Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCG056I)

• Drug Combination Name: Triapine + Pomalidomide
• Indication: Astrocytoma; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Triapine (DM7XZY5): Small molecular drug
  Pomalidomide (DMTGBAX): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: U251
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 1.71
  Bliss Independence Score: 6.87
  Loewe Additivity Score: 3.15
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 2.82

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Triapine

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Nerve injury	ND56.4	Phase 2	[2]

Triapine Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase M2 (RRM2)	TTBWDI0	RIR2_HUMAN	Modulator	[2]

Triapine Interacts with 2 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Histone H2AX (H2AX)	OT18UX57	H2AX_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase, mitochondrial (PRDX3)	OTLB2WEU	PRDX3_HUMAN	Increases Oxidation	[5]

Indication(s) of Pomalidomide

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Plasma cell myeloma	2A83.1	Approved	[3]
Systemic sclerosis	4A42	Approved	[4]

Pomalidomide Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Angiogenesis/myeloma cell growth (AMCG)	TTDIBYJ	NOUNIPROTAC	Modulator	[7]

Pomalidomide Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]

Pomalidomide Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[9]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DEJGDUW	CP1A2_HUMAN	Metabolism	[10]

Pomalidomide Interacts with 27 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	OTQGYY83	CP3A4_HUMAN	Increases Oxidation	[11]
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF2)	OT1M7D28	CSF2_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[12]
Interleukin-5 (IL5)	OTAFPSCO	IL5_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[12]
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (CSF3)	OT9GC6TP	CSF3_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[12]
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1)	OT4GLCXW	FGFR1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2)	OTAD2HEL	CCL2_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[12]
Erythroid transcription factor (GATA1)	OTX1R7O1	GATA1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[12]
Transcription factor JunD (JUND)	OTNKACJD	JUND_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[12]
Transcription factor PU.1 (SPI1)	OTVCA1D0	SPI1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[12]
Interleukin-10 (IL10)	OTIRFRXC	IL10_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[12]
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3)	OTSAXDIL	FGFR3_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[13]
Endothelial transcription factor GATA-2 (GATA2)	OTBP2QQ2	GATA2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[12]
Rhombotin-2 (LMO2)	OTCC370G	RBTN2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[12]
Interleukin-13 (IL13)	OTI4YS3Y	IL13_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[12]
DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-1 (ID1)	OTKGNZN5	ID1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[12]
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA)	OTOM9OE4	CEBPA_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[12]
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (CEBPD)	OTNBIPMY	CEBPD_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[12]
DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-2 (ID2)	OT0U1D53	ID2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[12]
Krueppel-like factor 1 (KLF1)	OT1FK08U	KLF1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[12]
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein epsilon (CEBPE)	OTKZA25M	CEBPE_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[12]
Transcription factor NF-E2 45 kDa subunit (NFE2)	OTLM94BI	NFE2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[12]
Zinc finger protein Gfi-1b (GFI1B)	OTRDW8YO	GFI1B_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[12]
Zinc finger protein Gfi-1 (GFI1)	OT9HB9H8	GFI1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[12]
Sal-like protein 4 (SALL4)	OTC08PR5	SALL4_HUMAN	Affects Binding	[14]
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19)	OTFMJYYE	CP2CJ_HUMAN	Increases Oxidation	[11]
Cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2)	OTJBTEH8	CP2J2_HUMAN	Increases Oxidation	[11]
Protein cereblon (CRBN)	OTXH9MDC	CRBN_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[15]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Invasive ductal carcinoma	DCX6ZT8	T-47D	Investigative	[16]
Large cell lung carcinoma	DC21ZO9	NCI-H460	Investigative	[1]

References

• [1] Loss of function mutations in VARS encoding cytoplasmic valyl-tRNA synthetase cause microcephaly, seizures, and progressive cerebral atrophy.Hum Genet. 2018 Apr;137(4):293-303. doi: 10.1007/s00439-018-1882-3. Epub 2018 Apr 24.
• [2] PAN-811 inhibits oxidative stress-induced cell death of human Alzheimer's disease-derived and age-matched olfactory neuroepithelial cells via suppression of intracellular reactive oxygen species. J Alzheimers Dis. 2009;17(3):611-9.
• [3] Pomalidomide FDA Label
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7348).
• [5] The iron-chelating drug triapine causes pronounced mitochondrial thiol redox stress. Toxicol Lett. 2011 Mar 5;201(2):130-6. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.12.017. Epub 2010 Dec 31.
• [6] Distinct mechanisms of cell-kill by triapine and its terminally dimethylated derivative Dp44mT due to a loss or gain of activity of their copper(II) complexes. Biochem Pharmacol. 2014 Oct 1;91(3):312-22. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.006. Epub 2014 Aug 15.
• [7] Radium 223 dichloride for prostate cancer treatment. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017 Sep 6;11:2643-2651.
• [8] DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. (ID: DB08910)
• [9] Pomalidomide: evaluation of cytochrome P450 and transporter-mediated drug-drug interaction potential in vitro and in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Feb;55(2):168-78.
• [10] Population pharmacokinetics of pomalidomide. J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 May;55(5):563-72.
• [11] Human cytochrome P450 oxidation of 5-hydroxythalidomide and pomalidomide, an amino analogue of thalidomide. Chem Res Toxicol. 2014 Jan 21;27(1):147-56. doi: 10.1021/tx4004215. Epub 2013 Dec 24.
• [12] Immunomodulatory derivative of thalidomide (IMiD CC-4047) induces a shift in lineage commitment by suppressing erythropoiesis and promoting myelopoiesis. Blood. 2005 May 15;105(10):3833-40. doi: 10.1182/blood-2004-03-0828. Epub 2004 Aug 3.
• [13] Thalidomide and Its Analogs Differentially Target Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors: Thalidomide Suppresses FGFR Gene Expression while Pomalidomide Dampens FGFR2 Activity. Chem Res Toxicol. 2019 Apr 15;32(4):589-602. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00286. Epub 2019 Mar 15.
• [14] Thalidomide promotes degradation of SALL4, a transcription factor implicated in Duane Radial Ray syndrome. Elife. 2018 Aug 1;7:e38430. doi: 10.7554/eLife.38430.
• [15] A Dual Color Immunohistochemistry Assay for Measurement of Cereblon in Multiple Myeloma Patient Samples. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2016 Nov/Dec;24(10):695-702. doi: 10.1097/PAI.0000000000000246.
• [16] Biologically active neutrophil chemokine pattern in tonsillitis.Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Mar;135(3):511-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2003.02390.x.