Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCTL2FL)

• Drug Combination Name: Raloxifene + Estramustine
• Indication: Amelanotic melanoma; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Raloxifene (DMDKF3M): Small molecular drug
  Estramustine (DMWTAOI): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: M14
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 3.58
  Bliss Independence Score: 5.81
  Loewe Additivity Score: 2.53
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 2.98

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Raloxifene

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Osteoporosis	FB83.0	Approved	[2]

Raloxifene Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Estrogen receptor (ESR)	TTZAYWL	ESR1_HUMAN	Modulator	[4]

Raloxifene Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[5]

Raloxifene Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[6]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)	DEYGVN4	UD11_HUMAN	Metabolism	[7]
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A10 (UGT1A10)	DEL5N6Y	UD110_HUMAN	Metabolism	[8]

Indication(s) of Estramustine

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Prostate cancer	2C82.0	Approved	[3]

Estramustine Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Estramustine binding protein (EMBP)	TTSBFYK	NOUNIPROTAC	Binder	[9]

Estramustine Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[10]

Estramustine Interacts with 2 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 18 (KRT18)	OTVLQFIP	K1C18_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[11]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2)	OT9DVHC0	BCL2_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[12]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Adult acute myeloid leukemia	DC1FRDA	HL-60(TB)	Investigative	[13]
Astrocytoma	DC8YI17	SNB-19	Investigative	[13]
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma	DCAP3RV	786-0	Investigative	[13]
Glioma	DC2CIMU	SF-268	Investigative	[13]
Glioma	DC3QR83	SF-295	Investigative	[13]
Carcinoma	DC74B30	RXF 393	Investigative	[14]
Adenocarcinoma	DCXQTM2	DU-145	Investigative	[1]
Adenocarcinoma	DC7IJC6	OVCAR3	Investigative	[1]
Adenocarcinoma	DCL3IAM	NCIH23	Investigative	[1]
Cutaneous melanoma	DCDGURV	SK-MEL-28	Investigative	[1]
Melanoma	DCQGH82	UACC-257	Investigative	[1]
Mixed endometrioid and clear cell carcinoma	DCIIFU2	IGROV1	Investigative	[1]

References

• [1] Loss of function mutations in VARS encoding cytoplasmic valyl-tRNA synthetase cause microcephaly, seizures, and progressive cerebral atrophy.Hum Genet. 2018 Apr;137(4):293-303. doi: 10.1007/s00439-018-1882-3. Epub 2018 Apr 24.
• [2] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [3] Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years. J Nat Prod. 2007 Mar;70(3):461-77.
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Target id: 620).
• [5] Influence of hepatic and intestinal efflux transporters and their genetic variants on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of raloxifene in osteoporosis treatment. Transl Res. 2012 Oct;160(4):298-308.
• [6] The role of P-glycoprotein in the bioactivation of raloxifene. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Dec;34(12):2073-8.
• [7] Drug-drug interactions for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates: a pharmacokinetic explanation for typically observed low exposure (AUCi/AUC) ratios. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Nov;32(11):1201-8.
• [8] Characterization of raloxifene glucuronidation: potential role of UGT1A8 genotype on raloxifene metabolism in vivo. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2013 Jul;6(7):719-30.
• [9] Estramustine binding protein in primary tumours and metastases of malignant melanoma. Melanoma Res. 1994 Dec;4(6):401-5.
• [10] Activity of docetaxel with or without estramustine phosphate versus mitoxantrone in androgen dependent and independent human prostate cancer xenografts. J Urol. 2003 May;169(5):1729-34.
• [11] Docetaxel induces apoptosis in hormone refractory prostate carcinomas during multiple treatment cycles. Br J Cancer. 2006 Jun 5;94(11):1592-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603129.
• [12] Induction of apoptosis by estramustine phosphate mediated by phosphorylation of bcl-2. J Neurooncol. 2001 Aug;54(1):23-9. doi: 10.1023/a:1012566601485.
• [13] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [14] Biologically active neutrophil chemokine pattern in tonsillitis.Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Mar;135(3):511-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2003.02390.x.