Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCIKJ4R)

• Drug Combination Name: Busulfan + Bendamustine hydrochloride
• Indication: Plasma cell myeloma; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Busulfan (DMXYJ9C): Small molecular drug
  Bendamustine hydrochloride (DMFH15Z): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: RPMI-8226
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 1.02
  Bliss Independence Score: 3.1
  Loewe Additivity Score: 6.51
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 6.6

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Busulfan

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Chronic myelogenous leukaemia	2A20.0	Approved	[2]
Hematologic disease	3C0Z	Approved	[2]
Immunodeficiency	4A00-4A85	Approved	[2]
Leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Myeloproliferative syndrome	2A22	Approved	[3]
Systemic lupus erythematosus	4A40.0	Approved	[2]
Systemic sclerosis	4A42	Approved	[2]
Neuroblastoma	2D11.2	Investigative	[2]
Retinoblastoma	2D02.2	Investigative	[2]

Busulfan Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Human Deoxyribonucleic acid (hDNA)	TTUTN1I	NOUNIPROTAC	Modulator	[6]

Busulfan Interacts with 6 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[7]
Glutathione S-transferase alpha-1 (GSTA1)	DE4ZHS1	GSTA1_HUMAN	Metabolism	[8]
Glutathione S-transferase alpha-2 (GSTA2)	DEH49YS	GSTA2_HUMAN	Metabolism	[9]
Glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1)	DEK6079	GSTP1_HUMAN	Metabolism	[10]
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 (MGST2)	DE31KMQ	MGST2_HUMAN	Metabolism	[11]
Glutathione S-transferase mu-1 (GSTM1)	DEYZEJA	GSTM1_HUMAN	Metabolism	[10]

Busulfan Interacts with 15 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Serotransferrin (TF)	OT41PEMS	TRFE_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[12]
Antithrombin-III (SERPINC1)	OTDFATG0	ANT3_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[13]
Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein (TGFB1)	OTV5XHVH	TGFB1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[14]
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (SERPINE1)	OTT0MPQ3	PAI1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[14]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1)	OT310QSG	PARP1_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[15]
Histone H2AX (H2AX)	OT18UX57	H2AX_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[15]
Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 (ATF4)	OTRFV19J	ATF4_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[5]
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit (NFKB1)	OTNRRD8I	NFKB1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[5]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3)	OTCYKGKO	MK03_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[16]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)	OTH85PI5	MK01_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[16]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A)	OTQWHCZE	CDN1A_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2)	OTO9G2RZ	STAT2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Pseudouridylate synthase 7 homolog (PUS7)	OTE5AQHJ	PUS7_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[17]
DNA repair nuclease/redox regulator APEX1 (APEX1)	OT53OI14	APEX1_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[18]
Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 1 (ARHGDIA)	OTEXWJDO	GDIR1_HUMAN	Affects Response To Substance	[19]

Indication(s) of Bendamustine hydrochloride

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
leukaemia	2A60-2B33	Approved	[4]

Bendamustine hydrochloride Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Human Deoxyribonucleic acid (hDNA)	TTUTN1I	NOUNIPROTAC	Modulator	[4]

Bendamustine hydrochloride Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DEJGDUW	CP1A2_HUMAN	Metabolism	[21]

Bendamustine hydrochloride Interacts with 6 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1)	OT310QSG	PARP1_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[20]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 3 (BIRC3)	OT3E95KB	BIRC3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[20]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 (BIRC2)	OTFXFREP	BIRC2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[22]
PRKC apoptosis WT1 regulator protein (PAWR)	OTKY7W52	PAWR_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[20]
Diablo IAP-binding mitochondrial protein (DIABLO)	OTHJ9MCZ	DBLOH_HUMAN	Increases Localization	[20]
Death domain-associated protein 6 (DAXX)	OTX6O7PL	DAXX_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[20]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Adenocarcinoma	DC4C8NM	HCT116	Investigative	[1]

References

• [1] CheMBL Affinity Phenotypic Cellular Interaction Assay ID: CHEMBL1125966
• [2] Busulfan FDA Label
• [3] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7136).
• [4] 2008 FDA drug approvals. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2009 Feb;8(2):93-6.
• [5] Direct transcriptomic comparison of xenobiotic metabolism and toxicity pathway induction of airway epithelium models at an air-liquid interface generated from induced pluripotent stem cells and primary bronchial epithelial cells. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2023 Feb;39(1):1-18. doi: 10.1007/s10565-022-09726-0. Epub 2022 May 31.
• [6] DNA intrastrand cross-link at the 5'-GA-3' sequence formed by busulfan and its role in the cytotoxic effect. Cancer Sci. 2004 May;95(5):454-8.
• [7] Update: clinically significant cytochrome P-450 drug interactions. Pharmacotherapy. 1998 Jan-Feb;18(1):84-112.
• [8] Glutathione S-transferase M1 polymorphism: a risk factor for hepatic venoocclusive disease in bone marrow transplantation. Blood. 2004 Sep 1;104(5):1574-7.
• [9] Endothelial cells do not express GSTA1: potential relevance to busulfan-mediated endothelial damage during haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Eur J Haematol. 2008 Apr;80(4):299-302.
• [10] Busulfan conjugation by glutathione S-transferases alpha, mu, and pi. Drug Metab Dispos. 1996 Sep;24(9):1015-9.
• [11] Overexpression of glutathione-S-transferase, MGSTII, confers resistance to busulfan and melphalan. Cancer Invest. 2005;23(1):19-25.
• [12] Busulfan induces activin A expression in vitro and in vivo: a possible link to venous occlusive disease. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Sep;74(3):264-74.
• [13] Decreased incidence of hepatic veno-occlusive disease and fewer hemostatic derangements associated with intravenous busulfan vs oral busulfan in adults conditioned with busulfan + cyclophosphamide for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Ann Hematol. 2005 May;84(5):321-30. doi: 10.1007/s00277-004-0982-4. Epub 2004 Dec 4.
• [14] Antineoplastic agent busulfan regulates a network of genes related to coagulation and fibrinolysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2012 Jun;68(6):923-35. doi: 10.1007/s00228-011-1209-y.
• [15] Altered gene expression in busulfan-resistant human myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res. 2008 Nov;32(11):1684-97. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2008.01.016. Epub 2008 Mar 12.
• [16] Busulfan selectively induces cellular senescence but not apoptosis in WI38 fibroblasts via a p53-independent but extracellular signal-regulated kinase-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 Nov;319(2):551-60. doi: 10.1124/jpet.106.107771. Epub 2006 Aug 1.
• [17] CD34+ derived macrophage and dendritic cells display differential responses to paraquat. Toxicol In Vitro. 2021 Sep;75:105198. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105198. Epub 2021 Jun 9.
• [18] Impairment of APE1 function enhances cellular sensitivity to clinically relevant alkylators and antimetabolites. Mol Cancer Res. 2009 Jun;7(6):897-906. doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-08-0519. Epub 2009 May 26.
• [19] Reduced expression of Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor-alpha modulates the cytotoxic effect of busulfan in HEK293 cells. Anticancer Drugs. 2007 Mar;18(3):333-40. doi: 10.1097/CAD.0b013e328011fd7f.
• [20] Synergistic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs in lymphoma cells are associated with down-regulation of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), prostate-apoptosis-response-gene 4 (Par-4), death-associated protein (Daxx) and with enforced caspase activation. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003 Sep 1;66(5):711-24. doi: 10.1016/s0006-2952(03)00410-6.
• [21] Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of bendamustine and its metabolites. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2015 Jun;75(6):1143-54.
• [22] Upon drug-induced apoptosis in lymphoma cells X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) translocates from the cytosol to the nucleus. Leuk Lymphoma. 2004 Jul;45(7):1429-36. doi: 10.1080/1042819042000198858.