Details of the Drug-Related molecule(s) Expression Atlas

General Information of Drug (ID: DMJ2AH4)

Drug Name

Vitamin A Drug Info

Synonyms

Retinol; retinol; all-trans-Retinol; 68-26-8; Vitamin A1; Alphalin; Axerophthol; Afaxin; Oleovitamin A; Chocola A; Ophthalamin; Epiteliol; Biosterol; Aquasynth; Apostavit; Alphasterol; Veroftal; Testavol; Anatola; Prepalin; Myvpack; Agoncal; Agiolan; Vogan; Axerol; Vitpex; Avibon; Apexol; Aoral; Vaflol; Dofsol; Avitol; Vitamin A alcohol; Disatabs Tabs; Lard Factor; Bentavit A; Dohyfral A; all-trans-Retinyl alcohol; Alcovit A; Vogan-Neu; Anatola A; Plivit A; A-Mulsal; Vi-Alpha; A-Vitan; All-trans retinol; Atars; Vafol; trans-retinol; all-trans-Vitamin A; ACON; ATAV; Alin; Avita; Axerophtholum; Cylasphere; LPK; Retinolo; Retinolum; TROL; Thalasphere; Wachstumsvitamin; All Trans Retinol; Antixerophthalmic vitamin; Antixerophthalmisches Vitamin; Aquasol A Parenteral; Homagenets Aoral; Homagenets aorl; Hydrovit A; Mvc Plus; Retinol solution; Retinolo [DCIT]; Retrovitamin A; Sehkraft A; Super A; Testavol S; Vitamin A cryst; Vitamine A; Vitaminum A; Vitavel A; Zinosan N; Rovimix A 500; Vitamin A1 alcohol; A-Sol; Anti-infective vitamin; Beta-Retinol; Retinol [INN:BAN]; Retinolum [INN-Latin]; Solu-A; Trans-Vitamin A alcohol; Trans-retinol; Vi-a; Vi-alpha; Vio-A; Vitamin A (Feed); Vitamin A (USP); Vitamin A alcohol (VAN); Vitamin A1 alcohol, all trans; Vitamin-A; Vitamin-A alcohol; Vitamin-A alcohol solution; Vitamin-A1; Vitavel-A; Vogan-nu; A-Vi-Pel; ALL-TRANS RETINOL (SEE ALSO RETINOID PROJECT 1); All-trans-Retinol; All-trans-Retinyl alcohol; All-trans-Vitamin A; All-trans-Vitamin A alcohol; All-trans-Vitamin A1; Del-VI-A; Hi-A-Vita; Nio-A-Let; Ro-a-vit; Trans-Retinol acid (Vitamin A); Vi-Dom-A; [11,12-3H]-Retinol; MVC 9+3; MVI-12; Retinol, all-trans-(8CI); Retin-11,12-t2-ol (9CI); Retinol-(cellular-retinol-binding-protein); Alcohol 9,13-dimethyl-7-(1,1,5-trimethyl-6-cyclohexen-5-yl)-7,9,11,13-nonatetraen-15-ol; All-trans-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol; (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol; (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol; (all-E)-3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol; 3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclchexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol; 3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonate-traen-1-ol; 3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol; 3,7-Dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol; 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol, (all-E)-Isomer; Tricyclics

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Night blindness	9D45	Approved	[1]
Vitamin A deficiency		Approved	[2]
Vitamin deficiency	5B55-5B71	Approved	[2]
Kinetoplastids	1F61-1G2Z	Investigative	[3]

Therapeutic Class

Vitamins

Cross-matching ID

PubChem CID: 445354
ChEBI ID: CHEBI:17336
CAS Number: CAS 11103-57-4
TTD Drug ID: DMJ2AH4
INTEDE Drug ID: DR1699

Molecule(s) Related to This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Retinoic acid receptor (RAR)	TTOD7B3	NOUNIPROTAC	Binder	[4]
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma (RXRG)	TTH029C	RXRG_HUMAN	Binder	[4]
Trypanosoma Trypanothione reductase (Trypano TPR)	TTRTKPV	TYTR_TRYBB	Binder	[3]

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Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Highest Status	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Phase 3	[5]
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)	DEVDYN7	CP2E1_HUMAN	Phase 3	[6]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DEJGDUW	CP1A2_HUMAN	Phase 3	[7]
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1)	DE9QHP6	CP1B1_HUMAN	Phase 3	[8]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)	DES5XRU	CP2C8_HUMAN	Phase 3	[9]
Retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase 26A1 (CYP26A1)	DEOVJF2	CP26A_HUMAN	Phase 3	[10]
Retinal dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH1A2)	DEKN1H4	AL1A2_HUMAN	Phase 3	[11]
Retinol dehydrogenase 5 (RDH5)	DESI4OK	RDH5_HUMAN	Phase 3	[12]
Cytochrome P450 2S1 (CYP2S1)	DE6NMGO	CP2S1_HUMAN	Phase 3	[13]
Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase retSDR8 (DHRS9)	DEGTU5I	DHRS9_HUMAN	Phase 3	[11]

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The Expression Level of Molecule(s) in Normal Tissue of Major ADME-Related Organs

Molecule	Molecule Type	Gene Name	Liver	Colon	Kidney	Small Intestine
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma (RXRG)	DTT	RXRG	5.536	5.618	5.347	6.259
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)	DME	CYP2E1	12.054	3.968	2.945	4.1
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)	DME	CYP2C8	9.791	3.744	3.413	1.609
Retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase 26A1 (CYP26A1)	DME	CYP26A1	7.009	5.641	5.162	6.016
Retinal dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH1A2)	DME	ALDH1A2	1.07	3.472	3.35	3.121
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DME	CYP1A2	10.036	5.779	6.508	6.481
Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase retSDR8 (DHRS9)	DME	DHRS9	5.087	8.682	5.274	6.933
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1)	DME	CYP1B1	5.098	5.256	8.133	6.2
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DME	CYP3A4	11.692	6.58	4.984	9.089

Molecule Expression Atlas in Normal Tissue of Major ADME-related organs

The Expression Level of Molecule(s) between Disease Section and Healthy Individual Tissue

The Studied Disease

Night blindness

ICD Disease Classification

9D45

Molecule Name	Molecule Type	Gene Name	p-value	Fold-Change	Z-score
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma (RXRG)	DTT	RXRG	4.44E-02	-0.25	-0.41
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)	DME	CYP2E1	1.17E-01	1.32E-01	3.15E-01
Retinol dehydrogenase 5 (RDH5)	DME	RDH5	3.70E-03	-9.68E-01	-9.05E-01
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)	DME	CYP2C8	5.27E-01	-1.74E-02	-6.97E-02
Retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase 26A1 (CYP26A1)	DME	CYP26A1	1.49E-03	-6.33E-01	-1.14E+00
Retinal dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH1A2)	DME	ALDH1A2	7.25E-02	-2.14E-01	-3.49E-01
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DME	CYP1A2	4.89E-02	-3.74E-01	-6.96E-01
Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase retSDR8 (DHRS9)	DME	DHRS9	1.77E-01	-2.11E-01	-5.22E-01
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1)	DME	CYP1B1	5.37E-06	-1.40E+00	-1.52E+00
Cytochrome P450 2S1 (CYP2S1)	DME	CYP2S1	1.29E-01	-3.58E-01	-7.51E-01
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DME	CYP3A4	1.10E-01	-1.23E-01	-2.88E-01

Molecular Expression Atlas between Disease Section and Healthy Individual Tissue

References

1	URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4053).
2	Vitamin A FDA Label
3	Opportunities and challenges in antiparasitic drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2005 Sep;4(9):727-40.
4	Vitamins and cofactors: highlights of ESBOC 2009. Nat Chem Biol. 2009 Aug;5(8):530-3.
5	Biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid from all-trans-retinol: catalysis of all-trans-retinol oxidation by human P-450 cytochromes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Mar;28(3):315-22.
6	The role of inflammatory cells and cytochrome P450 in the potentiation of CCl4-induced liver injury by a single dose of retinol. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1996 Dec;141(2):507-19.
7	Carotenoids as regulators for inter-species difference in cytochrome P450 1A expression and activity in ungulates and rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Nov;48(11):3201-8.
8	Metabolism of retinoids and arachidonic acid by human and mouse cytochrome P450 1b1. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Aug;32(8):840-7.
9	Effects of arachidonic acid, prostaglandins, retinol, retinoic acid and cholecalciferol on xenobiotic oxidations catalysed by human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Xenobiotica. 1999 Mar;29(3):231-41.
10	Induction of CYP26A1 by metabolites of retinoic acid: evidence that CYP26A1 is an important enzyme in the elimination of active retinoids. Mol Pharmacol. 2015;87(3):430-41.
11	Vitamin A metabolism by dendritic cells triggers an antimicrobial response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. mSphere. 2019 Jun 5;4(3). pii: e00327-19.
12	Generation of retinaldehyde for retinoic acid biosynthesis. Biomolecules. 2019 Dec 18;10(1). pii: E5.
13	The involvement of cytochrome p450 (CYP) 26 in the retinoic acid metabolism of human epidermal keratinocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 Mar;1791(3):220-8.