Details of Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

General Information of Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME) (ID: DE08Z3W)

DME Name Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (PLA2G4A)
Synonyms Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase; Phospholipase A2; Phospholipase A2 group IVA; Lysophospholipase; PLA2G4; PLA2G4A; CPLA2; cPLA2
Gene Name PLA2G4A
UniProt ID
PA24A_HUMAN
INTEDE ID
DME0225
3D Structure
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2D Sequence (FASTA)
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3D Structure (PDB)
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Gene ID
5321
EC Number EC: 3.1.1.4
Hydrolases
Ester bond hydrolase
Carboxylic ester hydrolase
EC: 3.1.1.4
Lineage Species: Homo sapiens
Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Homo sapiens
Sequence
MSFIDPYQHIIVEHQYSHKFTVVVLRATKVTKGAFGDMLDTPDPYVELFISTTPDSRKRT
RHFNNDINPVWNETFEFILDPNQENVLEITLMDANYVMDETLGTATFTVSSMKVGEKKEV
PFIFNQVTEMVLEMSLEVCSCPDLRFSMALCDQEKTFRQQRKEHIRESMKKLLGPKNSEG
LHSARDVPVVAILGSGGGFRAMVGFSGVMKALYESGILDCATYVAGLSGSTWYMSTLYSH
PDFPEKGPEEINEELMKNVSHNPLLLLTPQKVKRYVESLWKKKSSGQPVTFTDIFGMLIG
ETLIHNRMNTTLSSLKEKVNTAQCPLPLFTCLHVKPDVSELMFADWVEFSPYEIGMAKYG
TFMAPDLFGSKFFMGTVVKKYEENPLHFLMGVWGSAFSILFNRVLGVSGSQSRGSTMEEE
LENITTKHIVSNDSSDSDDESHEPKGTENEDAGSDYQSDNQASWIHRMIMALVSDSALFN
TREGRAGKVHNFMLGLNLNTSYPLSPLSDFATQDSFDDDELDAAVADPDEFERIYEPLDV
KSKKIHVVDSGLTFNLPYPLILRPQRGVDLIISFDFSARPSDSSPPFKELLLAEKWAKMN
KLPFPKIDPYVFDREGLKECYVFKPKNPDMEKDCPTIIHFVLANINFRKYRAPGVPRETE
EEKEIADFDIFDDPESPFSTFNFQYPNQAFKRLHDLMHFNTLNNIDVIKEAMVESIEYRR
QNPSRCSVSLSNVEARRFFNKEFLSKPKA
Function This enzyme selectively hydrolyzes arachidonyl phospholipids in the sn-2 position releasing arachidonic acid.
KEGG Pathway
Arachidonic acid metabolism (hsa00590 )
Choline metabolism in cancer (hsa05231 )
Ether lipid metabolism (hsa00565 )
Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway (hsa04664 )
Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis (hsa04666 )
Glutamatergic synapse (hsa04724 )
Glycerophospholipid metabolism (hsa00564 )
GnRH signaling pathway (hsa04912 )
Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels (hsa04750 )
Linoleic acid metabolism (hsa00591 )
Long-term depression (hsa04730 )
MAPK signaling pathway (hsa04010 )
Metabolic pathways (hsa01100 )
Necroptosis (hsa04217 )
Ovarian steroidogenesis (hsa04913 )
Oxytocin signaling pathway (hsa04921 )
Phospholipase D signaling pathway (hsa04072 )
Platelet activation (hsa04611 )
Ras signaling pathway (hsa04014 )
Serotonergic synapse (hsa04726 )
VEGF signaling pathway (hsa04370 )
Vascular smooth muscle contraction (hsa04270 )
alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism (hsa00592 )
Reactome Pathway
Acyl chain remodeling of CL (R-HSA-1482798 )
Acyl chain remodelling of PC (R-HSA-1482788 )
Acyl chain remodelling of PE (R-HSA-1482839 )
Acyl chain remodelling of PG (R-HSA-1482925 )
Acyl chain remodelling of PI (R-HSA-1482922 )
Acyl chain remodelling of PS (R-HSA-1482801 )
Arachidonic acid metabolism (R-HSA-2142753 )
COPI-independent Golgi-to-ER retrograde traffic (R-HSA-6811436 )
Hydrolysis of LPC (R-HSA-1483115 )
Platelet sensitization by LDL (R-HSA-432142 )
Synthesis of PA (R-HSA-1483166 )
phospho-PLA2 pathway (R-HSA-111995 )
ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 (R-HSA-418592 )

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This DME

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This DME
1 Approved Drug(s) Metabolized by This DME
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Urethane DM7NSI0 N. A. N. A. Phase 4 [11]

Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) of This DME

Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This DME
Disease Name ICD 11 Studied Tissue p-value Fold-Change Z-score
Acute myelocytic leukaemia 2B33.1 Bone marrow 2.20E-03 9.91E-02 1.15E-01
Alopecia ED70 Skin from scalp 1.18E-03 -2.21E-01 -6.08E-01
Alzheimer's disease 8A20 Entorhinal cortex 2.07E-01 1.06E-01 1.92E-01
Ankylosing spondylitis FA92.0 Pheripheral blood 3.91E-01 -1.06E-01 -4.28E-01
Aortic stenosis BB70 Calcified aortic valve 4.75E-01 -6.61E-01 -3.35E-01
Apnea 7A40 Hyperplastic tonsil 6.27E-02 -4.31E-01 -3.83E-01
Arthropathy FA00-FA5Z Peripheral blood 1.35E-01 3.06E-01 8.84E-01
Asthma CA23 Nasal and bronchial airway 1.07E-07 1.62E+00 1.06E+00
Atopic dermatitis EA80 Skin 1.01E-04 -2.79E-01 -9.93E-01
Autism 6A02 Whole blood 4.99E-02 3.39E-01 4.83E-01
Autoimmune uveitis 9A96 Peripheral monocyte 3.54E-01 5.05E-01 7.89E-01
Autosomal dominant monocytopenia 4B04 Whole blood 2.27E-02 5.85E-01 1.51E+00
Bacterial infection of gingival 1C1H Gingival tissue 6.13E-05 -2.13E-01 -4.92E-01
Batten disease 5C56.1 Whole blood 5.97E-01 -8.82E-02 -1.41E-01
Behcet's disease 4A62 Peripheral blood 1.75E-01 3.46E-01 4.41E-01
Bipolar disorder 6A60-6A6Z Prefrontal cortex 1.18E-01 -3.20E-01 -5.34E-01
Bladder cancer 2C94 Bladder tissue 6.66E-25 -2.35E+00 -1.23E+01
Breast cancer 2C60-2C6Z Breast tissue 2.16E-74 -2.17E+00 -1.82E+00
Cardioembolic stroke 8B11.20 Whole blood 6.24E-06 5.86E-01 1.20E+00
Cervical cancer 2C77 Cervical tissue 2.82E-01 -1.04E-01 -1.65E-01
Childhood onset rheumatic disease FA20.Z Peripheral blood 9.01E-01 1.90E-01 2.31E-01
Chronic hepatitis C 1E51.1 Whole blood 5.13E-01 -2.35E-01 -3.21E-01
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 Lung tissue 5.68E-01 -3.86E-01 -5.29E-01
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 Small airway epithelium 5.50E-01 7.52E-02 9.23E-02
Chronic rhinosinusitis CA0A Sinus mucosa tissue 2.04E-02 5.49E-01 6.66E-01
Colon cancer 2B90 Colon tissue 3.81E-08 -7.11E-01 -1.11E+00
Coronary artery disease BA80-BA8Z Peripheral blood 7.73E-01 -3.74E-01 -5.76E-01
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 2A81 Tonsil tissue 8.47E-01 2.68E-02 1.67E-01
Endometriosis GA10 Endometrium tissue 4.32E-06 -2.13E+00 -1.40E+00
Familial hypercholesterolemia 5C80.00 Peripheral blood 1.99E-01 -1.37E-01 -4.21E-01
Familial hypercholesterolemia 5C80.00 Whole blood 1.08E-15 2.50E+00 1.92E+00
Gastric cancer 2B72 Gastric tissue 1.96E-01 1.35E+00 1.09E+00
Glioblastopma 2A00.00 Nervous tissue 2.64E-62 1.14E+00 1.44E+00
Glioma 2A00.0Y-2A00.0Z Brain stem tissue 6.21E-01 3.07E-01 4.17E-01
Glioma 2A00.0Y-2A00.0Z White matter tissue 3.06E-02 2.41E+00 1.64E+00
Head and neck cancer 2D42 Head and neck tissue 6.98E-04 -6.61E-01 -6.88E-01
HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment 8A2Y-8A2Z White matter tissue 3.65E-02 1.39E-01 3.67E-01
Huntington's disease 8A01.10 Whole blood 6.29E-01 -1.26E-01 -5.29E-01
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis CB03.4 Lung tissue 4.48E-02 7.59E-01 1.30E+00
Immunodeficiency 4A00-4A20 Peripheral blood 4.10E-01 1.31E-02 2.52E-01
Influenza 1E30 Whole blood 8.53E-01 1.03E-01 9.87E-02
Interstitial cystitis GC00.3 Bladder tissue 2.58E-04 -1.10E+00 -3.62E+00
Intracranial aneurysm 8B01.0 Intracranial artery 1.23E-02 7.60E-01 9.43E-01
Irritable bowel syndrome DD91.0 Rectal colon tissue 2.63E-02 -1.70E-01 -3.37E-01
Ischemic stroke 8B11 Peripheral blood 3.82E-01 -5.49E-01 -5.26E-01
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis FA24 Peripheral blood 6.91E-01 -5.09E-02 -1.08E-01
Lateral sclerosis 8B60.4 Skin 5.91E-01 -2.69E-01 -3.17E-01
Lateral sclerosis 8B60.4 Cervical spinal cord 2.14E-01 4.19E-02 4.31E-02
Liver cancer 2C12.0 Liver tissue 2.71E-01 -2.05E-01 -2.99E-01
Liver failure DB99.7-DB99.8 Liver tissue 3.72E-02 7.86E-01 9.91E-01
Lung cancer 2C25 Lung tissue 2.96E-22 5.91E-01 9.40E-01
Lupus erythematosus 4A40 Whole blood 1.65E-08 7.11E-01 7.30E-01
Major depressive disorder 6A70-6A7Z Hippocampus 7.21E-01 -2.26E-01 -3.86E-01
Major depressive disorder 6A70-6A7Z Whole blood 3.37E-01 2.52E-03 4.27E-03
Melanoma 2C30 Skin 2.80E-01 -3.30E-01 -2.24E-01
Multiple myeloma 2A83.1 Peripheral blood 6.47E-01 -2.78E-03 -6.98E-03
Multiple myeloma 2A83.1 Bone marrow 1.04E-04 1.24E+00 2.47E+00
Multiple sclerosis 8A40 Plasmacytoid dendritic cells 9.67E-01 1.33E-01 4.75E-01
Myelodysplastic syndrome 2A36-2A3Z Bone marrow 5.70E-05 7.32E-01 7.16E-01
Myelofibrosis 2A20.2 Whole blood 1.19E-04 4.70E-01 1.31E+00
Myocardial infarction BA41-BA50 Peripheral blood 3.02E-03 1.04E+00 1.04E+00
Myopathy 8C70.6 Muscle tissue 1.29E-03 1.10E+00 2.25E+00
Neonatal sepsis KA60 Whole blood 7.97E-27 1.34E+00 2.32E+00
Neuroectodermal tumour 2A00.11 Brain stem tissue 2.02E-03 8.56E-01 1.14E+00
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease DB92 Liver tissue 8.01E-01 -2.54E-02 -1.36E-01
Obesity related type 2 diabetes 5A11 Omental adipose tissue 2.61E-01 -3.80E-02 -6.51E-02
Olive pollen allergy CA08.00 Peripheral blood 7.09E-01 -2.63E-01 -2.28E-01
Oral cancer 2B6E Oral tissue 6.89E-01 1.66E-01 1.48E-01
Osteoarthritis FA00-FA0Z Synovial tissue 6.76E-01 1.76E-01 1.18E-01
Osteoporosis FB83.1 Bone marrow 5.32E-01 -9.77E-01 -7.74E-01
Ovarian cancer 2C73 Ovarian tissue 5.30E-01 -3.47E-01 -2.55E-01
Pancreatic cancer 2C10 Pancreas 3.63E-02 4.42E-01 4.62E-01
Parkinson's disease 8A00.0 Substantia nigra tissue 9.63E-01 1.79E-01 3.23E-01
Pediatric respiratory syncytial virus infection CA40.11 Peripheral blood 1.03E-06 1.80E+00 2.24E+00
Pituitary cancer 2D12 Pituitary tissue 9.07E-01 -5.36E-02 -6.10E-02
Pituitary gonadotrope tumour 2D12 Pituitary tissue 6.15E-01 -3.51E-01 -4.54E-01
Polycystic ovary syndrome 5A80.1 Vastus lateralis muscle 1.90E-01 4.59E-02 4.12E-01
Polycythemia vera 2A20.4 Whole blood 4.45E-05 3.95E-01 1.03E+00
Pompe disease 5C51.3 Biceps muscle 3.42E-02 -3.69E-01 -8.22E-01
Preterm birth KA21.4Z Myometrium 1.75E-01 4.28E-01 5.29E-01
Prostate cancer 2C82 Prostate 6.33E-01 -1.44E-01 -1.12E-01
Psoriasis EA90 Skin 8.58E-05 -2.34E-01 -4.34E-01
Rectal cancer 2B92 Rectal colon tissue 2.27E-03 -1.27E+00 -2.53E+00
Renal cancer 2C90-2C91 Kidney 2.27E-01 -7.34E-01 -7.05E-01
Retinoblastoma 2D02.2 Uvea 1.46E-04 1.70E+00 3.04E+00
Rheumatoid arthritis FA20 Synovial tissue 2.64E-01 3.22E-01 3.87E-01
Rhinovirus infection CA42.1 Nasal epithelium tissue 5.40E-01 -1.08E-01 -3.71E-01
Schizophrenia 6A20 Prefrontal cortex 2.44E-01 -3.35E-01 -3.66E-01
Schizophrenia 6A20 Superior temporal cortex 4.40E-01 5.75E-02 3.59E-01
Scleroderma 4A42.Z Whole blood 1.20E-04 5.97E-01 1.96E+00
Seizure 8A60-8A6Z Whole blood 8.03E-01 5.17E-01 5.84E-01
Sensitive skin EK0Z Skin 6.95E-01 7.82E-02 2.84E-01
Sepsis with septic shock 1G41 Whole blood 2.12E-49 1.14E+00 1.82E+00
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome 3A70.0 Bone marrow 6.11E-01 -1.19E-01 -1.35E-01
Sickle cell disease 3A51.0-3A51.3 Peripheral blood 1.21E-03 1.42E+00 1.83E+00
Simpson golabi behmel syndrome LD2C Adipose tissue 2.66E-01 -6.16E-01 -8.13E-01
Sjogren's syndrome 4A43.2 Salivary gland tissue 9.35E-01 5.79E-02 1.74E-01
Skin cancer 2C30-2C3Z Skin 3.39E-08 -3.22E-01 -6.21E-01
Thrombocythemia 3B63 Whole blood 5.52E-01 1.01E-01 2.83E-01
Thrombocytopenia 3B64 Whole blood 2.07E-01 3.64E-01 8.76E-01
Thyroid cancer 2D10 Thyroid 8.21E-02 1.19E-01 2.12E-01
Tibial muscular dystrophy 8C75 Muscle tissue 2.00E-05 1.44E+00 2.27E+00
Tuberous sclerosis complex LD2D.2 Perituberal tissue 3.58E-01 1.52E-01 3.41E-01
Type 2 diabetes 5A11 Liver tissue 4.19E-01 3.05E-01 9.04E-01
Ureter cancer 2C92 Urothelium 8.55E-01 1.99E-02 1.36E-01
Uterine cancer 2C78 Endometrium tissue 1.94E-01 -3.19E-01 -2.80E-01
Vitiligo ED63.0 Skin 2.36E-02 2.01E-01 1.06E+00
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⏷ Show the Full List of DME Expression Under 107 Diseases

The Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT) Role of This DME

DME DTT Name Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (GIVA cPLA2) DTT Info
DME DTT Type Clinical trial
1 Clinical Trial Drug(s) Targeting This DTT
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
ZPL521 DMPZE2G Atopic dermatitis EA80 Phase 1/2 [1]
1 Discontinued Drug(s) Targeting This DTT
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
EFIPLADIB DMJ0A5U Asthma CA23 Terminated [2]
44 Investigative Drug(s) Targeting This DTT
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
(S)-Ethyl 6-(2-oxohexadecanamido)decanoate DMFSXTJ Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [3]
(S)-Methyl 4-(2-oxohexadecanamido)octanoate DM8H0ND Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [3]
(S)-tert-Butyl 4-(2-oxohexadecanamido)pentanoate DMLG8Q2 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [3]
(Z)-1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluorohenicos-12-en-4-one DMSVBZO Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [4]
1,1,1,2,2,3,3,5-octafluoro-8-phenyloctan-4-one DMWHN2J Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [4]
1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-8-phenyloctan-4-ol DM45NF1 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [4]
1,1,1,2,2,4-hexafluoro-7-phenylheptan-3-one DMN68K4 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [4]
1,1,1,2,2-Pentafluoro-8-phenyl-octan-3-one DM7U8LD Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [5]
1,1,1,2,2-Pentafluoro-9-phenyl-nonan-3-one DMSEHNV Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [5]
1,1,1,3-Tetrafluoro-6-phenylhexan-2-one DMLDH4Z Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [4]
1,1,1,3-Tetrafluoro-7-phenylheptan-2-one DMV0CXN Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [4]
1,1,1,3-Tetrafluoro-heptadecan-2-one DMD36WS Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [5]
1,1,1-Trifluoro-4-(4-hexyloxy-phenyl)-butan-2-one DMODCAM Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [5]
1,1,1-Trifluoro-5-(4-octylphenoxy)pentan-2-one DMI2XWY Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [4]
1,1,1-Trifluoro-6-(4-hexyloxy-phenyl)-hexan-2-one DMCAQ5T Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [5]
1,1,1-Trifluoro-6-(naphthalen-2-yl)hexan-2-one DMZ2VE3 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [4]
1,1,1-Trifluoro-7-phenylheptan-2-one DMLHVWP Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [5]
1,1,1-Trifluoro-8-phenyl-octan-2-one DMYENI7 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [5]
1,1,1-trifluoroheptadecan-2-one DMB5U3P Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [5]
1-Imidazol-1-yl-3-(4-octylphenoxy)propan-2-one DM3JHVL Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [6]
4-(2-oxohexadecanamido)butanoic acid DMBMJC5 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [7]
4-(4-Decyloxy-phenyl)-1,1,1-trifluoro-butan-2-one DMCDKHJ Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [5]
6-(4-Decyloxy-phenyl)-1,1,1-trifluoro-hexan-2-one DMYQB5R Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [5]
Allyl 4-(2-oxohexadecanamido)butanoate DM8R5AS Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [3]
AR-C70484XX DMU3A57 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [6]
ARACHIDONYL TRIFLUOROMETHYLKETONE DMHL48F Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [8]
AX-006 DMDWCY7 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [9]
AX-048 DMIDXSN Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [9]
ECOPLADIB DMWKS29 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [2]
Ethyl 2-(2-oxohexadecanamido)acetate DM762HQ Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [3]
Ethyl 4-(2-oxohexadecanamido)benzoate DMB12M7 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [3]
Methyl 2-(2-oxo-8-phenyloctanamido)acetate DMBKU9M Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [3]
Methyl 2-(2-oxohexadecanamido)acetate DMVYGBU Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [3]
Methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate DMAXEH3 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [8]
N-(4-Ethoxybutyl)-2-oxohexadecanamide DM012TN Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [3]
Tert-Butyl 2-(2-oxohexadecanamido)acetate DMWQFY6 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [3]
Tert-Butyl 3-(2-oxo-8-phenyloctanamido)propanoate DMNU9WV Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [3]
Tert-Butyl 3-(2-oxohexadecanamido)propanoate DMYQXPB Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [3]
Tert-Butyl 5-(2-oxohexadecanamido)pentanoate DM1ALTR Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [3]
WAY-196025 DMNH0CM Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [2]
[3,4''']biflavone DMHU4NS Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [10]
[4',4''']-biflavone DM7JSQL Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [10]
[6,3''']biflavone DMA9PW7 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [10]
[6,4''']biflavone DMVOX4L Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [10]
⏷ Show the Full List of 44 Investigative Drug(s)

References

1 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
2 Reactions of functionalized sulfonamides: application to lowering the lipophilicity of cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha inhibitors. J Med Chem. 2009 Feb 26;52(4):1156-71.
3 Structure-activity relationships of natural and non-natural amino acid-based amide and 2-oxoamide inhibitors of human phospholipase A(2) enzymes. Bioorg Med Chem. 2008 Dec 15;16(24):10257-69.
4 Potent and selective fluoroketone inhibitors of group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2. J Med Chem. 2010 May 13;53(9):3602-10.
5 Synthesis of polyfluoro ketones for selective inhibition of human phospholipase A2 enzymes. J Med Chem. 2008 Dec 25;51(24):8027-37.
6 1-Indol-1-yl-propan-2-ones and related heterocyclic compounds as dual inhibitors of cytosolic phospholipase A(2)alpha and fatty acid amide hydrolase. Bioorg Med Chem. 2010 Jan 15;18(2):945-52.
7 Discovery of Ecopladib, an indole inhibitor of cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha. J Med Chem. 2007 Mar 22;50(6):1380-400.
8 85-kDa cPLA(2) plays a critical role in PPAR-mediated gene transcription in human hepatoma cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2002 Apr;282(4):G586-97.
9 2-Oxoamide inhibitors of phospholipase A2 activity and cellular arachidonate release based on dipeptides and pseudodipeptides. Bioorg Med Chem. 2009 Jul 1;17(13):4833-43.
10 Inhibitory effect of synthetic C-C biflavones on various phospholipase A(2)s activity. Bioorg Med Chem. 2007 Nov 15;15(22):7138-43.
11 Phospholipase A2 pathway association with macrophage-mediated polycarbonate-urethane biodegradation. Biomaterials. 2005 Jun;26(18):3881-9.