Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC1OCON)

• Drug Combination Name: Tolnaftate + Idarubicin
• Indication: Glioblastoma?; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Tolnaftate (DM28MU7): Small molecular drug
  Idarubicin (DMM0XGL): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: T98G
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 20.18
  Bliss Independence Score: 20.18
  Loewe Additivity Score: 18.7
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 18.7

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Tolnaftate

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Dermatophytosis	1F28.2	Approved	[2]
Jock itch	1F28.3	Approved	[2]
Tinea corporis	1F28.Y	Approved	[3]
Tinea cruris	1F28.3	Approved	[3]
Tinea manuum	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Tinea versicolor	1F2D.0	Approved	[5]
Tinea pedis	1F28.2	Investigative	[6]

Tolnaftate Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Squalene monooxygenase (SQLE)	TTE14XG	ERG1_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[9]

Tolnaftate Interacts with 2 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Interleukin-4 (IL4)	OTOXBWAU	IL4_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
Interleukin-5 (IL5)	OTAFPSCO	IL5_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]

Indication(s) of Idarubicin

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[7]
Acute myeloid leukaemia	2A60	Approved	[8]
Adult acute monocytic leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[7]
Childhood acute megakaryoblastic leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[7]
Leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[7]

Idarubicin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2)	TT0IHXV	TOP2A_HUMAN; TOP2B_HUMAN	Modulator	[12]

Idarubicin Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1)	DTSYQGK	MRP1_HUMAN	Substrate	[13]
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[14]
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[14]

Idarubicin Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[15]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Metabolism	[15]

Idarubicin Interacts with 9 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Estrogen receptor (ESR1)	OTKLU61J	ESR1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[11]
Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1)	OTC1W6UX	HMOX1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
Androgen receptor (AR)	OTUBKAZZ	ANDR_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[11]
Natriuretic peptides B (NPPB)	OTSN2IPY	ANFB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[17]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG)	OTHMARHO	PPARG_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[11]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[18]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD)	OTI4WTOP	PPARD_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[11]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2)	OTZX881H	KCNH2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[19]
Bile acid receptor (NR1H4)	OTWZLPTB	NR1H4_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[11]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] Drug information of Tolnaftate, 2008. eduDrugs.
• [3] Butenafine. Drugs. 1998 Mar;55(3):405-12; discussion 413.
• [4] A standard database for drug repositioning. Sci Data. 2017 Mar 14;4:170029.
• [5] Oxiconazole nitrate: pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of a new imidazole antifungal agent. Clin Ther. 1991 Jan-Feb;13(1):126-41.
• [6] Tinea pedis: an updated review. Drugs Context. 2023 Jun 29;12:2023-5-1.
• [7] Idarubicin FDA Label
• [8] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7083).
• [9] Effects of squalene epoxidase inhibitors on Candida albicans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1992 Aug;36(8):1779-81.
• [10] Anti-mycotics suppress interleukin-4 and interleukin-5 production in anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28-stimulated T cells from patients with atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol. 2001 Dec;117(6):1635-46. doi: 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01566.x.
• [11] Quantitative high-throughput profiling of environmental chemicals and drugs that modulate farnesoid X receptor. Sci Rep. 2014 Sep 26;4:6437. doi: 10.1038/srep06437.
• [12] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
• [13] Human intestinal transporter database: QSAR modeling and virtual profiling of drug uptake, efflux and interactions. Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;30(4):996-1007.
• [14] Amonafide L-malate is not a substrate for multidrug resistance proteins in secondary acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2008 Nov;22(11):2110-5.
• [15] In vitro evaluation of cytochrome P450-mediated drug interactions between cytarabine, idarubicin, itraconazole and caspofungin. Hematology. 2004 Jun;9(3):217-21.
• [16] A Quantitative Approach to Screen for Nephrotoxic Compounds In Vitro. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016 Apr;27(4):1015-28. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2015010060. Epub 2015 Aug 10.
• [17] The use of biochemical markers in cardiotoxicity monitoring in patients treated for leukemia. Neoplasma. 2005;52(5):430-4.
• [18] The induction of apoptosis by daunorubicin and idarubicin in human trisomic and diabetic fibroblasts. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2008;13(2):182-94. doi: 10.2478/s11658-007-0045-7. Epub 2008 Apr 10.
• [19] Refining the human iPSC-cardiomyocyte arrhythmic risk assessment model. Toxicol Sci. 2013 Dec;136(2):581-94. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kft205. Epub 2013 Sep 19.