Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCZY87T)

• Drug Combination Name: Mefloquine + Teriflunomide
• Indication: Chronic myelogenous leukemia; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Mefloquine (DMWT905): Small molecular drug
  Teriflunomide (DMQ2FKJ): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: KBM-7
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 2.83
  Bliss Independence Score: 2.83
  Loewe Additivity Score: 3.62
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 3.63

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Mefloquine

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Malaria	1F40-1F45	Approved	[2]
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)	1D6Y	Phase 2	[3]
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)	1D64	Preclinical	[4]
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)	1D65	Preclinical	[4]
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy	8A45.02	Investigative	[5]

Mefloquine Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Plasmodium 80S ribosome (Malaria 80S)	TTT28H3	NOUNIPROTAC	Binder	[9]

Mefloquine Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[10]

Mefloquine Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[11]

Indication(s) of Teriflunomide

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Hyperlipidaemia	5C80	Approved	[6]
Lupus nephritis	4A40.0Y	Approved	[7]
Multiple sclerosis	8A40	Approved	[8]
Psoriatic arthritis	FA21	Approved	[7]
Rheumatoid arthritis	FA20	Phase 3	[8]
Hepatitis B virus infection	1E51.0	Phase 1	[6]

Teriflunomide Interacts with 3 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Plasmodium Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (Malaria DHOdehase)	TT3PQ2Y	PYRD_PLAF7	Inhibitor	[12]
HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR)	TTPADOQ	HMDH_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[6]
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH)	TTLVP78	PYRD_HUMAN	Modulator	[13]

Teriflunomide Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[14]

Teriflunomide Interacts with 33 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Phenylalanine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial (FARS2)	OTXAK6F0	SYFM_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[15]
Ornithine aminotransferase, mitochondrial (OAT)	OTEKO8CT	OAT_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[15]
Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1-like (HSPA1L)	OTC2V1K6	HS71L_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[15]
Bcl-2-like protein 1 (BCL2L1)	OTRC5K9O	B2CL1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[15]
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase, mitochondrial (CYP24A1)	OTG2T749	CP24A_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[15]
BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3)	OT4SO7J4	BNIP3_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[15]
Mitochondrial adenyl nucleotide antiporter SLC25A25 (SLC25A25)	OTMNPSNY	SCMC2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[15]
Mitochondrial fission regulator 2 (MTFR2)	OTLOR68D	MTFR2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[15]
Choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial (CHDH)	OTO2DPGL	CHDH_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[15]
Dimethyladenosine transferase 1, mitochondrial (TFB1M)	OTFCUSAZ	TFB1M_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[15]
Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX28 (DDX28)	OTIIHNYN	DDX28_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[15]
Glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1)	OTCI2YDI	GCR_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[16]
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	OTQGYY83	CP3A4_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	OTGLBN29	CP2C9_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6)	OTOYO4S7	CP2B6_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic (PCK1)	OTNWEJ5Y	PCKGC_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
Glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 (G6PC1)	OTJ6FM9F	G6PC1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
Fatty acid synthase (FASN)	OTFII9KG	FAS_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3 (NR1I3)	OTS3SGH7	NR1I3_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
Glycophorin-A (GYPA)	OTABU4YV	GLPA_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[17]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53)	OTIE1VH3	P53_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[18]
Retinoblastoma-associated protein (RB1)	OTQJUJMZ	RB_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
Cyclin-A2 (CCNA2)	OTPHHYZJ	CCNA2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[17]
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (RPS6KB1)	OTAELNGX	KS6B1_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[19]
G1/S-specific cyclin-E1 (CCNE1)	OTLD7UID	CCNE1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CXCR1)	OT5512B2	CXCR1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[18]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 (CCND2)	OTDULQF9	CCND2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
M-phase inducer phosphatase 1 (CDC25A)	OTSLKKCO	MPIP1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1)	OT8H2YY7	AKT1_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[19]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A)	OTQWHCZE	CDN1A_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[17]
Heat shock factor protein 1 (HSF1)	OTYNJ4KP	HSF1_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[20]
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (EIF4EBP1)	OTHBQVD5	4EBP1_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[19]
Interleukin-10 receptor subunit alpha (IL10RA)	OTOX3D1D	I10R1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[18]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2019. Application Number: (NDA) 019578
• [3] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04347031) An Open Randomized Study of the Effectiveness of Mefloquine for the Treatment of Patients With COVID19. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [4] Repurposing of clinically developed drugs for treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014 Aug;58(8):4885-93.
• [5] Mefloquine FDA Label
• [6] Emerging drugs in peripheral arterial disease. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2006 Mar;11(1):75-90.
• [7] Teriflunomide FDA Label
• [8] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6844).
• [9] An ultrastructural study of the effects of mefloquine on malaria parasites. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1987 Jan;36(1):9-14.
• [10] Polymorphisms in human MDR1 (P-glycoprotein): recent advances and clinical relevance. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Jan;75(1):13-33.
• [11] Effect of rifampin on plasma concentrations of mefloquine in healthy volunteers. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2000 Oct;52(10):1265-9.
• [12] Expression and characterization of E. coli-produced soluble, functional human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase: a potential target for immunosuppression. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol. 1999 Aug;1(1):183-8.
• [13] Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2013 Feb;12(2):87-90.
• [14] MDR-ABC transporters: biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2013 Sep-Oct;31(5):779-87.
• [15] Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by leflunomide and its active metabolite. Toxicology. 2018 Mar 1;396-397:33-45.
• [16] Teriflunomide is an indirect human constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) activator interacting with epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling. Front Pharmacol. 2018 Oct 11;9:993.
• [17] A77 1726 induces differentiation of human myeloid leukemia K562 cells by depletion of intracellular CTP pools. Mol Pharmacol. 2002 Sep;62(3):463-72. doi: 10.1124/mol.62.3.463.
• [18] Differential modulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine receptors by N-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2-cyano-3-hydroxy-crotonic acid amide (A77 1726), the physiologically active metabolite of the novel immunomodulator leflunomide. Biochem Pharmacol. 1998 May 1;55(9):1523-9. doi: 10.1016/s0006-2952(97)00677-1.
• [19] Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor A771726 (leflunomide) induces apoptosis and diminishes proliferation of multiple myeloma cells. Mol Cancer Ther. 2009 Feb;8(2):366-75. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-08-0664. Epub 2009 Jan 27.
• [20] A Gene Expression Biomarker Predicts Heat Shock Factor 1 Activation in a Gene Expression Compendium. Chem Res Toxicol. 2021 Jul 19;34(7):1721-1737. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00510. Epub 2021 Jun 25.