Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCWIXUG)

• Drug Combination Name: Pyrimethamine + Diltiazem
• Indication: Hepatoblastoma; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Pyrimethamine (DM5X7VY): Small molecular drug
  Diltiazem (DMAI7ZV): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: HB3
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 5.486
  Bliss Independence Score: 7.136
  Loewe Additivity Score: 0.804
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 5.261

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Pyrimethamine

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Malaria	1F40-1F45	Approved	[2]

Pyrimethamine Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Folate receptor alpha (FOLR1)	TTVC37M	FOLR1_HUMAN	Modulator	[5]

Pyrimethamine Interacts with 2 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[6]
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (SLC47A1)	DTZGT0P	S47A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[7]

Pyrimethamine Interacts with 4 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (SLC47A1)	OTZX0U5Q	S47A1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[8]
Protein c-Fos (FOS)	OTJBUVWS	FOS_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[9]
Histone H2AX (H2AX)	OT18UX57	H2AX_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[10]
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G (HLA-G)	OTMLK1KN	HLAG_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[11]

Indication(s) of Diltiazem

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Angina pectoris	BA40	Approved	[3]
Atrial fibrillation	BC81.3	Approved	[3]
Hypertension	BA00-BA04	Approved	[4]
Malignant essential hypertension	BA00	Approved	[3]

Diltiazem Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Voltage-gated calcium channel alpha-2/delta-1 (CACNA2D1)	TTFK1JQ	CA2D1_HUMAN	Blocker	[12]

Diltiazem Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[13]

Diltiazem Interacts with 7 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[14]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[15]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)	DEIBDNY	CP3A5_HUMAN	Metabolism	[16]
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (CYP3A7)	DERD86B	CP3A7_HUMAN	Metabolism	[17]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)	DES5XRU	CP2C8_HUMAN	Metabolism	[18]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Metabolism	[15]
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19)	DEGTFWK	CP2CJ_HUMAN	Metabolism	[19]

Diltiazem Interacts with 3 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha (SCN5A)	OTGYZWR6	SCN5A_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[20]
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor (ADRB1)	OTQBWN4U	ADRB1_HUMAN	Increases Response	[21]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1 (KCNE1)	OTZNQUW9	KCNE1_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[20]

References

• [1] CheMBL Affinity Phenotypic Cellular Interaction Assay ID: CHEMBL1125966
• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4800).
• [3] Diltiazem FDA Label
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 2298).
• [5] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
• [6] Mutant Gly482 and Thr482 ABCG2 mediate high-level resistance to lipophilic antifolates. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2006 Dec;58(6):826-34.
• [7] Expression of Organic Anion Transporter 1 or 3 in Human Kidney Proximal Tubule Cells Reduces Cisplatin Sensitivity. Drug Metab Dispos. 2018 May;46(5):592-599.
• [8] Interactions between Oroxylin A with the solute carrier transporters and ATP-binding cassette transporters: Drug transporters profile for this flavonoid. Chem Biol Interact. 2020 Jun 1;324:109097. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109097. Epub 2020 Apr 16.
• [9] Selection of drugs to test the specificity of the Tg.AC assay by screening for induction of the gadd153 promoter in vitro. Toxicol Sci. 2003 Aug;74(2):260-70. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfg113. Epub 2003 May 2.
• [10] Antifolate activity of pyrimethamine enhances temozolomide-induced cytotoxicity in melanoma cells. Mol Cancer Res. 2009 May;7(5):703-12. doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-08-0263. Epub 2009 May 12.
• [11] Systems pharmacological analysis of drugs inducing stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015 May 18;28(5):927-34. doi: 10.1021/tx5005248. Epub 2015 Apr 3.
• [12] Egr-1, the potential target of calcium channel blockers in cardioprotection with ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2009;24(1-2):17-24.
• [13] Mammalian drug efflux transporters of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) family in multidrug resistance: A review of the past decade. Cancer Lett. 2016 Jan 1;370(1):153-64.
• [14] Comparative metabolic capabilities of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Aug;30(8):883-91.
• [15] Drug interactions with calcium channel blockers: possible involvement of metabolite-intermediate complexation with CYP3A. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Feb;28(2):125-30.
• [16] Significant impacts of CYP3A4*1G and CYP3A5*3 genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of diltiazem and its main metabolites in Chinese adult kidney transplant patients. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2016 Jun;41(3):341-7.
• [17] FDA Drug Development and Drug Interactions
• [18] Role of CYP3A4 in human hepatic diltiazem N-demethylation: inhibition of CYP3A4 activity by oxidized diltiazem metabolites. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997 Jul;282(1):294-300.
• [19] Effects of CYP3A4 inhibition by diltiazem on pharmacokinetics and dynamics of diazepam in relation to CYP2C19 genotype status. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Oct;29(10):1284-9.
• [20] ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
• [21] A common 1-adrenergic receptor polymorphism predicts favorable response to rate-control therapy in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012 Jan 3;59(1):49-56. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.08.061.