Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DM1D90W)

• Drug Name: Tropicamide
• Synonyms: Bistropamide; Epitromina; Mydral; Mydriacyl; Mydriafair; Mydriaticum; Mydrum; OcuTropic; Opticyl; Paremyd; Tropicacyl; Tropicamida; Tropicamidum; Tropikamid; Tropimil; Visumidriatic; Akorn Brand of Tropicamide; Alcon Brand of Tropicamide; Bournonville Brand of Tropicamide; Cahill May Roberts Brand of Tropicamide; Chauvin Brand of Tropicamide; Colircusi Tropicamida; Medical Ophthalmics Brand of Tropicamide; Minims tropicamide; Novartis Brand of Tropicamide; Ocu Tropic; Ocumed Brand of Tropicamide; Ocusoft Brand of Tropicamide; Pharmafair Brand of Tropicamide; Rivex Brand of Tropicamide; Triaminic DM; Tropicamide Alcon Brand; Tropicamide Chauvin Brand; Tropicamide Faure; Tropicamide Minims; Tropicamide Monofree; Tropicamide Novartis Brand; Tropicamide Ocumed Brand; Tropicamide Pharmafair Brand; Tropicamide Rivex Brand; Stulln Brand 1 of Tropicamide; Stulln Brand 2 of Tropicamide; T 9778; I-Picamide; Mydriacyl (TN); Ocu-Tropic; Ro 1-7683; Spectro-Cyl; Tropicamida [INN-Spanish]; Tropicamidum [INN-Latin]; Tropicamide [USAN:INN:BANJAN]; Tropicamide (JP15/USP/INN); Tropicamide Monohydrochloride, (R)-Isomer; Tropicamide Monohydrochloride, (S)-Isomer; Tropicamide, (R)-Isomer; Tropicamide, (S)-Isomer; N-Ethyl-N-(4-pyridylmethyl)tropamid; N-Ethyl-N-(4-pyridylmethyl)tropamide; N-ethyl-n-(g-picolyl)tropamide; Tropicamide, (+-)-Isomer; N-Ethyl-2-phenyl-N-(4-pyridylmethyl)hydracrylamide; N-Ethyl-2-phenyl-N-4-[-pyridyl-methyl]hydracrylamide; N-Ethyl-alpha-(hydroxymethyl)-N-(4-pyridinylmethyl)benzeneacetamide; N-ethyl-3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)propanamide; (+-)-N-Ethyl-2-phenyl-N-(4-pyridylmethyl)hydracrylamide

Indication

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Mydriasis	LA11.62	Approved	[1], [2]

• Therapeutic Class: Diagnostic Agents
• Drug Type: Small molecular drug
• #Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0:
  Molecular Weight (mw); 284.35
  Topological Polar Surface Area (xlogp); 1.5
  Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds); 6
  Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor); 1
  Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc); 3
• ADMET Property:
  Absorption Cmax: The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of drug is 2.8 +/- 1.7 mcg/L [3]
  Half-life: The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 30?minutes [4]
• Chemical Identifiers:
  Formula: C17H20N2O2
  IUPAC Name: N-ethyl-3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)propanamide
  Canonical SMILES: CCN(CC1=CC=NC=C1)C(=O)C(CO)C2=CC=CC=C2
  InChI: InChI=1S/C17H20N2O2/c1-2-19(12-14-8-10-18-11-9-14)17(21)16(13-20)15-6-4-3-5-7-15/h3-11,16,20H,2,12-13H2,1H3
  InChIKey: BGDKAVGWHJFAGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
• Cross-matching ID:
  PubChem CID: 5593
  ChEBI ID: CHEBI:9757
  CAS Number: 1508-75-4
  DrugBank ID: DB00809
  TTD ID: D09PNY
  ACDINA ID: D01508

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	MOA	REF
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 (CHRM4)	TTQ3JTF	ACM4_HUMAN	Antagonist	[5], [6]

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

• The Studied Disease: Mydriasis
• ICD Disease Classification: LA11.62

Molecule Name	Molecule Type	Gene Name	p-value	Fold-Change	Z-score
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 (CHRM4)	DTT	CHRM4	1.93E-01	-0.08	-0.27
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 (CHRM4)	DTT	CHRM4	1.62E-01	-0.11	-0.63

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Tropicamide (Comorbidity)

DDI Drug Name	DDI Drug ID	Severity	Mechanism	Comorbidity	REF
Bethanechol	DMCLHO0	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tropicamide when combined with Bethanechol.	Abnormal micturition [MF50]	[16]
Rivastigmine	DMG629M	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tropicamide when combined with Rivastigmine.	Alzheimer disease [8A20]	[17]
Donepezil	DMIYG7Z	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tropicamide when combined with Donepezil.	Alzheimer disease [8A20]	[17]
Acetylcholine	DMDF79Z	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tropicamide when combined with Acetylcholine.	Cataract [9B10]	[18]
Pilocarpine	DMV9ADG	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tropicamide when combined with Pilocarpine.	Glaucoma [9C61]	[16]
Physostigmine	DM2N0TO	Moderate	Antagonize the effect of Tropicamide when combined with Physostigmine.	Lips/oral mucosa miscellaneous disorder [DA02]	[17]

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG

DIG Name	DIG ID	PubChem CID	Functional Classification
Hydrochloric acid	E00015	313	Acidulant
Benzalkonium chloride	E00536	21988052	Antimicrobial preservative; Penetration agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant
Edetate disodium	E00186	8759	Complexing agent
Sodium chloride	E00077	5234	Diluent; Tonicity agent
Sodium hydroxide	E00234	14798	Alkalizing agent
Water	E00035	962	Solvent

Pharmaceutical Formulation

Formulation Name	Drug Dosage	Dosage Form	Route
Tropicamide 1% solution	1%	Solution	Ophthalmic
Tropicamide 0.5% solution	0.50%	Solution	Ophthalmic

Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

• [1] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7319).
• [2] FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 040064.
• [3] Vuori ML, Kaila T, Iisalo E, Saari KM: Systemic absorption and anticholinergic activity of topically applied tropicamide. J Ocul Pharmacol. 1994 Summer;10(2):431-7. doi: 10.1089/jop.1994.10.431.
• [4] Tropicamide ophthalmic solution reduces clozapine-induced sialorrhea: a case report Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2017 Jul 8;27(4):431-434.
• [5] The muscarinic receptor antagonist tropicamide suppresses tremulous jaw movements in a rodent model of parkinsonian tremor: possible role of M4 rec... Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2007 Oct;194(3):347-59.
• [6] Zebrafish M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor: cloning, pharmacological characterization, expression patterns and roles in embryonic bradycardia. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Nov;137(6):782-92.
• [7] Design, synthesis, and neurochemical evaluation of 5-(3-alkyl-1,2,4- oxadiazol-5-yl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines as M1 muscarinic receptor agonists. J Med Chem. 1993 Apr 2;36(7):842-7.
• [8] 6beta-Acetoxynortropane: a potent muscarinic agonist with apparent selectivity toward M2-receptors. J Med Chem. 1998 Jun 4;41(12):2047-55.
• [9] Diphenidol-related diamines as novel muscarinic M4 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008 May 1;18(9):2972-6.
• [10] Discovery of N-{1-[3-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]oxazin-4-yl)propyl]piperidin-4-yl}-2-phenylacetamide (Lu AE51090): an allosteric muscarinic M1 rec... J Med Chem. 2010 Sep 9;53(17):6386-97.
• [11] cis-4-(Piperazin-1-yl)-5,6,7a,8,9,10,11,11a-octahydrobenzofuro[2,3-h]quinazolin-2-amine (A-987306), a new histamine H4R antagonist that blocks pain... J Med Chem. 2008 Nov 27;51(22):7094-8.
• [12] Chloro-substituted, sterically hindered 5,11-dicarbo analogues of clozapine as potential chiral antipsychotic agents. J Med Chem. 1990 Feb;33(2):809-14.
• [13] Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a series of 4-piperazinylpyrazolo[3,4-b]- and -[4,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepines as potential anxiolytics. J Med Chem. 1989 Dec;32(12):2573-82.
• [14] Synthesis of clozapine analogues and their affinity for clozapine and spiroperidol binding sites in rat brain. J Med Chem. 1981 Sep;24(9):1021-6.
• [15] Nocardimicins A, B, C, D, E, and F, siderophores with muscarinic M3 receptor inhibiting activity from Nocardia sp. TP-A0674. J Nat Prod. 2005 Jul;68(7):1061-5.
• [16] Benjamin KW "Toxicity of ocular medications." Int Ophthalmol Clin 19 (1979): 199-255. [PMID: 376469]
• [17] Katz IR, Sands LP, Bilker W, DiFilippo S, Boyce A, D'Angelo K "Identification of medications that cause cognitive impairment in older people: the case of oxybutynin chloride." J Am Geriatr Soc 46 (1998): 8-13. [PMID: 9434659]
• [18] Multum Information Services, Inc. Expert Review Panel.