Details of Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

General Information of Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME) (ID: DE5UC73)

DME Name Glutamine synthetase (GLUL)
Synonyms Palmitoyltransferase GLUL; Glutamate--ammonia ligase; GLNS; GLUL; GS
Gene Name GLUL
UniProt ID
GLNA_HUMAN
INTEDE ID
DME0418
3D Structure
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2D Sequence (FASTA)
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3D Structure (PDB)
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Gene ID
2752
EC Number EC: 6.3.1.2
Ligase
Carbon-nitrogen ligase
Amide synthase
EC: 6.3.1.2
Lineage Species: Homo sapiens
Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Homo sapiens
Sequence
MTTSASSHLNKGIKQVYMSLPQGEKVQAMYIWIDGTGEGLRCKTRTLDSEPKCVEELPEW
NFDGSSTLQSEGSNSDMYLVPAAMFRDPFRKDPNKLVLCEVFKYNRRPAETNLRHTCKRI
MDMVSNQHPWFGMEQEYTLMGTDGHPFGWPSNGFPGPQGPYYCGVGADRAYGRDIVEAHY
RACLYAGVKIAGTNAEVMPAQWEFQIGPCEGISMGDHLWVARFILHRVCEDFGVIATFDP
KPIPGNWNGAGCHTNFSTKAMREENGLKYIEEAIEKLSKRHQYHIRAYDPKGGLDNARRL
TGFHETSNINDFSAGVANRSASIRIPRTVGQEKKGYFEDRRPSANCDPFSVTEALIRTCL
LNETGDEPFQYKN
Function
This enzyme catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of glutamate and ammonia to glutamine. Its role depends on tissue localization: in the brain, it regulates the levels of toxic ammonia and converts neurotoxic glutamate to harmless glutamine, whereas in the liver, it is one of the enzymes responsible for the removal of ammonia.
KEGG Pathway
Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism (hsa00250 )
Arginine biosynthesis (hsa00220 )
Biosynthesis of amino acids (hsa01230 )
GABAergic synapse (hsa04727 )
Glutamatergic synapse (hsa04724 )
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism (hsa00630 )
Metabolic pathways (hsa01100 )
Necroptosis (hsa04217 )
Nitrogen metabolism (hsa00910 )
Reactome Pathway
Glutamate and glutamine metabolism (R-HSA-8964539 )
Astrocytic Glutamate-Glutamine Uptake And Metabolism (R-HSA-210455 )

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This DME

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This DME
1 Approved Drug(s) Metabolized by This DME
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Ammonia DMOEVK6 Coronary artery disease BA80 Approved [2]

Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) of This DME

Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This DME
Disease Name ICD 11 Studied Tissue p-value Fold-Change Z-score
Acute myelocytic leukaemia 2B33.1 Bone marrow 1.25E-06 4.62E-01 5.09E-01
Alopecia ED70 Skin from scalp 7.87E-01 -5.68E-02 -1.33E-01
Alzheimer's disease 8A20 Entorhinal cortex 1.70E-03 1.52E-01 2.47E-01
Ankylosing spondylitis FA92.0 Pheripheral blood 3.22E-01 1.38E-01 3.75E-01
Aortic stenosis BB70 Calcified aortic valve 7.44E-01 4.37E-01 4.74E-01
Apnea 7A40 Hyperplastic tonsil 3.36E-01 1.49E+00 1.08E+00
Arthropathy FA00-FA5Z Peripheral blood 9.18E-02 2.73E-01 5.37E-01
Asthma CA23 Nasal and bronchial airway 6.03E-03 -8.45E-02 -7.05E-02
Atopic dermatitis EA80 Skin 7.04E-01 -2.63E-01 -2.64E-01
Autism 6A02 Whole blood 5.18E-02 -2.06E-01 -5.08E-01
Autoimmune uveitis 9A96 Peripheral monocyte 1.04E-01 -9.40E-01 -1.25E+00
Autosomal dominant monocytopenia 4B04 Whole blood 3.09E-01 -1.59E-01 -4.73E-01
Bacterial infection of gingival 1C1H Gingival tissue 3.57E-05 4.04E-01 5.64E-01
Batten disease 5C56.1 Whole blood 7.24E-01 5.34E-02 1.45E-01
Behcet's disease 4A62 Peripheral blood 4.01E-01 4.27E-02 1.01E-01
Bipolar disorder 6A60-6A6Z Prefrontal cortex 5.19E-01 5.73E-02 1.01E-01
Bladder cancer 2C94 Bladder tissue 6.43E-06 -1.57E+00 -3.60E+00
Breast cancer 2C60-2C6Z Breast tissue 1.85E-08 4.72E-01 4.41E-01
Cardioembolic stroke 8B11.20 Whole blood 7.30E-01 -6.00E-02 -1.52E-01
Cervical cancer 2C77 Cervical tissue 8.48E-01 -1.73E-02 -1.95E-02
Childhood onset rheumatic disease FA20.Z Peripheral blood 5.96E-01 4.90E-01 3.73E-01
Chronic hepatitis C 1E51.1 Whole blood 6.51E-01 -6.73E-02 -1.68E-01
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 Lung tissue 3.00E-01 6.58E-02 8.57E-02
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 Small airway epithelium 7.13E-06 -5.03E-01 -7.95E-01
Chronic rhinosinusitis CA0A Sinus mucosa tissue 1.95E-01 -8.08E-01 -9.03E-01
Colon cancer 2B90 Colon tissue 9.62E-04 -2.40E-01 -3.31E-01
Coronary artery disease BA80-BA8Z Peripheral blood 2.36E-02 5.62E-01 1.80E+00
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 2A81 Tonsil tissue 8.58E-01 -2.29E-02 -8.69E-02
Endometriosis GA10 Endometrium tissue 1.09E-02 5.00E-01 8.08E-01
Familial hypercholesterolemia 5C80.00 Peripheral blood 1.55E-03 -1.15E+00 -3.12E+00
Familial hypercholesterolemia 5C80.00 Whole blood 1.34E-07 -1.67E+00 -2.53E+00
Gastric cancer 2B72 Gastric tissue 2.15E-01 -1.64E+00 -1.15E+00
Glioblastopma 2A00.00 Nervous tissue 1.29E-22 -9.37E-01 -7.86E-01
Glioma 2A00.0Y-2A00.0Z Brain stem tissue 6.34E-03 4.77E-01 2.11E+01
Glioma 2A00.0Y-2A00.0Z White matter tissue 8.29E-02 4.58E-01 4.50E-01
Head and neck cancer 2D42 Head and neck tissue 7.71E-06 -8.91E-01 -7.27E-01
HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment 8A2Y-8A2Z White matter tissue 6.08E-01 -7.18E-02 -9.58E-02
Huntington's disease 8A01.10 Whole blood 7.05E-02 2.38E-01 4.34E-01
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis CB03.4 Lung tissue 5.48E-02 -6.81E-01 -1.10E+00
Immunodeficiency 4A00-4A20 Peripheral blood 7.25E-01 3.47E-02 2.26E-01
Influenza 1E30 Whole blood 2.35E-01 -4.63E-01 -1.54E+00
Interstitial cystitis GC00.3 Bladder tissue 3.97E-02 -4.97E-01 -1.28E+00
Intracranial aneurysm 8B01.0 Intracranial artery 5.86E-02 1.53E+00 1.34E+00
Irritable bowel syndrome DD91.0 Rectal colon tissue 2.21E-01 -3.83E-01 -6.27E-01
Ischemic stroke 8B11 Peripheral blood 9.99E-01 -3.80E-02 -7.96E-02
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis FA24 Peripheral blood 7.58E-01 2.74E-01 1.80E-01
Lateral sclerosis 8B60.4 Skin 4.11E-01 1.60E-01 5.24E-01
Lateral sclerosis 8B60.4 Cervical spinal cord 6.22E-01 2.14E-01 2.69E-01
Liver cancer 2C12.0 Liver tissue 3.10E-10 8.38E-01 9.36E-01
Liver failure DB99.7-DB99.8 Liver tissue 9.58E-03 5.25E-01 1.19E+00
Lung cancer 2C25 Lung tissue 1.62E-05 -3.70E-01 -4.54E-01
Lupus erythematosus 4A40 Whole blood 8.31E-01 -3.63E-01 -2.19E-01
Major depressive disorder 6A70-6A7Z Hippocampus 7.84E-02 -2.30E-01 -3.95E-01
Major depressive disorder 6A70-6A7Z Whole blood 4.77E-01 1.83E-01 2.53E-01
Melanoma 2C30 Skin 1.25E-01 5.18E-01 4.74E-01
Multiple myeloma 2A83.1 Peripheral blood 9.00E-01 2.07E-01 3.39E-01
Multiple myeloma 2A83.1 Bone marrow 4.29E-01 -4.43E-01 -3.84E-01
Multiple sclerosis 8A40 Plasmacytoid dendritic cells 1.68E-02 1.51E+00 1.71E+00
Myelodysplastic syndrome 2A36-2A3Z Bone marrow 2.15E-01 -8.10E-02 -1.01E-01
Myelofibrosis 2A20.2 Whole blood 1.56E-02 4.93E-01 1.50E+00
Myocardial infarction BA41-BA50 Peripheral blood 4.48E-04 2.05E+00 8.81E-01
Myopathy 8C70.6 Muscle tissue 8.79E-01 -2.55E-01 -2.50E-01
Neonatal sepsis KA60 Whole blood 1.51E-07 6.76E-01 8.07E-01
Neuroectodermal tumour 2A00.11 Brain stem tissue 1.24E-05 -1.65E+00 -2.31E+00
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease DB92 Liver tissue 4.06E-02 4.04E-01 5.52E-01
Obesity related type 2 diabetes 5A11 Omental adipose tissue 8.89E-01 1.98E-02 2.99E-02
Olive pollen allergy CA08.00 Peripheral blood 2.43E-01 9.03E-01 8.64E-01
Oral cancer 2B6E Oral tissue 4.00E-01 -1.43E-01 -1.11E-01
Osteoarthritis FA00-FA0Z Synovial tissue 4.33E-01 1.39E-01 3.10E-01
Osteoporosis FB83.1 Bone marrow 3.05E-01 -2.13E-01 -1.09E+00
Ovarian cancer 2C73 Ovarian tissue 1.31E-01 -5.00E-01 -6.52E-01
Pancreatic cancer 2C10 Pancreas 1.19E-01 1.33E+00 9.10E-01
Parkinson's disease 8A00.0 Substantia nigra tissue 2.45E-01 -2.29E-01 -4.01E-01
Pediatric respiratory syncytial virus infection CA40.11 Peripheral blood 1.00E-05 9.92E-01 1.53E+00
Pituitary cancer 2D12 Pituitary tissue 7.02E-01 7.33E-02 5.76E-02
Pituitary gonadotrope tumour 2D12 Pituitary tissue 9.58E-01 2.39E-01 2.06E-01
Polycystic ovary syndrome 5A80.1 Vastus lateralis muscle 3.79E-01 3.86E-01 6.01E-01
Polycythemia vera 2A20.4 Whole blood 1.69E-02 1.75E-01 5.06E-01
Pompe disease 5C51.3 Biceps muscle 4.08E-02 -9.19E-01 -1.31E+00
Preterm birth KA21.4Z Myometrium 1.94E-01 -1.19E+00 -9.01E-01
Prostate cancer 2C82 Prostate 5.16E-05 -1.13E+00 -1.10E+00
Psoriasis EA90 Skin 3.08E-01 -1.19E-01 -1.76E-01
Rectal cancer 2B92 Rectal colon tissue 1.99E-01 2.80E-01 7.81E-01
Renal cancer 2C90-2C91 Kidney 1.58E-02 7.77E-01 7.42E-01
Retinoblastoma 2D02.2 Uvea 3.54E-11 -3.24E+00 -6.03E+00
Rheumatoid arthritis FA20 Synovial tissue 3.13E-05 1.97E+00 3.66E+00
Rhinovirus infection CA42.1 Nasal epithelium tissue 7.78E-01 -2.43E-02 -1.11E-01
Schizophrenia 6A20 Prefrontal cortex 8.74E-01 5.56E-02 5.10E-02
Schizophrenia 6A20 Superior temporal cortex 8.85E-01 2.30E-01 5.27E-01
Scleroderma 4A42.Z Whole blood 4.75E-02 -1.32E-01 -5.99E-01
Seizure 8A60-8A6Z Whole blood 3.96E-01 -5.63E-01 -6.32E-01
Sensitive skin EK0Z Skin 5.11E-01 2.45E-01 5.80E-01
Sepsis with septic shock 1G41 Whole blood 1.06E-03 2.45E-01 3.74E-01
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome 3A70.0 Bone marrow 2.59E-02 4.83E-01 9.18E-01
Sickle cell disease 3A51.0-3A51.3 Peripheral blood 1.24E-04 5.07E-01 1.75E+00
Simpson golabi behmel syndrome LD2C Adipose tissue 8.52E-01 -8.09E-02 -1.41E-01
Sjogren's syndrome 4A43.2 Salivary gland tissue 9.62E-01 2.87E-01 7.43E-01
Skin cancer 2C30-2C3Z Skin 1.11E-08 -8.03E-01 -7.66E-01
Thrombocythemia 3B63 Whole blood 8.62E-01 1.60E-01 4.81E-01
Thrombocytopenia 3B64 Whole blood 3.58E-01 6.67E-01 5.27E-01
Thyroid cancer 2D10 Thyroid 6.32E-20 -1.03E+00 -1.37E+00
Tibial muscular dystrophy 8C75 Muscle tissue 4.13E-01 -6.89E-02 -1.06E-01
Tuberous sclerosis complex LD2D.2 Perituberal tissue 9.79E-03 -5.55E-01 -2.04E+00
Type 2 diabetes 5A11 Liver tissue 5.46E-01 1.56E-01 1.91E-01
Ureter cancer 2C92 Urothelium 5.33E-01 1.57E-01 1.09E-01
Uterine cancer 2C78 Endometrium tissue 4.05E-01 -9.61E-03 -1.08E-02
Vitiligo ED63.0 Skin 7.40E-02 -2.87E-01 -7.38E-01
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⏷ Show the Full List of DME Expression Under 107 Diseases

The Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT) Role of This DME

DME DTT Name Glutamate decarboxylase (GLUL) DTT Info
DME DTT Type Discontinued
1 Discontinued Drug(s) Targeting This DTT
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
NLX-P101 DM6NPUJ Parkinson disease 8A00.0 Discontinued in Phase 2 [1]

References

1 NLX-P101, an adeno-associated virus gene therapy encoding glutamic acid decarboxylase, for the potential treatment of Parkinson's disease. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2010 Jul;11(7):813-22.
2 Ammonia metabolism capacity of HepG2 cells with high expression of human glutamine synthetase. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2008 Dec;7(6):621-7.