Details of Disease

General Information of Disease (ID: DISJTL5X)

• Disease Name: Oral mucosa leukoplakia
• Synonyms: oral leukoplakia; leukoplakia of oral mucosa; leukoplakia of the oral mucosa; oral keratosis; oral keratoses; leukokeratosis of oral mucosa
• Definition: A white patch or plaque on the oral mucosa that cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease. The diagnosis of leukoplakia is one of exclusion; other conditions such as candidiasis, lichen planus, leukoedema, etc., must be ruled out before a diagnosis of leukoplakia can be made. Leukoplakia may be a premalignant condition.
• Disease Hierarchy:
  DIST3QD3: Leukoplakia
  DISBUPH5: Mouth mucosa disorder
  DISJTL5X: Oral mucosa leukoplakia
• Disease Identifiers:
  MONDO ID: MONDO_0004844
  MESH ID: D007972
  UMLS CUI: C0023532
  MedGen ID: 9738
  HPO ID: HP:0002745
  SNOMED CT ID: 414603003

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 1 Approved Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Aminolevulinic acid hci	DMS4BLQ	Approved	Small molecular drug	[1]

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

This Disease Is Related to 6 DTT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
KRT6A	TT2FX8W	Limited	Genetic Variation	[2]
MAPKAP1	TTWDKCL	Limited	Biomarker	[3]
SIK1	TT1H6LC	Limited	Biomarker	[4]
SIRPA	TTBRJS9	Limited	Biomarker	[5]
PTGS2	TTVKILB	Strong	Biomarker	[6]
RHBDF2	TTH1ZOP	Strong	Biomarker	[7]

This Disease Is Related to 3 DME Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DME ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
GSTT1	DE3PKUG	moderate	Genetic Variation	[8]
GSTM1	DEYZEJA	Strong	Biomarker	[8]
TGM3	DEOEB3Q	Strong	Biomarker	[9]

This Disease Is Related to 8 DOT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DOT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
EGFLAM	OTACZZJ0	Limited	Biomarker	[10]
KRT10	OTSVRD3Q	Limited	Biomarker	[11]
PDPN	OTBUV19I	Limited	Altered Expression	[12]
POLRMT	OT5Q8ZUJ	Limited	Genetic Variation	[13]
PRC1	OTHD0XS0	Limited	Biomarker	[14]
CEACAM8	OTLL9WWO	Strong	Biomarker	[15]
KRT16	OTGA0EQN	Strong	Biomarker	[16]
PIWIL2	OT1PXQIF	Strong	Biomarker	[17]

References

• [1] Vascular alterations after photodynamic therapy mediated by 5-aminolevulinic acid in oral leukoplakia. Lasers Med Sci. 2017 Feb;32(2):379-387.
• [2] Revisiting pachyonychia congenita: a case-cohort study of 815 patients.Br J Dermatol. 2020 Mar;182(3):738-746. doi: 10.1111/bjd.18794. Epub 2020 Jan 14.
• [3] Semiquantifiable angiogenesis parameters in association with the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia.J Oral Pathol Med. 2017 Oct;46(9):710-716. doi: 10.1111/jop.12544. Epub 2017 Feb 7.
• [4] Effects of tobacco smoke on gene expression and cellular pathways in a cellular model of oral leukoplakia.Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2008 Jul;1(2):100-11. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-08-0007. Epub 2008 Mar 31.
• [5] Signal regulatory protein associated with the progression of oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma regulates phenotype switch of macrophages.Oncotarget. 2016 Dec 6;7(49):81305-81321. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.12874.
• [6] Evaluation of COX-2, EGFR, and p53 as biomarkers of non-dysplastic oral leukoplakias.Exp Mol Pathol. 2010 Oct;89(2):197-203. doi: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2010.06.004. Epub 2010 Jul 1.
• [7] RHBDF2 mutations are associated with tylosis, a familial esophageal cancer syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 2012 Feb 10;90(2):340-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.008. Epub 2012 Jan 19.
• [8] Associations Among Glutathione S-Transferase T1, M1, and P1 Polymorphisms and the Risk of Oral Leukoplakia.Genet Test Mol Biomarkers. 2016 Jun;20(6):312-21. doi: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0308. Epub 2016 May 6.
• [9] Transglutaminase 3 contributes to malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia to cancer.Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2018 Nov;104:34-42. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.08.016. Epub 2018 Aug 30.
• [10] High-risk oral leukoplakia is associated with aberrant promoter methylation of multiple genes.BMC Cancer. 2016 Jun 3;16:350. doi: 10.1186/s12885-016-2371-5.
• [11] A proteomic approach to compare saliva from individuals with and without oral leukoplakia.J Proteomics. 2017 Jan 16;151:43-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.07.029. Epub 2016 Jul 29.
• [12] Podoplanin expression in oral leukoplakiaa prospective study.J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2019 Mar;47(3):505-509. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.12.005. Epub 2018 Dec 13.
• [13] Association of DNA sequence variation in mitochondrial DNA polymerase with mitochondrial DNA synthesis and risk of oral cancer.Gene. 2016 Jan 10;575(2 Pt 3):650-4. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.09.039. Epub 2015 Sep 25.
• [14] Regulation of proliferation and cell cycle by protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma.Cell Death Dis. 2018 May 1;9(5):564. doi: 10.1038/s41419-018-0618-6.
• [15] Immunohistochemical analysis of neutrophils, interleukin-17, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and neoformed vessels in oral squamous cell carcinoma.J Oral Pathol Med. 2018 Oct;47(9):856-863. doi: 10.1111/jop.12762. Epub 2018 Jul 18.
• [16] A mutation detection strategy for the human keratin 6A gene and novel missense mutations in two cases of pachyonychia congenita type 1.Exp Dermatol. 1999 Apr;8(2):109-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.1999.tb00356.x.
• [17] Expression of PIWIL2 in oral cancer and leukoplakia: Prognostic implications and insights from tumors.Cancer Biomark. 2019;26(1):11-20. doi: 10.3233/CBM-182009.