Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCQZE65)

• Drug Combination Name: Levamisole + Nitrosoglutathione
• Indication: Chronic myelogenous leukemia; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Levamisole (DM5EN79): Small molecular drug
  Nitrosoglutathione (DMZ9WI4): N.A.
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: KBM-7
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 58.38
  Bliss Independence Score: 58.38
  Loewe Additivity Score: 70.4
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 70.4

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Levamisole

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Parasitic infection	1D0Y-1G2Z	Approved	[2]
Colon cancer	2B90.Z	Withdrawn from market	[3]

Levamisole Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Alkaline phosphatase tissue-nonspecific (ALPL)	TTMR5UV	PPBT_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[4]

Levamisole Interacts with 8 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53)	OTIE1VH3	P53_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Endothelin-1 (EDN1)	OTZCACEG	EDN1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Retinoblastoma-associated protein (RB1)	OTQJUJMZ	RB_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2)	OT9DVHC0	BCL2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Clusterin (CLU)	OTQGG0JM	CLUS_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3)	OTLDT7NR	NOS3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[5]
Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer (BAK1)	OTDP6ILW	BAK_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[5]
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)	OT4IE164	TNFA_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]

Nitrosoglutathione Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase (adh)	DEAH3PE	A0A0A7DS01_VIBCL	Metabolism	[7]

Nitrosoglutathione Interacts with 19 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial (HTRA2)	OTC7616F	HTRA2_HUMAN	Affects Localization	[8]
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)	OT4IE164	TNFA_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[9]
Interferon gamma (IFNG)	OTXG9JM7	IFNG_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[9]
C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10)	OTTLQ6S0	CXL10_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[9]
Interleukin-5 (IL5)	OTAFPSCO	IL5_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[9]
Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1)	OTISPT4X	SP1_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[10]
Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1)	OTC1W6UX	HMOX1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[11]
C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5)	OTSCA5CK	CCL5_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[9]
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)	OT6B22QH	CFTR_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
Interleukin-10 (IL10)	OTIRFRXC	IL10_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[9]
Interleukin-12 subunit beta (IL12B)	OT0JF8A3	IL12B_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 (CD86)	OTJCSBPC	CD86_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[8]
Transcription factor Sp3 (SP3)	OTYDQZ1T	SP3_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[10]
Caspase-8 (CASP8)	OTA8TVI8	CASP8_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[8]
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A)	OTADSC03	HIF1A_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[12]
Carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1)	OTQ3A541	CBR1_HUMAN	Increases Reduction	[13]
Serine-protein kinase ATM (ATM)	OTQVOHLT	ATM_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[14]
Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3 (ADH5)	OTSO67MI	ADHX_HUMAN	Increases Reduction	[15]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [3] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7210).
• [4] Characterization of rat heart alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes and modulation of activity. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2008 Jul;41(7):600-9.
• [5] Levamisole induced apoptosis in cultured vascular endothelial cells. Br J Pharmacol. 2000 Dec;131(8):1577-83.
• [6] Levamisole can reduce the high serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha level to a normal level in patients with erosive oral lichen planus. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2007 May;32(3):308-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2006.02343.x.
• [7] Nitrosative stress response in Vibrio cholerae: role of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2017 Jul;182(3):871-884.
• [8] The induction of reactive oxygen species and loss of mitochondrial Omi/HtrA2 is associated with S-nitrosoglutathione-induced apoptosis in human endothelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2010 May 1;244(3):374-84. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.02.004. Epub 2010 Feb 11.
• [9] Regulatory role of nitric oxide on monocyte-derived dendritic cell functions. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2003 Aug;23(8):423-31. doi: 10.1089/107999003322277838.
• [10] Concentration-dependent effects of endogenous S-nitrosoglutathione on gene regulation by specificity proteins Sp3 and Sp1. Biochem J. 2004 May 15;380(Pt 1):67-74. doi: 10.1042/BJ20031687.
• [11] Induction of heme oxygenase-1 as a response in sensing the signals evoked by distinct nitric oxide donors. Biochem Pharmacol. 1999 Jul 15;58(2):227-36. doi: 10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00097-0.
• [12] Regulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha by the inflammatory mediators nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in contrast to desferroxamine and phenylarsine oxide. J Biol Chem. 2001 Oct 26;276(43):39805-11. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M107689200. Epub 2001 Aug 20.
• [13] Studies on reduction of S-nitrosoglutathione by human carbonyl reductases 1 and 3. Chem Biol Interact. 2011 May 30;191(1-3):95-103.
• [14] Hypersensitivity of ataxia-telangiectasia fibroblasts to a nitric oxide donor. Free Radic Biol Med. 1997;22(1-2):343-7. doi: 10.1016/s0891-5849(96)00336-x.
• [15] The Janus face of alcohol dehydrogenase 3. Chem Biol Interact. 2009 Mar 16;178(1-3):29-35. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.10.050. Epub 2008 Nov 6.