| DTT Name |
HUMAN tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
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| Synonyms |
Tumour necrosis factor alpha; Tumour necrosis factor; Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2; TNFalpha; TNFSF2; TNFA; TNF-alpha; TNF-a; TNF alpha; Cachectin |
| Gene Name |
TNF
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| BioChemical Class |
Cytokine: tumor necrosis factor
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| UniProt ID |
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| TTD ID |
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| 3D Structure |
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| Sequence |
MSTESMIRDVELAEEALPKKTGGPQGSRRCLFLSLFSFLIVAGATTLFCLLHFGVIGPQR
EEFPRDLSLISPLAQAVRSSSRTPSDKPVAHVVANPQAEGQLQWLNRRANALLANGVELR
DNQLVVPSEGLYLIYSQVLFKGQGCPSTHVLLTHTISRIAVSYQTKVNLLSAIKSPCQRE
TPEGAEAKPWYEPIYLGGVFQLEKGDRLSAEINRPDYLDFAESGQVYFGIIAL
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| Function |
It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Impairs regulatory T-cells (Treg) function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis via FOXP3 dephosphorylation. Upregulates the expression of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which dephosphorylates the key 'Ser-418' residue of FOXP3, thereby inactivating FOXP3 and rendering Treg cells functionally defective. Key mediator of cell death in the anticancer action of BCG-stimulated neutrophils in combination with DIABLO/SMAC mimetic in the RT4v6 bladder cancer cell line. Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces GKAP42 protein degradation in adipocytes which is partially responsible for TNF-induced insulin resistance. Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR.
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| KEGG Pathway |
- Antifolate resistance (hsa01523 )
- MAPK signaling pathway (hsa04010 )
- Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (hsa04060 )
- Viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor (hsa04061 )
- NF-kappa B signaling pathway (hsa04064 )
- Sphingolipid signaling pathway (hsa04071 )
- mTOR signaling pathway (hsa04150 )
- Apoptosis (hsa04210 )
- Necroptosis (hsa04217 )
- TGF-beta signaling pathway (hsa04350 )
- Osteoclast differentiation (hsa04380 )
- Antigen processing and presentation (hsa04612 )
- Toll-like receptor signaling pathway (hsa04620 )
- NOD-like receptor signaling pathway (hsa04621 )
- RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway (hsa04622 )
- C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway (hsa04625 )
- Hematopoietic cell lineage (hsa04640 )
- Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity (hsa04650 )
- IL-17 signaling pathway (hsa04657 )
- T cell receptor signaling pathway (hsa04660 )
- Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway (hsa04664 )
- TNF signaling pathway (hsa04668 )
- Adipocytokine signaling pathway (hsa04920 )
- Type II diabetes mellitus (hsa04930 )
- Insulin resistance (hsa04931 )
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (hsa04932 )
- AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications (hsa04933 )
- Alcoholic liver disease (hsa04936 )
- Type I diabetes mellitus (hsa04940 )
- Alzheimer disease (hsa05010 )
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (hsa05014 )
- Prion disease (hsa05020 )
- Pathways of neurodegeneration - multiple diseases (hsa05022 )
- Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection (hsa05130 )
- Shigellosis (hsa05131 )
- Salmonella infection (hsa05132 )
- Pertussis (hsa05133 )
- Legionellosis (hsa05134 )
- Yersinia infection (hsa05135 )
- Leishmaniasis (hsa05140 )
- Chagas disease (hsa05142 )
- African trypanosomiasis (hsa05143 )
- Malaria (hsa05144 )
- Toxoplasmosis (hsa05145 )
- Amoebiasis (hsa05146 )
- Tuberculosis (hsa05152 )
- Hepatitis C (hsa05160 )
- Hepatitis B (hsa05161 )
- Human cytomegalovirus infection (hsa05163 )
- Influenza A (hsa05164 )
- Human papillomavirus infection (hsa05165 )
- Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection (hsa05166 )
- Herpes simplex virus 1 infection (hsa05168 )
- Epstein-Barr virus infection (hsa05169 )
- Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection (hsa05170 )
- Coronavirus disease - COVID-19 (hsa05171 )
- Proteoglycans in cancer (hsa05205 )
- Asthma (hsa05310 )
- Inflammatory bowel disease (hsa05321 )
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (hsa05322 )
- Rheumatoid arthritis (hsa05323 )
- Allograft rejection (hsa05330 )
- Graft-versus-host disease (hsa05332 )
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (hsa05410 )
- Dilated cardiomyopathy (hsa05414 )
- Lipid and atherosclerosis (hsa05417 )
- Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis (hsa05418 )
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| Reactome Pathway |
- TNFR1-induced proapoptotic signaling (R-HSA-5357786 )
- Regulation of TNFR1 signaling (R-HSA-5357905 )
- TNFR1-induced NFkappaB signaling pathway (R-HSA-5357956 )
- TNFR1-mediated ceramide production (R-HSA-5626978 )
- TNFR2 non-canonical NF-kB pathway (R-HSA-5668541 )
- Interleukin-10 signaling (R-HSA-6783783 )
- Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling (R-HSA-6785807 )
- TNF signaling (R-HSA-75893 )
- Transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation (R-HSA-381340 )
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