Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC4WU4F)

• Drug Combination Name: Leuprolide + Letrozole
• Indication: Metastatic Breast Cancer; Status: Phase 2 [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Leuprolide (DM5XPIJ): Small molecular drug
  Letrozole (DMH07Y3): Small molecular drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Leuprolide

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Plasma cell myeloma	2A83.1	Approved	[2]
Prostate cancer	2C82.0	Approved	[3]
Endometriosis	GA10	Investigative	[2]

Leuprolide Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Leutinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (GNRH1)	TT0ID4A	GON1_HUMAN	Activator	[6]

Leuprolide Interacts with 3 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Thyroxine-binding globulin (SERPINA7)	OTUYVTSU	THBG_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[7]
Thyroid peroxidase (TPO)	OTJJLL20	PERT_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[7]
Protein bric-a-brac 2 (bab2)	OTNNK0KI	BAB2_DROME	Increases ADR	[7]

Indication(s) of Letrozole

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Hormonally-responsive breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[5]

Letrozole Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Aromatase (CYP19A1)	TTSZLWK	CP19A_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[8]

Letrozole Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[9]
Aromatase (CYP19A1)	DEQX145	CP19A_HUMAN	Metabolism	[10]
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6)	DEJVYAZ	CP2A6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[11]

Letrozole Interacts with 18 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Aromatase (CYP19A1)	OTZ6XF74	CP19A_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[12]
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	OTQGYY83	CP3A4_HUMAN	Increases Oxidation	[13]
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6)	OT52TWG3	CP2A6_HUMAN	Increases Oxidation	[13]
Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 (AK1)	OT614AR3	KAD1_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[7]
Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1)	OTRDLUSP	DKK1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[14]
Follitropin subunit beta (FSHB)	OTGLS283	FSHB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[15]
Lutropin subunit beta (LHB)	OT5GBOVJ	LSHB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[15]
Progesterone receptor (PGR)	OT0FZ3QE	PRGR_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)	OTO46S5S	LIF_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[14]
Gap junction alpha-1 protein (GJA1)	OTT94MKL	CXA1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[17]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (CCND1)	OT8HPTKJ	CCND1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[18]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 (CCND2)	OTDULQF9	CCND2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[18]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A)	OTQWHCZE	CDN1A_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[19]
Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR)	OT36W9O5	LIFR_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[14]
Proliferation marker protein Ki-67 (MKI67)	OTA8N1QI	KI67_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Small ribosomal subunit protein eS6 (RPS6)	OTT4D1LN	RS6_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[18]
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase (CYP51A1)	OTAYHG9C	CP51A_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[20]
Fibroblast growth factor 22 (FGF22)	OTVIX6J0	FGF22_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[14]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Breast Cancer	DCB32SG	N. A.	Phase 2	[21]
Endometrial Neoplasms	DC4JITU	N. A.	Phase 2	[22]
Breast Cancer	DCJE91Y	N. A.	Phase 2	[23]

References

• [1] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02344550) Study of GnRH-A [Leuprorelin(Lorelin Depot] Plus Leterozole +/- Everolimus for Premenopausal Women With Metastatic Breast Cancer
• [2] Leuprolide FDA Label
• [3] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 1175).
• [4] Letrozole FDA Label
• [5] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5209).
• [6] Increased risk of metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. Pharmacotherapy. 2008 Dec;28(12):1511-22.
• [7] ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
• [8] Aromatase inhibitors--theoretical concept and present experiences in the treatment of endometriosis. Zentralbl Gynakol. 2003 Jul-Aug;125(7-8):247-51.
• [9] Inhibition of drug metabolizing cytochrome P450s by the aromatase inhibitor drug letrozole and its major oxidative metabolite 4,4'-methanol-bisbenzonitrile in vitro. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009 Oct;64(5):867-75.
• [10] Double-blind, randomised, multicentre endocrine trial comparing two letrozole doses, in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Eur J Cancer. 1999 Feb;35(2):208-13.
• [11] Letrozole concentration is associated with CYP2A6 variation but not with arthralgia in patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018 Nov;172(2):371-379.
• [12] Aromatase inhibition: translation into a successful therapeutic approach. Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Apr 15;11(8):2809-21. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-2187.
• [13] Deactivation of anti-cancer drug letrozole to a carbinol metabolite by polymorphic cytochrome P450 2A6 in human liver microsomes. Xenobiotica. 2009 Nov;39(11):795-802. doi: 10.3109/00498250903171395.
• [14] Clomiphene citrate versus letrozole: molecular analysis of the endometrium in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2011 Oct;96(4):1051-6. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.07.1092.
• [15] Aromatase inhibition, testosterone, and seizures. Epilepsy Behav. 2004 Apr;5(2):260-3. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.12.001.
• [16] Aromatase inhibitors: cellular and molecular effects. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2005 May;95(1-5):83-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.04.010.
• [17] Inhibition of estrogen receptor reduces connexin 43 expression in breast cancers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2018 Jan 1;338:182-190. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.11.020. Epub 2017 Nov 24.
• [18] Dual inhibition of mTOR and estrogen receptor signaling in vitro induces cell death in models of breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Jul 15;11(14):5319-28. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-2402.
• [19] Synergistic activity of letrozole and sorafenib on breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010 Nov;124(1):79-88. doi: 10.1007/s10549-009-0714-5. Epub 2010 Jan 7.
• [20] Comparison of lanosterol-14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51) of human and Candida albicans for inhibition by different antifungal azoles. Toxicology. 2006 Nov 10;228(1):24-32. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.08.007. Epub 2006 Aug 12.
• [21] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00903162) Extended Endocrine Therapy for Premenopausal Women With Breast Cancer
• [22] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05316935) GnRHa + Letrozole in Non-obese Progestin-insensitive Endometrial Cancer and Atypical Hyperplasia Patients
• [23] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03900637) PersonaLized neoAdjuvant Strategy ER Positive and HER2 Negative Breast Cancer TO Increase BCS Rate