Details of Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

General Information of Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME) (ID: DEU7MWJ)

DME Name Gamma-Glu-X carboxypeptidase (GGH)
Synonyms Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase; Carboxypeptidase AtGGH2; Folate conjugase AtGGH2; Folate hydrolase AtGGH2; Conjugase AtGGH2; GGH; GH
Gene Name GGH
UniProt ID
GGH_HUMAN
INTEDE ID
DME0142
3D Structure
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2D Sequence (FASTA)
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3D Structure (PDB)
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Gene ID
8836
EC Number EC: 3.4.19.9
Hydrolases
Peptidase
Omega peptidase
EC: 3.4.19.9
Lineage Species: Homo sapiens
Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Homo sapiens
Sequence
MASPGCLLCVLGLLLCGAASLELSRPHGDTAKKPIIGILMQKCRNKVMKNYGRYYIAASY
VKYLESAGARVVPVRLDLTEKDYEILFKSINGILFPGGSVDLRRSDYAKVAKIFYNLSIQ
SFDDGDYFPVWGTCLGFEELSLLISGECLLTATDTVDVAMPLNFTGGQLHSRMFQNFPTE
LLLSLAVEPLTANFHKWSLSVKNFTMNEKLKKFFNVLTTNTDGKIEFISTMEGYKYPVYG
VQWHPEKAPYEWKNLDGISHAPNAVKTAFYLAEFFVNEARKNNHHFKSESEEEKALIYQF
SPIYTGNISSFQQCYIFD
Function
This enzyme hydrolyzes the polyglutamate sidechains of pteroylpolyglutamates and progressively removes gamma-glutamyl residues from pteroylpoly-gamma-glutamate to yield pteroyl-alpha-glutamate (folic acid) and free glutamate. It may play an important role in the bioavailability of dietary pteroylpolyglutamates and in the metabolism of pteroylpolyglutamates and antifolates.
KEGG Pathway
( )
( )
Reactome Pathway
Neutrophil degranulation (R-HSA-6798695 )

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This DME

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This DME
2 Approved Drug(s) Metabolized by This DME
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Folic acid DMEMBJC Folate-deficiency anemia 3A02.Y Approved [1]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL leukaemia 2A60-2B33 Approved [2]

Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) of This DME

Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This DME
Disease Name ICD 11 Studied Tissue p-value Fold-Change Z-score
Acute myelocytic leukaemia 2B33.1 Bone marrow 5.12E-01 5.13E-02 7.20E-02
Alopecia ED70 Skin from scalp 1.13E-05 -2.19E-01 -6.78E-01
Alzheimer's disease 8A20 Entorhinal cortex 2.52E-04 -2.37E-01 -5.07E-01
Ankylosing spondylitis FA92.0 Pheripheral blood 4.66E-01 5.55E-02 2.40E-01
Aortic stenosis BB70 Calcified aortic valve 6.28E-01 3.17E-01 2.68E-01
Apnea 7A40 Hyperplastic tonsil 8.31E-01 -3.17E-01 -2.76E-01
Arthropathy FA00-FA5Z Peripheral blood 2.06E-01 1.10E-01 4.16E-01
Asthma CA23 Nasal and bronchial airway 2.27E-08 4.55E-01 3.63E-01
Atopic dermatitis EA80 Skin 1.92E-01 -5.23E-01 -1.24E+00
Autism 6A02 Whole blood 1.01E-01 -2.78E-01 -4.39E-01
Autoimmune uveitis 9A96 Peripheral monocyte 2.74E-02 -2.19E-01 -6.02E-01
Autosomal dominant monocytopenia 4B04 Whole blood 4.10E-02 8.53E-01 1.60E+00
Bacterial infection of gingival 1C1H Gingival tissue 7.16E-20 -8.95E-01 -1.67E+00
Batten disease 5C56.1 Whole blood 1.54E-01 -6.38E-01 -1.12E+00
Behcet's disease 4A62 Peripheral blood 1.62E-01 1.09E-01 2.71E-01
Bipolar disorder 6A60-6A6Z Prefrontal cortex 2.78E-01 -1.50E-01 -3.51E-01
Bladder cancer 2C94 Bladder tissue 6.60E-05 2.20E+00 3.03E+00
Breast cancer 2C60-2C6Z Breast tissue 3.52E-45 1.34E+00 1.43E+00
Cardioembolic stroke 8B11.20 Whole blood 1.13E-08 7.68E-01 2.06E+00
Cervical cancer 2C77 Cervical tissue 2.83E-04 6.74E-01 9.52E-01
Childhood onset rheumatic disease FA20.Z Peripheral blood 1.98E-01 -2.92E-01 -8.05E-01
Chronic hepatitis C 1E51.1 Whole blood 3.14E-01 1.57E-01 4.57E-01
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 Lung tissue 8.64E-01 -8.99E-02 -1.61E-01
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 Small airway epithelium 1.07E-02 -2.15E-01 -4.08E-01
Chronic rhinosinusitis CA0A Sinus mucosa tissue 1.09E-01 1.79E-01 4.51E-01
Colon cancer 2B90 Colon tissue 2.84E-22 6.55E-01 1.18E+00
Coronary artery disease BA80-BA8Z Peripheral blood 6.01E-01 2.50E-01 4.17E-01
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 2A81 Tonsil tissue 6.06E-01 -3.33E-01 -4.75E-01
Endometriosis GA10 Endometrium tissue 5.26E-03 -1.45E+00 -1.12E+00
Familial hypercholesterolemia 5C80.00 Peripheral blood 3.44E-01 -1.81E-01 -2.84E-01
Familial hypercholesterolemia 5C80.00 Whole blood 4.97E-03 4.58E-01 1.33E+00
Gastric cancer 2B72 Gastric tissue 8.93E-02 2.58E+00 1.88E+00
Glioblastopma 2A00.00 Nervous tissue 8.97E-58 1.21E+00 1.26E+00
Glioma 2A00.0Y-2A00.0Z Brain stem tissue 5.17E-01 1.04E+00 8.40E-01
Glioma 2A00.0Y-2A00.0Z White matter tissue 5.34E-03 6.39E-01 7.50E-01
Head and neck cancer 2D42 Head and neck tissue 5.44E-26 1.27E+00 1.63E+00
HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment 8A2Y-8A2Z White matter tissue 3.86E-01 -4.46E-01 -7.11E-01
Huntington's disease 8A01.10 Whole blood 3.78E-01 -1.02E-01 -1.05E+00
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis CB03.4 Lung tissue 9.48E-05 8.71E-01 3.97E+00
Immunodeficiency 4A00-4A20 Peripheral blood 3.06E-03 8.68E-01 3.84E+00
Influenza 1E30 Whole blood 7.85E-03 -9.88E-01 -3.02E+00
Interstitial cystitis GC00.3 Bladder tissue 1.30E-02 9.87E-01 2.03E+00
Intracranial aneurysm 8B01.0 Intracranial artery 7.98E-03 7.86E-01 1.55E+00
Irritable bowel syndrome DD91.0 Rectal colon tissue 1.87E-01 -6.08E-02 -2.37E-01
Ischemic stroke 8B11 Peripheral blood 5.16E-01 2.13E-02 4.98E-02
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis FA24 Peripheral blood 3.77E-02 1.11E-01 2.11E-01
Lateral sclerosis 8B60.4 Skin 1.88E-01 2.36E-01 1.02E+00
Lateral sclerosis 8B60.4 Cervical spinal cord 3.48E-01 -8.78E-01 -6.23E-01
Liver cancer 2C12.0 Liver tissue 7.59E-03 6.06E-01 7.98E-01
Liver failure DB99.7-DB99.8 Liver tissue 1.17E-04 -2.40E+00 -3.63E+00
Lung cancer 2C25 Lung tissue 9.32E-53 1.17E+00 1.87E+00
Lupus erythematosus 4A40 Whole blood 3.39E-11 4.89E-01 8.07E-01
Major depressive disorder 6A70-6A7Z Hippocampus 9.89E-01 -4.64E-02 -1.33E-01
Major depressive disorder 6A70-6A7Z Whole blood 6.10E-01 -1.04E-02 -1.98E-02
Melanoma 2C30 Skin 1.67E-03 7.68E-01 1.01E+00
Multiple myeloma 2A83.1 Peripheral blood 5.55E-01 -1.99E-01 -9.11E-02
Multiple myeloma 2A83.1 Bone marrow 7.15E-20 2.51E+00 1.69E+01
Multiple sclerosis 8A40 Plasmacytoid dendritic cells 1.42E-01 -2.78E-01 -1.04E+00
Myelodysplastic syndrome 2A36-2A3Z Bone marrow 3.11E-01 2.80E-02 1.07E-01
Myelofibrosis 2A20.2 Whole blood 1.29E-02 7.52E-01 4.28E+00
Myocardial infarction BA41-BA50 Peripheral blood 6.97E-01 -8.36E-02 -9.27E-02
Myopathy 8C70.6 Muscle tissue 3.36E-03 9.08E-01 1.52E+00
Neonatal sepsis KA60 Whole blood 6.04E-27 1.19E+00 2.12E+00
Neuroectodermal tumour 2A00.11 Brain stem tissue 1.27E-07 3.56E+00 4.27E+00
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease DB92 Liver tissue 7.34E-01 2.02E-01 5.37E-01
Obesity related type 2 diabetes 5A11 Omental adipose tissue 1.21E-01 -5.73E-01 -2.11E+00
Olive pollen allergy CA08.00 Peripheral blood 2.30E-01 -7.51E-01 -1.22E+00
Oral cancer 2B6E Oral tissue 5.53E-07 1.71E+00 1.38E+00
Osteoarthritis FA00-FA0Z Synovial tissue 1.87E-01 1.21E+00 9.56E-01
Osteoporosis FB83.1 Bone marrow 4.86E-03 -6.75E-01 -3.45E+00
Ovarian cancer 2C73 Ovarian tissue 1.75E-08 2.83E+00 6.16E+00
Pancreatic cancer 2C10 Pancreas 3.03E-04 6.56E-01 8.19E-01
Parkinson's disease 8A00.0 Substantia nigra tissue 9.75E-01 -4.82E-01 -5.25E-01
Pediatric respiratory syncytial virus infection CA40.11 Peripheral blood 5.00E-05 5.75E-01 1.48E+00
Pituitary cancer 2D12 Pituitary tissue 1.39E-04 1.44E+00 2.66E+00
Pituitary gonadotrope tumour 2D12 Pituitary tissue 4.12E-04 1.71E+00 2.77E+00
Polycystic ovary syndrome 5A80.1 Vastus lateralis muscle 2.42E-01 1.17E-01 5.27E-01
Polycythemia vera 2A20.4 Whole blood 2.07E-09 2.88E-01 1.35E+00
Pompe disease 5C51.3 Biceps muscle 7.35E-01 -1.20E-01 -3.28E-01
Preterm birth KA21.4Z Myometrium 1.78E-02 -5.14E-01 -1.22E+00
Prostate cancer 2C82 Prostate 1.82E-01 5.71E-01 4.78E-01
Psoriasis EA90 Skin 1.09E-35 1.33E+00 2.36E+00
Rectal cancer 2B92 Rectal colon tissue 5.70E-02 4.52E-01 1.28E+00
Renal cancer 2C90-2C91 Kidney 5.99E-01 -3.05E-01 -2.66E-01
Retinoblastoma 2D02.2 Uvea 1.95E-03 9.04E-01 1.90E+00
Rheumatoid arthritis FA20 Synovial tissue 3.38E-03 8.91E-01 1.72E+00
Rhinovirus infection CA42.1 Nasal epithelium tissue 9.20E-01 2.03E-02 4.12E-02
Schizophrenia 6A20 Prefrontal cortex 5.12E-03 -5.13E-01 -5.72E-01
Schizophrenia 6A20 Superior temporal cortex 7.45E-01 -1.07E-01 -2.30E-01
Scleroderma 4A42.Z Whole blood 6.58E-01 -1.75E-01 -4.71E-01
Seizure 8A60-8A6Z Whole blood 1.99E-01 3.46E-01 3.87E-01
Sensitive skin EK0Z Skin 2.04E-01 4.59E-01 1.49E+00
Sepsis with septic shock 1G41 Whole blood 2.32E-69 1.44E+00 2.32E+00
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome 3A70.0 Bone marrow 6.10E-02 -4.86E-01 -1.18E+00
Sickle cell disease 3A51.0-3A51.3 Peripheral blood 6.87E-01 -1.19E-02 -1.97E-02
Simpson golabi behmel syndrome LD2C Adipose tissue 7.18E-01 -1.38E-01 -4.46E-01
Sjogren's syndrome 4A43.2 Salivary gland tissue 3.01E-01 -2.31E-01 -1.08E+00
Skin cancer 2C30-2C3Z Skin 3.78E-17 6.49E-01 9.97E-01
Thrombocythemia 3B63 Whole blood 3.59E-03 1.32E-01 5.92E-01
Thrombocytopenia 3B64 Whole blood 7.40E-01 -2.78E-02 -3.58E-02
Thyroid cancer 2D10 Thyroid 2.81E-11 5.64E-01 8.65E-01
Tibial muscular dystrophy 8C75 Muscle tissue 4.93E-06 6.79E-01 1.60E+00
Tuberous sclerosis complex LD2D.2 Perituberal tissue 1.60E-02 -6.09E-01 -3.54E+00
Type 2 diabetes 5A11 Liver tissue 4.12E-01 3.14E-01 1.58E+00
Ureter cancer 2C92 Urothelium 9.23E-01 -1.02E-01 -3.19E-01
Uterine cancer 2C78 Endometrium tissue 1.23E-22 1.70E+00 1.26E+00
Vitiligo ED63.0 Skin 7.34E-01 2.40E-01 6.88E-01
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⏷ Show the Full List of DME Expression Under 107 Diseases

The Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT) Role of This DME

DME DTT Name Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH) DTT Info
DME DTT Type Literature-reported

References

1 Optimization of the trienzyme extraction for the microbiological assay of folate in vegetables. J Agric Food Chem. 2007 May 16;55(10):3884-8.
2 The pharmacogenetics of methotrexate. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007 Oct;46(10):1520-4.