Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC0JU1G)

• Drug Combination Name: Vismodegib + Crizotinib
• Indication: Melanoma; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Vismodegib (DM5IXKQ): Small molecular drug
  Crizotinib (DM4F29C): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: UACC-257
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 0.61
  Bliss Independence Score: 3.1
  Loewe Additivity Score: 1.76
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 0.78

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Vismodegib

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Basal cell carcinoma	2C32	Approved	[2]
Primitive neuroectodermal tumour medulloblastoma	2A00.11	Phase 2	[3]

Vismodegib Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Smoothened homolog (SMO)	TT8J1S3	SMO_HUMAN	Modulator	[5]

Vismodegib Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[6]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Metabolism	[6]

Vismodegib Interacts with 8 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A (TNFRSF10A)	OTBPCU2O	TR10A_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[7]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B (TNFRSF10B)	OTA1CPBV	TR10B_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[7]
Zinc finger protein GLI2 (GLI2)	OTIRV97L	GLI2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (FAS)	OTP9XG86	TNR6_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[7]
Protein patched homolog 1 (PTCH1)	OTMG07H5	PTC1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
Protein smoothened (SMO)	OTXXE208	SMO_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
Protein patched homolog 2 (PTCH2)	OTOQ0K9V	PTC2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
Suppressor of fused homolog (SUFU)	OT0IRYG1	SUFU_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[8]

Indication(s) of Crizotinib

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Non-small-cell lung cancer	2C25.Y	Approved	[4]

Crizotinib Interacts with 4 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Proto-oncogene c-Met (MET)	TTNDSF4	MET_HUMAN	Modulator	[12]
ALK tyrosine kinase receptor (ALK)	TTPMQSO	ALK_HUMAN	Modulator	[12]
Proto-oncogene c-Ros (ROS1)	TTSZ6Y3	ROS1_HUMAN	Modulator	[12]
HGF/Met signaling pathway (HGF/Met pathway)	TTKA5LP	NOUNIPROTAC	Inhibitor	[13]

Crizotinib Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[14]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (SLCO1B1)	DT3D8F0	SO1B1_HUMAN	Substrate	[15]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (SLCO1B3)	DT9C1TS	SO1B3_HUMAN	Substrate	[15]

Crizotinib Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[16]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)	DEIBDNY	CP3A5_HUMAN	Metabolism	[16]

Crizotinib Interacts with 24 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1)	OTEJROBO	MDR1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[17]
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET)	OT7K55MU	MET_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[10]
CD44 antigen (CD44)	OT9TTJ41	CD44_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM)	OTHBZK5X	EPCAM_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Insulin-induced gene 1 protein (INSIG1)	OTZF5X1D	INSI1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[18]
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, cytoplasmic (HMGCS1)	OTCO26FV	HMCS1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[18]
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBF2)	OTBXUNPL	SRBP2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[18]
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACACA)	OT5CQPZY	ACACA_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[18]
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C (CACNA1C)	OT6KFNMS	CAC1C_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[18]
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha (SCN5A)	OTGYZWR6	SCN5A_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[18]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5)	OTILXZYL	BIRC5_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
Bcl-2-like protein 11 (BCL2L11)	OTNQQWFJ	B2L11_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
Follitropin subunit beta (FSHB)	OTGLS283	FSHB_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[19]
Lutropin subunit beta (LHB)	OT5GBOVJ	LSHB_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[19]
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck (LCK)	OT883FG9	LCK_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[20]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1)	OT310QSG	PARP1_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[21]
Histone H2AX (H2AX)	OT18UX57	H2AX_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[21]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3)	OTCYKGKO	MK03_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[22]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)	OTH85PI5	MK01_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[22]
Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP1 (IQGAP1)	OTZRWTGA	IQGA1_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[23]
Small ribosomal subunit protein eS6 (RPS6)	OTT4D1LN	RS6_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[24]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 (BIRC2)	OTFXFREP	BIRC2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 (ABCG2)	OTW8V2V1	ABCG2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[17]
Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit (KIT)	OTHUY3VZ	KIT_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[25]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Invasive ductal carcinoma	DCBNAHU	BT-549	Investigative	[26]
Adult T acute lymphoblastic leukemia	DCGG5WM	MOLT-4	Investigative	[1]
Astrocytoma	DCNLFSE	U251	Investigative	[1]
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma	DCSNJEL	CAKI-1	Investigative	[1]

References

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• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6975).
• [3] A phase II, multicenter, open-label, 3-cohort trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of vismodegib in operable basal cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015 Jul;73(1):99-105.e1.
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4903).
• [5] Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2013 Feb;12(2):87-90.
• [6] The dawn of hedgehog inhibitors: Vismodegib. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2013 Jan;4(1):4-7.
• [7] Hedgehog signaling antagonist GDC-0449 (Vismodegib) inhibits pancreatic cancer stem cell characteristics: molecular mechanisms. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27306. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027306. Epub 2011 Nov 8.
• [8] Epigenetic targeting of Hedgehog pathway transcriptional output through BET bromodomain inhibition. Nat Med. 2014 Jul;20(7):732-40. doi: 10.1038/nm.3613. Epub 2014 Jun 29.
• [9] Enhancement of the antiproliferative activity of gemcitabine by modulation of c-Met pathway in pancreatic cancer. Curr Pharm Des. 2013;19(5):940-50.
• [10] Antitumor action of the MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib (PF-02341066) in gastric cancer positive for MET amplification. Mol Cancer Ther. 2012 Jul;11(7):1557-64. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-11-0934. Epub 2012 Jun 22.
• [11] Aberrant expression of the transcriptional factor Twist1 promotes invasiveness in ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Cell Signal. 2012 Apr;24(4):852-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.11.020. Epub 2011 Dec 8.
• [12] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [13] Met tyrosine kinase inhibitor, PF-2341066, suppresses growth and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015 Aug 26;9:4897-907.
• [14] Increased oral availability and brain accumulation of the ALK inhibitor crizotinib by coadministration of the P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) inhibitor elacridar. Int J Cancer. 2014 Mar 15;134(6):1484-94.
• [15] Contribution of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 to the disposition of sorafenib and sorafenib-glucuronide. Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Mar 15;19(6):1458-66.
• [16] Crizotinib for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2013 Jun 1;70(11):943-7.
• [17] Editor's Highlight: PlacentalDisposition and Effects of Crizotinib: An Ex Vivo Study in the Isolated Dual-Side Perfused Human Cotyledon. Toxicol Sci. 2017 Jun 1;157(2):500-509. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx063.
• [18] Multi-parameter in vitro toxicity testing of crizotinib, sunitinib, erlotinib, and nilotinib in human cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013 Oct 1;272(1):245-55.
• [19] Rapid-onset hypogonadism secondary to crizotinib use in men with metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancer. 2012 Nov 1;118(21):5302-9. doi: 10.1002/cncr.27450. Epub 2012 Apr 4.
• [20] Structure based drug design of crizotinib (PF-02341066), a potent and selective dual inhibitor of mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-MET) kinase and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). J Med Chem. 2011 Sep 22;54(18):6342-63. doi: 10.1021/jm2007613. Epub 2011 Aug 18.
• [21] ROS-dependent DNA damage contributes to crizotinib-induced hepatotoxicity via the apoptotic pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2019 Nov 15;383:114768. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114768. Epub 2019 Oct 19.
• [22] Therapeutic strategies to overcome crizotinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancers harboring the fusion oncogene EML4-ALK. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 May 3;108(18):7535-40. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1019559108. Epub 2011 Apr 18.
• [23] Tyrosine phosphorylation of the scaffold protein IQGAP1 in the MET pathway alters function. J Biol Chem. 2020 Dec 25;295(52):18105-18121. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA120.015891. Epub 2020 Oct 21.
• [24] Crizotinib-resistant mutants of EML4-ALK identified through an accelerated mutagenesis screen. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2011 Dec;78(6):999-1005. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01239.x. Epub 2011 Oct 31.
• [25] Mechanisms of acquired crizotinib resistance in ALK-rearranged lung Cancers. Sci Transl Med. 2012 Feb 8;4(120):120ra17. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003316. Epub 2012 Jan 25.
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