Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCHRJ62)

• Drug Combination Name: Pepstatin + Emetine
• Indication: Chronic myelogenous leukemia; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Pepstatin (DM9S1EA): Small molecular drug
  Emetine (DMCT2YF): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: KBM-7
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 8.91
  Bliss Independence Score: 8.91
  Loewe Additivity Score: 13.49
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 13.52

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Pepstatin

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Malaria	1F40-1F45	Terminated	[2]

Pepstatin Interacts with 4 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Plasmodium Cysteine protease falcipain-2 (Malaria CPF2)	TT7EASG	Q9N6S8_PLAFA	Inhibitor	[4]
Plasmodium Plasmepsin 2 (Malaria PLA2)	TTXMNHO	PLM2_PLAFA	Inhibitor	[5]
Plasmodium Plasmepsin 1 (Malaria PLA1)	TTH9VL3	PLM1_PLAFA	Inhibitor	[5]
Plasmodium Cysteine protease falcipain (Malaria CPF)	TTJNPTK	NOUNIPROTAC	Inhibitor	[5]

Pepstatin Interacts with 1 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cathepsin D (CTSD)	OTQZ36F3	CATD_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[6]

Indication(s) of Emetine

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Hepatitis virus infection	1E50-1E51	Approved	[3]

Emetine Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]

Emetine Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[9]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[9]

Emetine Interacts with 15 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK)	OT9QIHEQ	RECK_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein (TGFB1)	OTV5XHVH	TGFB1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[11]
N-myc proto-oncogene protein (MYCN)	OTWD33K1	MYCN_HUMAN	Increases Degradation	[12]
72 kDa type IV collagenase (MMP2)	OT5NIWA2	MMP2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha (IL6R)	OTCQL07Z	IL6RA_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1)	OT310QSG	PARP1_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[13]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8)	OTS7T5VH	IL8_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
C-C motif chemokine 3 (CCL3)	OTW2H3ND	CCL3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT)	OTMTP2Z7	TAU_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[14]
C-C motif chemokine 4 (CCL4)	OT6B8P25	CCL4_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2)	OTAD2HEL	CCL2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5)	OTSCA5CK	CCL5_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9)	OTB2QDAV	MMP9_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3)	OTCYKGKO	MK03_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[10]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)	OTH85PI5	MK01_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[10]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800004280)
• [3] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [4] Novel molecular targets for antimalarial drug development. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2008 Apr;71(4):287-97.
• [5] Novel molecular targets for antimalarial chemotherapy. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2007 Jul;30(1):4-10.
• [6] Evidence of a lysosomal pathway for apoptosis induced by the synthetic retinoid CD437 in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Cell Death Differ. 2001 May;8(5):477-85. doi: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4400843.
• [7] Cell-based and cytokine-directed chemical screen to identify potential anti-multiple myeloma agents. Leuk Res. 2010 Jul;34(7):917-24. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.12.002. Epub 2010 Feb 8.
• [8] Potential role of drug transporters in the pathogenesis of medically intractable epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2005 Feb;46(2):224-35.
• [9] Metabolism of ipecac alkaloids cephaeline and emetine by human hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450s, and their inhibitory effects on P450 enzyme activities. Biol Pharm Bull. 2001 Jun;24(6):678-82.
• [10] Emetine inhibits migration and invasion of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells via regulation of ERK and p38 signaling pathways. Chem Biol Interact. 2015 Dec 5;242:25-33. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.08.014. Epub 2015 Aug 30.
• [11] Identification and Profiling of Environmental Chemicals That Inhibit the TGF/SMAD Signaling Pathway. Chem Res Toxicol. 2019 Dec 16;32(12):2433-2444. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00228. Epub 2019 Nov 11.
• [12] IGF2BP1 induces neuroblastoma via a druggable feedforward loop with MYCN promoting 17q oncogene expression. Mol Cancer. 2023 May 29;22(1):88. doi: 10.1186/s12943-023-01792-0.
• [13] Apoptosis induces Bcl-XS and cleaved Bcl-XL in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Feb 18;405(3):480-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.01.057. Epub 2011 Jan 20.
• [14] Pharmacologic reductions of total tau levels; implications for the role of microtubule dynamics in regulating tau expression. Mol Neurodegener. 2006 Jul 26;1:6. doi: 10.1186/1750-1326-1-6.