Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DMYHBKN)

Drug Name

Exenatide

Synonyms

Exenatide Synthetic; AC 2993 LAR; Ex4 peptide; Byetta (TN); Exendin 4 (Heloderma suspectum); Extendin-4; L-Serinamide

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Inflammation	1A00-CA43.1	Approved	[1]
Non-insulin dependent diabetes	5A11	Approved	[1]
Type-1/2 diabetes	5A10-5A11	Approved	[1]
Type-2 diabetes	5A11	Approved	[2]
Cardiovascular disease	BA00-BE2Z	Phase 3	[3]

Therapeutic Class

Hypoglycemic Agents

Affected Organisms

Humans and other mammals

ATC Code

A10BJ01: Exenatide

A10BJ: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues

A10B: BLOOD GLUCOSE LOWERING DRUGS, EXCL. INSULINS

A10: DRUGS USED IN DIABETES

A: ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM

A10BJ01: Exenatide

A10BJ: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues

A10B: BLOOD GLUCOSE LOWERING DRUGS, EXCL. INSULINS

A10: DRUGS USED IN DIABETES

A: ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM

Drug Type

Small molecular drug

Sequence

HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPS

Structure

3D MOL is unavailable

2D MOL

#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 5

Molecular Weight (mw)

4187

Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp)

-21

Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds)

135

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor)

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc)

ADMET Property

Absorption Tmax: The time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) is 6 h [4]
BDDCS Class: Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 1: high solubility and high permeability [5]
Clearance: The clearance of drug is 9.1 L/h []
Half-life: The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 2.4 hours [6]
Metabolism: The drug is metabolized via the dipeptidyl peptidase-4, metalloproteases, endopeptidase 24-11, amino proteases, and serine proteases [7]
MRTD: The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 0.0000682 micromolar/kg/day [8]
Vd: The volume of distribution (Vd) of drug is 28.3 L []
Water Solubility: The ability of drug to dissolve in water is measured as 25 mg/mL [5]

Chemical Identifiers

Formula: C184H282N50O60S
IUPAC Name: (4S)-5-[[2-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[2-[[2-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-amino-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-carboxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-4-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
Canonical SMILES: CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N3CCC[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N4CCC[C@H]4C(=O)N5CCC[C@H]5C(=O)N6CCC[C@H]6C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC7=CC=CC=C7)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC8=CC=CC=C8)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC9=CNC=N9)N
InChI: InChI=1S/C184H282N50O60S/c1-16-94(10)147(178(289)213-114(52-58-144(257)258)163(274)218-121(73-101-77-195-105-39-24-23-38-103(101)105)168(279)215-116(68-90(2)3)165(276)205-107(41-26-28-61-186)158(269)219-122(75-134(189)243)154(265)198-79-135(244)196-83-139(248)231-63-30-43-129(231)175(286)225-127(87-238)174(285)223-125(85-236)155(266)200-80-136(245)202-96(12)181(292)233-65-32-45-131(233)183(294)234-66-33-46-132(234)182(293)232-64-31-44-130(232)176(287)222-124(84-235)150(190)261)229-170(281)119(71-99-34-19-17-20-35-99)217-166(277)117(69-91(4)5)214-159(270)108(42-29-62-194-184(191)192)212-177(288)146(93(8)9)228-151(262)95(11)203-156(267)111(49-55-141(251)252)208-161(272)112(50-56-142(253)254)209-162(273)113(51-57-143(255)256)210-164(275)115(59-67-295-15)211-160(271)110(47-53-133(188)242)207-157(268)106(40-25-27-60-185)206-172(283)126(86-237)224-167(278)118(70-92(6)7)216-169(280)123(76-145(259)260)220-173(284)128(88-239)226-180(291)149(98(14)241)230-171(282)120(72-100-36-21-18-22-37-100)221-179(290)148(97(13)240)227-138(247)82-199-153(264)109(48-54-140(249)250)204-137(246)81-197-152(263)104(187)74-102-78-193-89-201-102/h17-24,34-39,77-78,89-98,104,106-132,146-149,195,235-241H,16,25-33,40-76,79-88,185-187H2,1-15H3,(H2,188,242)(H2,189,243)(H2,190,261)(H,193,201)(H,196,244)(H,197,263)(H,198,265)(H,199,264)(H,200,266)(H,202,245)(H,203,267)(H,204,246)(H,205,276)(H,206,283)(H,207,268)(H,208,272)(H,209,273)(H,210,275)(H,211,271)(H,212,288)(H,213,289)(H,214,270)(H,215,279)(H,216,280)(H,217,277)(H,218,274)(H,219,269)(H,220,284)(H,221,290)(H,222,287)(H,223,285)(H,224,278)(H,225,286)(H,226,291)(H,227,247)(H,228,262)(H,229,281)(H,230,282)(H,249,250)(H,251,252)(H,253,254)(H,255,256)(H,257,258)(H,259,260)(H4,191,192,194)/t94-,95-,96-,97+,98+,104-,106-,107-,108-,109-,110-,111-,112-,113-,114-,115-,116-,117-,118-,119-,120-,121-,122-,123-,124-,125-,126-,127-,128-,129-,130-,131-,132-,146-,147-,148-,149-/m0/s1
InChIKey: HTQBXNHDCUEHJF-XWLPCZSASA-N

Cross-matching ID

PubChem CID: 45588096
ChEBI ID: CHEMBL414357
CAS Number: 141758-74-9
UNII: 9P1872D4OL
DrugBank ID: DB01276
TTD ID: D00YVF
INTEDE ID: DR0676

Drug-Molecule Activity Atlas (DMA)^NEW

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Combinatorial Drugs (CBD)

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Repurposed Drugs (RPD)

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Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R)	TTVIMDE	GLP1R_HUMAN	Binder	[9]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4)_{Main DME}	DEKZQY6	DPP4_HUMAN	Substrate	[10]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Interaction	REF
Albumin (ALB)	OTVMM513	ALBU_HUMAN	Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes	[11]

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)

MIA Detail

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Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

The Studied Disease

Inflammation

ICD Disease Classification

1A00-CA43.1

Molecule Name	Molecule Type	Gene Name	p-value	Fold-Change	Z-score
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R)	DTT	GLP1R	1.25E-01	0.17	1.26
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4)	DME	DPP4	9.54E-01	-2.74E-01	-1.85E+00

Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA)

MEA Detail

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References

1	Exenatide FDA Label
2	Emerging drugs for obesity: linking novel biological mechanisms to pharmaceutical pipelines. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2005 Aug;10(3):643-60.
3	Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
4	FDA Approved Drug Product: NUPLAZID (pimavanserin) for oral use
5	BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs
6	Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
7	Skellern GG, Knight BI, Low CK, Alexander WD, McLarty DG, Kalk WJ: The pharmacokinetics of methimazole after oral administration of carbimazole and methimazole, in hyperthyroid patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1980 Feb;9(2):137-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1980.tb05823.x.
8	Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
9	Improved glycemic control and reduction of cardiometabolic risk factors in subjects with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome treated with exenatide in a clinical practice setting. Diabetes TechnolTher. 2009 Jun;11(6):353-9.
10	In vitro metabolic stability of exendin-4: pharmacokinetics and identification of cleavage products. PLoS One. 2015 Feb 27;10(2):e0116805.
11	Biochemical, pharmaceutical and therapeutic properties of long-acting lithocholic acid derivatized exendin-4 analogs. J Control Release. 2010 Mar 3;142(2):206-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.10.025. Epub 2009 Nov 10.