Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DM0YJSB)

Drug Name
Enflurane
Synonyms
Alyrane; Efrane; Enflurano; Enfluranum; Enfran; Enlirane; Ethrane; Etran; Methylflurether; Abbott Brand of Enflurane; AstraZeneca Brand of Enflurane; Baxter Anaesthesia Brand of Enflurane; Pisa Brand of Enflurane; Zeneca Brand of Enflurane; Anesthetic 347; C 347; OHIO 347; Anesthetic Compound No. 347; Enflurane [Anaesthetics,volatile]; Enflurano [INN-Spanish]; Enfluranum [INN-Latin]; Ethrane (TN); Enflurane (JP15/USP/INN); Enflurane [USAN:BAN:INN:JAN]; Ether, 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl; (+-)-2-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether; 2-Chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether; 2-Chloro-1-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2-trifluoroethane
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [1]
Therapeutic Class
Anesthetics
Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
ATC Code
N01AB04: Enflurane
N01AB: Halogenated hydrocarbons
N01A: ANESTHETICS, GENERAL
N01: ANESTHETICS
N: NERVOUS SYSTEM
Drug Type
Small molecular drug
Structure
3D MOL 2D MOL
#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0 Molecular Weight (mw) 184.49
Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp) 2.1
Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) 3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) 6
ADMET Property
Elimination
Metabolism accounts for 5-9% of enflurane elimination [2]
Metabolism
The drug is metabolized via the CYP2E1 enzyme in the liver [3]
Chemical Identifiers
Formula
C3H2ClF5O
IUPAC Name
2-chloro-1-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2-trifluoroethane
Canonical SMILES
C(C(OC(F)F)(F)F)(F)Cl
InChI
InChI=1S/C3H2ClF5O/c4-1(5)3(8,9)10-2(6)7/h1-2H
InChIKey
JPGQOUSTVILISH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
3226
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:4792
CAS Number
13838-16-9
UNII
91I69L5AY5
DrugBank ID
DB00228
TTD ID
D0AO9S
INTEDE ID
DR0579

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug


Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Glutamate receptor AMPA (GRIA) TTAN6JD NOUNIPROTAC Suppressor [4]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)
Main DME 		DEVDYN7 CP2E1_HUMAN Substrate [5]
Cytochrome P450 2F1 (CYP2F1) DED5AT3 CP2F1_HUMAN Substrate [6]
Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

The Studied Disease Anaesthesia
ICD Disease Classification 9A78.6
Molecule Name Molecule Type Gene Name p-value Fold-Change Z-score
Glutamate receptor AMPA (GRIA) DTT NO-GeName 1.79E-04 -0.69 -0.58
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) DME CYP2E1 1.87E-04 -1.20E-01 -3.22E-01
Cytochrome P450 2F1 (CYP2F1) DME CYP2F1 2.22E-02 -5.20E-02 -3.58E-01
Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Same Disease as Enflurane
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Disease REF
Propofol DMB4OLE Moderate Additive CNS depression effects by the combination of Enflurane and Propofol. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [7]
Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Enflurane (Comorbidity)
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Comorbidity REF
Framycetin DMF8DNE Moderate Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Enflurane and Framycetin. Alcoholic liver disease [DB94] [8]
Paromomycin DM1AGXN Moderate Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Enflurane and Paromomycin. Amoebiasis [1A36] [8]
Kanamycin DM2DMPO Moderate Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Enflurane and Kanamycin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [8]
Amikacin DM5PDRB Moderate Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Enflurane and Amikacin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [8]
Streptomycin DME1LQN Moderate Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Enflurane and Streptomycin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [8]
Gentamicin DMKINJO Moderate Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Enflurane and Gentamicin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [8]
Netilmicin DMRD1QK Moderate Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Enflurane and Netilmicin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [8]
Tobramycin DMUI0CH Moderate Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Enflurane and Tobramycin. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [8]
Ceritinib DMB920Z Moderate Decreased metabolism of Enflurane caused by Ceritinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Lung cancer [2C25] [9]
Droperidol DM0DXA8 Major Increased risk of prolong QT interval by the combination of Enflurane and Droperidol. Nausea/vomiting [MD90] [10]
Plazomicin DMKMBES Moderate Increased risk of nephrotoxicity by the combination of Enflurane and Plazomicin. Urinary tract infection [GC08] [8]
⏷ Show the Full List of 11 DDI Information of This Drug

References

1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7175).
2 Dale O, Brown BR Jr: Clinical pharmacokinetics of the inhalational anaesthetics. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1987 Mar;12(3):145-67. doi: 10.2165/00003088-198712030-00001.
3 Lee A, Kuo B: Metoclopramide in the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2010;5(5):653-662.
4 Enflurane directly depresses glutamate AMPA and NMDA currents in mouse spinal cord motor neurons independent of actions on GABAA or glycine receptors. Anesthesiology. 2000 Oct;93(4):1075-84.
5 Stereoselective metabolism of enflurane by human liver cytochrome P450 2E1. Drug Metab Dispos. 1995 Dec;23(12):1426-30.
6 Clinical enflurane metabolism by cytochrome P450 2E1. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1994 Apr;55(4):434-40.
7 Gill SS, Wright EM, Reilly CS "Pharmacokinetic interaction of propofol and fentanyl: single bolus injection study." Br J Anaesth 65 (1990): 760-5. [PMID: 2265045]
8 Motuz DJ, Watson WA, Barlow JC, et al "The increase in urinary alanine aminopeptidase excretion associated with enflurane anesthesia is increased further by aminoglycosides." Anesth Analg 67 (1988): 770-4. [PMID: 2899408]
9 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
10 Canadian Pharmacists Association.