Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCL3RIL)

• Drug Combination Name: Tacrine + Pizotyline
• Indication: Chronic myelogenous leukemia; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Tacrine (DM51FY6): Small molecular drug
  Pizotyline (DMV74ZH): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: KBM-7
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 9.71
  Bliss Independence Score: 9.71
  Loewe Additivity Score: 24.63
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 24.63

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Tacrine

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Alzheimer disease	8A20	Approved	[2]

Tacrine Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)	TT1RS9F	ACES_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[4]

Tacrine Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[5]

Tacrine Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DEJGDUW	CP1A2_HUMAN	Metabolism	[6]
Glutathione S-transferase alpha-1 (GSTA1)	DE4ZHS1	GSTA1_HUMAN	Metabolism	[7]

Tacrine Interacts with 12 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cholinesterase (BCHE)	OTOH3WQ9	CHLE_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[8]
Cocaine esterase (CES2)	OTC647SQ	EST2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[9]
NAD(P)H dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1)	OTZGGIVK	NQO1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[10]
Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (NQO2)	OTGDAJRZ	NQO2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[10]
Phosphatidylcholine translocator ABCB4 (ABCB4)	OTE6PY83	MDR3_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[11]
Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE)	OT2H8HG6	ACES_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[12]
Liver carboxylesterase 1 (CES1)	OT9L0LR8	EST1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[13]
DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein (DDIT3)	OTI8YKKE	DDIT3_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[14]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A)	OTQWHCZE	CDN1A_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[14]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2)	OTZX881H	KCNH2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[15]
Apolipoprotein E (APOE)	OTFOWL2H	APOE_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[16]
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	OTQGYY83	CP3A4_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[17]

Indication(s) of Pizotyline

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Headache	8A80-8A84	Approved	[3]

Pizotyline Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
5-HT receptor (5HTR)	TT85JO3	NOUNIPROTAC	Modulator	[18]

Pizotyline Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B10 (UGT2B10)	DEI8NGH	UDB10_HUMAN	Metabolism	[19]

Pizotyline Interacts with 1 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2)	OTZX881H	KCNH2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[20]

References

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• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6687).
• [3] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 93).
• [4] Evidence that the clinical effects of cholinesterase inhibitors are related to potency and targeting of action. Int J Clin Pract Suppl. 2002 Jun;(127):6-19.
• [5] Tacrine sinusoidal uptake and biliary excretion in sandwich-cultured primary rat hepatocytes. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014;17(3):427-38.
• [6] Synthetic and natural compounds that interact with human cytochrome P450 1A2 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(31):4066-218.
• [7] Combined glutathione-S-transferase M1 and T1 genetic polymorphism and tacrine hepatotoxicity. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2000 Apr;67(4):432-7.
• [8] Comparative effects of cationic triarylmethane, phenoxazine and phenothiazine dyes on horse serum butyrylcholinesterase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2008 Oct 15;478(2):201-5.
• [9] Inhibition of human carboxylesterases hCE1 and hiCE by cholinesterase inhibitors. Chem Biol Interact. 2013 Mar 25;203(1):226-30.
• [10] Reduction and scavenging of chemically reactive drug metabolites by NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 and NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2 and variability in hepatic concentrations. Chem Res Toxicol. 2018 Feb 19;31(2):116-126.
• [11] Evaluating the Role of Multidrug Resistance Protein 3 (MDR3) Inhibition in Predicting Drug-Induced Liver Injury Using 125 Pharmaceuticals. Chem Res Toxicol. 2017 May 15;30(5):1219-1229. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00048. Epub 2017 May 4.
• [12] Correlation of brain levels of 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine (THA) with neurochemical and behavioral changes. Eur J Pharmacol. 1989 Nov 28;173(1):53-64. doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(89)90008-3.
• [13] Crystal structure of human carboxylesterase 1 complexed with the Alzheimer's drug tacrine: from binding promiscuity to selective inhibition. Chem Biol. 2003 Apr;10(4):341-9. doi: 10.1016/s1074-5521(03)00071-1.
• [14] High-content imaging-based BAC-GFP toxicity pathway reporters to assess chemical adversity liabilities. Arch Toxicol. 2017 Mar;91(3):1367-1383. doi: 10.1007/s00204-016-1781-0. Epub 2016 Jun 29.
• [15] Refining the human iPSC-cardiomyocyte arrhythmic risk assessment model. Toxicol Sci. 2013 Dec;136(2):581-94. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kft205. Epub 2013 Sep 19.
• [16] ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
• [17] Development of a highly sensitive cytotoxicity assay system for CYP3A4-mediated metabolic activation. Drug Metab Dispos. 2011 Aug;39(8):1388-95. doi: 10.1124/dmd.110.037077. Epub 2011 May 3.
• [18] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [19] Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B10 in drug N-glucuronidation: substrate screening and comparison with UGT1A3 and UGT1A4. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Jul;41(7):1389-97.
• [20] Why are most phospholipidosis inducers also hERG blockers?. Arch Toxicol. 2017 Dec;91(12):3885-3895. doi: 10.1007/s00204-017-1995-9. Epub 2017 May 27.