Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCN5ALW)

• Drug Combination Name: Emetine + Everolimus
• Indication: Chronic myelogenous leukemia; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Emetine (DMCT2YF): Small molecular drug
  Everolimus (DM8X2EH): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: KBM-7
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 3.41
  Bliss Independence Score: 3.41
  Loewe Additivity Score: 10.59
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 10.59

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Emetine

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Hepatitis virus infection	1E50-1E51	Approved	[2]

Emetine Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[7]

Emetine Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[8]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[8]

Emetine Interacts with 15 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK)	OT9QIHEQ	RECK_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein (TGFB1)	OTV5XHVH	TGFB1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[10]
N-myc proto-oncogene protein (MYCN)	OTWD33K1	MYCN_HUMAN	Increases Degradation	[11]
72 kDa type IV collagenase (MMP2)	OT5NIWA2	MMP2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha (IL6R)	OTCQL07Z	IL6RA_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1)	OT310QSG	PARP1_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[12]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8)	OTS7T5VH	IL8_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
C-C motif chemokine 3 (CCL3)	OTW2H3ND	CCL3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT)	OTMTP2Z7	TAU_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
C-C motif chemokine 4 (CCL4)	OT6B8P25	CCL4_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2)	OTAD2HEL	CCL2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5)	OTSCA5CK	CCL5_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9)	OTB2QDAV	MMP9_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3)	OTCYKGKO	MK03_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[9]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)	OTH85PI5	MK01_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[9]

Indication(s) of Everolimus

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Advanced cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Approved	[3]
Advanced/metastatic breast cancer	2C60	Approved	[2]
Brainstem neoplasm	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Breast carcinoma	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Graft-versus-host disease	4B24	Approved	[3]
Intracranial meningioma	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Lung cancer	2C25.0	Approved	[3]
Mucosal melanoma	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Multiple sclerosis	8A40	Approved	[3]
Plasma cell myeloma	2A83.1	Approved	[3]
Prostate cancer	2C82.0	Approved	[3]
Renal cell carcinoma	2C90	Approved	[4]
Salivary gland squamous cell carcinoma	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Tuberous sclerosis	LD2D.2	Approved	[3]
Kidney cancer	2C90.0	Phase 3	[4]
Castration-resistant prostate carcinoma	N.A.	Investigative	[3]
Colon cancer	2B90.Z	Investigative	[3]
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)	1D64	Investigative	[5]
Neuroblastoma	2D11.2	Investigative	[3]
Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma	N.A.	Investigative	[3]
Polycystic kidney disease	GB8Y	Investigative	[3]
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)	1D65	Investigative	[5]

Everolimus Interacts with 2 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR (mTOR)	TTCJG29	MTOR_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[14]
HUMAN mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)	TT7HQAF	MTOR_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[5]

Everolimus Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[15]

Everolimus Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[16]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [3] Everolimus FDA Label
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5889).
• [5] Coronaviruses - drug discovery and therapeutic options. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2016 May;15(5):327-47.
• [6] Cell-based and cytokine-directed chemical screen to identify potential anti-multiple myeloma agents. Leuk Res. 2010 Jul;34(7):917-24. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.12.002. Epub 2010 Feb 8.
• [7] Potential role of drug transporters in the pathogenesis of medically intractable epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2005 Feb;46(2):224-35.
• [8] Metabolism of ipecac alkaloids cephaeline and emetine by human hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450s, and their inhibitory effects on P450 enzyme activities. Biol Pharm Bull. 2001 Jun;24(6):678-82.
• [9] Emetine inhibits migration and invasion of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells via regulation of ERK and p38 signaling pathways. Chem Biol Interact. 2015 Dec 5;242:25-33. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.08.014. Epub 2015 Aug 30.
• [10] Identification and Profiling of Environmental Chemicals That Inhibit the TGF/SMAD Signaling Pathway. Chem Res Toxicol. 2019 Dec 16;32(12):2433-2444. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00228. Epub 2019 Nov 11.
• [11] IGF2BP1 induces neuroblastoma via a druggable feedforward loop with MYCN promoting 17q oncogene expression. Mol Cancer. 2023 May 29;22(1):88. doi: 10.1186/s12943-023-01792-0.
• [12] Apoptosis induces Bcl-XS and cleaved Bcl-XL in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Feb 18;405(3):480-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.01.057. Epub 2011 Jan 20.
• [13] Pharmacologic reductions of total tau levels; implications for the role of microtubule dynamics in regulating tau expression. Mol Neurodegener. 2006 Jul 26;1:6. doi: 10.1186/1750-1326-1-6.
• [14] Mammalian target of rapamycin, its mode of action and clinical response in metastatic clear cell carcinoma. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2009 Jul;36(7):1076-9.
• [15] Closer to the Site of Action: Everolimus Concentrations in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Correlate Well With Whole Blood Concentrations. Ther Drug Monit. 2015 Oct;37(5):675-80.
• [16] The evolving experience using everolimus in clinical transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2004 Mar;36(2 Suppl):495S-499S.