Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC6WXT1)

• Drug Combination Name: Vismodegib + Thioguanine
• Indication: Astrocytoma; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Vismodegib (DM5IXKQ): Small molecular drug
  Thioguanine (DM7NKEV): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: SNB-19
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 5.29
  Bliss Independence Score: 8.29
  Loewe Additivity Score: 1.75
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 8.02

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Vismodegib

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Basal cell carcinoma	2C32	Approved	[2]
Primitive neuroectodermal tumour medulloblastoma	2A00.11	Phase 2	[3]

Vismodegib Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Smoothened homolog (SMO)	TT8J1S3	SMO_HUMAN	Modulator	[8]

Vismodegib Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[9]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Metabolism	[9]

Vismodegib Interacts with 8 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A (TNFRSF10A)	OTBPCU2O	TR10A_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B (TNFRSF10B)	OTA1CPBV	TR10B_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
Zinc finger protein GLI2 (GLI2)	OTIRV97L	GLI2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (FAS)	OTP9XG86	TNR6_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
Protein patched homolog 1 (PTCH1)	OTMG07H5	PTC1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
Protein smoothened (SMO)	OTXXE208	SMO_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
Protein patched homolog 2 (PTCH2)	OTOQ0K9V	PTC2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
Suppressor of fused homolog (SUFU)	OT0IRYG1	SUFU_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[11]

Indication(s) of Thioguanine

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Acute lymphocytic leukaemia	2B33.3	Approved	[4]
Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[5]
Acute myeloid leukaemia	2A60	Approved	[6]
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)	1D64	Preclinical	[7]
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)	1D65	Preclinical	[7]

Thioguanine Interacts with 3 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
MERS-CoV papain-like proteinase (PL-PRO)	TTYJOLE	R1AB_CVEMC (854-2740)	Inhibitor	[7]
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH)	TTCAQMW	NOUNIPROTAC	Intercalator	[12]
SARS-CoV papain-like proteinase (PL-PRO)	TTRGHB2	R1AB_CVHSA (819-2740)	Inhibitor	[7]

Thioguanine Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[13]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (ABCC4)	DTCSGPB	MRP4_HUMAN	Substrate	[14]
Concentrative Na(+)-nucleoside cotransporter 3 (SLC28A3)	DT4YL5R	S28A3_HUMAN	Substrate	[15]

Thioguanine Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT)	DEFQ8VO	TPMT_HUMAN	Metabolism	[16]
Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT1)	DEVXTP5	HPRT_HUMAN	Metabolism	[17]

Thioguanine Interacts with 3 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Occludin (OCLN)	OTSUTVWL	OCLN_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[18]
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 5 (ABCC5)	OT34G4US	MRP5_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[19]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 (BIRC2)	OTFXFREP	BIRC2_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[20]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Breast adenocarcinoma	DCNFSXF	MDA-MB-468	Investigative	[21]
Carcinoma	DCXIU5B	RXF 393	Investigative	[21]
Adenocarcinoma	DCO6FXE	DU-145	Investigative	[1]
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma	DC0ZPHV	786-0	Investigative	[1]
Glioma	DC9QP16	SF-295	Investigative	[1]
Lung adenocarcinoma	DCXLVZC	HOP-62	Investigative	[1]
Renal cell carcinoma	DCJRVQM	SN12C	Investigative	[1]

References

• [1] CheMBL Affinity Phenotypic Cellular Interaction Assay ID: CHEMBL1125976
• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6975).
• [3] A phase II, multicenter, open-label, 3-cohort trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of vismodegib in operable basal cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015 Jul;73(1):99-105.e1.
• [4] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [5] Thioguanine FDA Label
• [6] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6845).
• [7] Thiopurine analogs and mycophenolic acid synergistically inhibit the papain-like protease of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Antiviral Res. 2015 Mar;115:9-16.
• [8] Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2013 Feb;12(2):87-90.
• [9] The dawn of hedgehog inhibitors: Vismodegib. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2013 Jan;4(1):4-7.
• [10] Hedgehog signaling antagonist GDC-0449 (Vismodegib) inhibits pancreatic cancer stem cell characteristics: molecular mechanisms. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27306. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027306. Epub 2011 Nov 8.
• [11] Epigenetic targeting of Hedgehog pathway transcriptional output through BET bromodomain inhibition. Nat Med. 2014 Jul;20(7):732-40. doi: 10.1038/nm.3613. Epub 2014 Jun 29.
• [12] Immune effector cells produce lethal DNA damage in cells treated with a thiopurine. Cancer Res. 2009 Mar 15;69(6):2393-9.
• [13] ABC transporters and their role in nucleoside and nucleotide drug resistance. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 Apr 15;83(8):1073-83.
• [14] Multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4) mediates efflux of bimane-glutathione. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004 Feb;36(2):247-57.
• [15] Involvement of the concentrative nucleoside transporter 3 and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 in the resistance of T-lymphoblastic cell lines to thiopurines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Apr 28;343(1):208-15.
• [16] Usefulness of thiopurine methyltransferase and thiopurine metabolite analysis in clinical practice in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2010 Jul-Sep;73(3):331-5.
• [17] Qualitative and quantitative difference in mutation induction between carbon- and neon-ion beams in normal human cells. Biol Sci Space. 2003 Dec;17(4):302-6.
• [18] The thiopurine methyltransferase genetic polymorphism is associated with thioguanine-related veno-occlusive disease of the liver in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Oct;80(4):375-83. doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2006.07.002.
• [19] The multidrug resistance protein 5 (ABCC5) confers resistance to 5-fluorouracil and transports its monophosphorylated metabolites. Mol Cancer Ther. 2005 May;4(5):855-63.
• [20] Expression and prognostic significance of IAP-family genes in human cancers and myeloid leukemias. Clin Cancer Res. 2000 May;6(5):1796-803.
• [21] CheMBL Affinity Phenotypic Cellular Interaction Assay ID: CHEMBL1126165