
22 Discovery and inhibition of an interspecies gut bacterial pathway for Levodopa metabolism. Science. 2019 Jun 14;364(6445). pii: eaau6323.
23 Gut bacterial tyrosine decarboxylases restrict levels of levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun. 2019 Jan 18;10(1):310.
24 Focal striatal dopamine may potentiate dyskinesias in parkinsonian monkeys. Exp Neurol. 2006 Feb;197(2):363-72. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.10.022. Epub 2005 Dec 9.
25 Molecular mechanisms controlling the rate and specificity of catechol O-methylation by human soluble catechol O-methyltransferase. Mol Pharmacol. 2001 Feb;59(2):393-402. doi: 10.1124/mol.59.2.393.
26 Multiple treatments with L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine modulate dopamine biosynthesis and neurotoxicity through the protein kinase A-transient extracellular signal-regulated kinase and exchange protein activation by cyclic AMP-sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways. J Neurosci Res. 2014 Dec;92(12):1746-56. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23450. Epub 2014 Jul 12.
27 Blood pressure and vasopressin in progressive autonomic failure. Response to postural stimulation, L-dopa and naloxone. Brain. 1983 Jun;106 (Pt 2):503-11. doi: 10.1093/brain/106.2.503.
28 Effects of terguride on anterior pituitary function in parkinsonian patients treated with L-dopa: a double-blind study versus placebo. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1996 Feb;19(1):72-80. doi: 10.1097/00002826-199619010-00006.
29 Plasma dopamine beta hydroxylase (D.B.H.) activity in Parkinsonian patients under L-dopa, and 2-bromo-alpha-ergocriptine loading. J Neural Transm. 1979;46(1):71-8. doi: 10.1007/BF01243430.
30 Levodopa activates apoptosis signaling kinase 1 (ASK1) and promotes apoptosis in a neuronal model: implications for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Chem Res Toxicol. 2011 Oct 17;24(10):1644-52. doi: 10.1021/tx200082h. Epub 2011 Aug 22.
31 Effects of wild-type and mutated copper/zinc superoxide dismutase on neuronal survival and L-DOPA-induced toxicity in postnatal midbrain culture. J Neurochem. 1997 Jul;69(1):21-33. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69010021.x.
32 ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
33 Association of common genetic variants of HOMER1 gene with levodopa adverse effects in Parkinson's disease patients. Pharmacogenomics J. 2014 Jun;14(3):289-94. doi: 10.1038/tpj.2013.37. Epub 2013 Oct 15.