Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC54XZG)

• Drug Combination Name: Vismodegib + Sirolimus
• Indication: Carcinoma; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Vismodegib (DM5IXKQ): Small molecular drug
  Sirolimus (DMGW1ID): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: RXF 393
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 9.29
  Bliss Independence Score: 9.13
  Loewe Additivity Score: 9.3
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 13.2

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Vismodegib

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Basal cell carcinoma	2C32	Approved	[2]
Primitive neuroectodermal tumour medulloblastoma	2A00.11	Phase 2	[3]

Vismodegib Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Smoothened homolog (SMO)	TT8J1S3	SMO_HUMAN	Modulator	[10]

Vismodegib Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[11]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Metabolism	[11]

Vismodegib Interacts with 13 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A (TNFRSF10A)	OTBPCU2O	TR10A_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[12]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B (TNFRSF10B)	OTA1CPBV	TR10B_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[12]
Zinc finger protein GLI1 (GLI1)	OT1BTAJO	GLI1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[12]
Zinc finger protein GLI2 (GLI2)	OTIRV97L	GLI2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[12]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2)	OT9DVHC0	BCL2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[12]
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA)	OTDJXUCN	PGFRA_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[12]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (FAS)	OTP9XG86	TNR6_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[12]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[12]
Protein patched homolog 1 (PTCH1)	OTMG07H5	PTC1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[12]
Protein smoothened (SMO)	OTXXE208	SMO_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[12]
Protein patched homolog 2 (PTCH2)	OTOQ0K9V	PTC2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[12]
Suppressor of fused homolog (SUFU)	OT0IRYG1	SUFU_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[13]
N-myc proto-oncogene protein (MYCN)	OTWD33K1	MYCN_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[13]

Indication(s) of Sirolimus

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Advanced cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Approved	[4]
Brainstem neoplasm	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Graft-versus-host disease	4B24	Approved	[4]
Intracranial meningioma	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Lung cancer	2C25.0	Approved	[4]
Lung lymphangioleiomyomatosis	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis	CB07	Approved	[5]
Mucosal melanoma	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Multiple myeloma	2A83	Approved	[6]
Multiple sclerosis	8A40	Approved	[4]
Non-small-cell lung cancer	2C25.Y	Approved	[4]
Organ transplant rejection	NE84	Approved	[7]
Plasma cell myeloma	2A83.1	Approved	[4]
Prostate cancer	2C82.0	Approved	[4]
Salivary gland squamous cell carcinoma	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Uveitis	9A96.Z	Phase 3	[8]
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)	1D6Y	Phase 2	[9]
Dutch elm disease	8D64	Phase 1/2	[7]
Castration-resistant prostate carcinoma	N.A.	Investigative	[4]
Neuroblastoma	2D11.2	Investigative	[4]
Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma	N.A.	Investigative	[4]
Polycystic kidney disease	GB8Y	Investigative	[4]
Rheumatoid arthritis	FA20	Investigative	[4]

Sirolimus Interacts with 3 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR (mTOR)	TTCJG29	MTOR_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[14]
PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (PAm pathway)	TTGQUFK	NOUNIPROTAC	Inhibitor	[15]
HUMAN mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)	TT7HQAF	MTOR_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[16]

Sirolimus Interacts with 2 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[17]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (SLCO1B1)	DT3D8F0	SO1B1_HUMAN	Substrate	[18]

Sirolimus Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[19]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)	DEIBDNY	CP3A5_HUMAN	Metabolism	[20]
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (CYP3A7)	DERD86B	CP3A7_HUMAN	Metabolism	[20]

Sirolimus Interacts with 3 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Interleukin-2 (IL2)	OTGI4NSA	IL2_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[21]
Calcineurin subunit B type 1 (PPP3R1)	OTGQNFJQ	CANB1_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[21]
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma (RORC)	OTUBFRPC	RORG_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[21]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Carcinoma	DCQ7T1L	MCF7	Investigative	[1]
Colon carcinoma	DCKFRTB	KM12	Investigative	[1]
Invasive ductal carcinoma	DCK8RYW	BT-549	Investigative	[1]
Adenocarcinoma	DCKKI8L	DU-145	Investigative	[22]
Adenocarcinoma	DCY858Y	OVCAR3	Investigative	[22]
Adenocarcinoma	DCXVV9F	A549	Investigative	[22]
Adenocarcinoma	DCJ3E0E	NCIH23	Investigative	[22]
Adenocarcinoma	DCQ80U6	HT29	Investigative	[22]
Adenocarcinoma	DCMGP08	HCT116	Investigative	[22]
Adenocarcinoma	DCHBN11	HCT-15	Investigative	[22]
Adult T acute lymphoblastic leukemia	DCDINLA	MOLT-4	Investigative	[22]
Astrocytoma	DC6Q4IB	U251	Investigative	[22]
Childhood T acute lymphoblastic leukemia	DCP1IG9	CCRF-CEM	Investigative	[22]
Chronic myelogenous leukemia	DCNCXHY	K-562	Investigative	[22]
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma	DCDJ2XD	TK-10	Investigative	[22]
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma	DCTIV37	786-0	Investigative	[22]
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma	DCEP4SG	A498	Investigative	[22]
Glioma	DCBXAGB	SF-539	Investigative	[22]
Glioma	DCOJEUT	SF-295	Investigative	[22]
High grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma	DCVM6JY	OVCAR-5	Investigative	[22]
High grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma	DC5FXYJ	OVCAR-8	Investigative	[22]
High grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma	DCSCH37	OVCAR-4	Investigative	[22]
Lung adenocarcinoma	DC4FU3W	MDA-MB-231	Investigative	[22]
Lung adenocarcinoma	DC64QRM	EKVX	Investigative	[22]
Lung adenocarcinoma	DCHIKZE	NCI-H522	Investigative	[22]
Malignant melanoma	DC7CIVY	UACC62	Investigative	[22]
Malignant melanoma	DCMB6G9	LOX IMVI	Investigative	[22]
Melanoma	DC4LBG6	MALME-3M	Investigative	[22]
Minimally invasive lung adenocarcinoma	DCEYFU3	NCI-H322M	Investigative	[22]
Mixed endometrioid and clear cell carcinoma	DC55ZN6	IGROV1	Investigative	[22]
Non-small cell lung carcinoma	DCQP4T1	HOP-92	Investigative	[22]
Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma	DCWC4CW	SK-OV-3	Investigative	[22]
Pleural epithelioid mesothelioma	DC8Q12C	NCI-H226	Investigative	[22]
Prostate carcinoma	DCRO9QQ	PC-3	Investigative	[22]
Renal cell carcinoma	DCUP38V	UO-31	Investigative	[22]
Renal cell carcinoma	DC4JQNC	SN12C	Investigative	[22]

References

• [1] Biologically active neutrophil chemokine pattern in tonsillitis.Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Mar;135(3):511-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2003.02390.x.
• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6975).
• [3] A phase II, multicenter, open-label, 3-cohort trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of vismodegib in operable basal cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015 Jul;73(1):99-105.e1.
• [4] Sirolimus FDA Label
• [5] FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2019. Application Number: (ANDA) 201578.
• [6] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [7] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6031).
• [8] Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
• [9] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04341675) Sirolimus Treatment in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [10] Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2013 Feb;12(2):87-90.
• [11] The dawn of hedgehog inhibitors: Vismodegib. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2013 Jan;4(1):4-7.
• [12] Hedgehog signaling antagonist GDC-0449 (Vismodegib) inhibits pancreatic cancer stem cell characteristics: molecular mechanisms. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27306. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027306. Epub 2011 Nov 8.
• [13] Epigenetic targeting of Hedgehog pathway transcriptional output through BET bromodomain inhibition. Nat Med. 2014 Jul;20(7):732-40. doi: 10.1038/nm.3613. Epub 2014 Jun 29.
• [14] Knockouts model the 100 best-selling drugs--will they model the next 100 Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2003 Jan;2(1):38-51.
• [15] The genomic landscape of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Nat Genet. 2014 Aug;46(8):866-71.
• [16] Network-based drug repurposing for novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2. Cell Discov. 2020 Mar 16;6:14.
• [17] Pharmacogenetics of tacrolimus and sirolimus in renal transplant patients: from retrospective analyses to prospective studies. Transplant Proc. 2007 Sep;39(7):2142-4.
• [18] Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between the immunosuppressant sirolimus and the lipid-lowering drug ezetimibe in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Jun;87(6):663-7.
• [19] Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448.
• [20] Drug Interactions Flockhart Table
• [21] ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
• [22] Loss of function mutations in VARS encoding cytoplasmic valyl-tRNA synthetase cause microcephaly, seizures, and progressive cerebral atrophy.Hum Genet. 2018 Apr;137(4):293-303. doi: 10.1007/s00439-018-1882-3. Epub 2018 Apr 24.