Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC7UO5I)

• Drug Combination Name: Reserpine + Levofloxacin
• Indication: Traumatic Brain Injury; Status: Phase 1 [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Reserpine (DM6VM38): Small molecular drug
  Levofloxacin (DMS60RB): Small molecular drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Reserpine

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Hypertension	BA00-BA04	Approved	[2]
Malignant essential hypertension	BA00	Approved	[3]
Psychotic disorder	6A20-6A25	Approved	[3]

Reserpine Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Synaptic vesicle amine transporter (SLC18A2)	TTNZRI3	VMAT2_HUMAN	Blocker	[6]

Reserpine Interacts with 2 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[7]
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]

Reserpine Interacts with 14 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1)	OTEJROBO	MDR1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[9]
Pro-neuropeptide Y (NPY)	OT4ICV3P	NPY_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[10]
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11)	OTRU7THO	ABCBB_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[11]
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10)	OTOA4HTH	AK1BA_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[12]
Beta-1,3-galactosyl-O-glycosyl-glycoprotein beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3 (GCNT3)	OTQ9ALTR	GCNT3_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[12]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5)	OTILXZYL	BIRC5_HUMAN	Affects Binding	[13]
Myc proto-oncogene protein (MYC)	OTPV5LUK	MYC_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[14]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 3 (KCNA3)	OTXSP3AA	KCNA3_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[15]
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SIAH1 (SIAH1)	OT29A838	SIAH1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[14]
Chromaffin granule amine transporter (SLC18A1)	OT01OALS	VMAT1_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[10]
Secretogranin-1 (CHGB)	OT7SAQT2	SCG1_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[10]
N-alpha-acetyltransferase 20 (NAA20)	OTJB0VA6	NAA20_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[10]
Peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM)	OTX8HV5B	AMD_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[10]
Secretogranin-2 (SCG2)	OTXWUQQL	SCG2_BOVIN	Increases ADR	[10]

Indication(s) of Levofloxacin

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Acute maxillary sinusitis	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Anthrax	1B97	Approved	[4]
Bacterial infection	1A00-1C4Z	Approved	[5]
Latent tuberculosis infection	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Pyelonephritis	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Staphylococcal pneumonia	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Staphylococcus aureus infection	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Streptococcal pneumonia	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Pneumonia caused by chlamydia	N.A.	Investigative	[4]

Levofloxacin Interacts with 2 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Bacterial DNA gyrase (Bact gyrase)	TTN6J5F	GYRA_STAAU; GYRB_STAAU	Modulator	[16]
Staphylococcus Topoisomerase IV (Stap-coc parC)	TTIXTO3	PARC_STAAS	Modulator	[16]

Levofloxacin Interacts with 2 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (SLCO1A2)	DTE2B1D	SO1A2_HUMAN	Substrate	[17]

Levofloxacin Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Beta-lactamase (blaB)	DEP0IWS	A0A378EHS6_KLEPR	Metabolism	[18]

Levofloxacin Interacts with 5 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Antileukoproteinase (SLPI)	OTUNFUU8	SLPI_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8)	OTS7T5VH	IL8_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[19]
Tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein (TNFAIP6)	OT1SLUZH	TSG6_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
PTB-containing, cubilin and LRP1-interacting protein (PID1)	OT5YJ7FI	PCLI1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (MAP1LC3B)	OTUYHB84	MLP3B_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[20]

References

• [1] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06199778) Effect of Intermittent Oro-esophageal Tube Feeding on Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients With Tracheostomy
• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4823).
• [3] Reserpine FDA Label
• [4] Levofloxacin FDA Label
• [5] How many modes of action should an antibiotic have Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2008 Oct;8(5):564-73.
• [6] Dopamine signaling is required for depolarization-induced slow current in cerebellar Purkinje cells. J Neurosci. 2009 Jul 1;29(26):8530-8.
• [7] Improving the prediction of the brain disposition for orally administered drugs using BDDCS. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2012 Jan;64(1):95-109.
• [8] Mammalian drug efflux transporters of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) family in multidrug resistance: A review of the past decade. Cancer Lett. 2016 Jan 1;370(1):153-64.
• [9] A structure-function relationship among reserpine and yohimbine analogues in their ability to increase expression of mdr1 and P-glycoprotein in a human colon carcinoma cell line. Mol Pharmacol. 1995 Oct;48(4):682-9.
• [10] ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
• [11] Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Dec; 118(2):485-500.
• [12] Oxidative stress mechanisms do not discriminate between genotoxic and nongenotoxic liver carcinogens. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015 Aug 17;28(8):1636-46.
• [13] Studies on alkaloids binding to GC-rich human survivin promoter DNA using positive and negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom. 2008 Mar;43(3):327-35. doi: 10.1002/jms.1320.
• [14] Isoreserpine promotes beta-catenin degradation via Siah-1 up-regulation in HCT116 colon cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Sep 25;387(3):444-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.07.027. Epub 2009 Jul 14.
• [15] Identification of quaternary ammonium compounds as potent inhibitors of hERG potassium channels. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2011 May 1;252(3):250-8. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.02.016. Epub 2011 Feb 26.
• [16] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
• [17] Identification of influx transporter for the quinolone antibacterial agent levofloxacin. Mol Pharm. 2007 Jan-Feb;4(1):85-94.
• [18] Analysis of the drug-resistant characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from the respiratory tract and CTX-M ESBL genes. Genet Mol Res. 2015 Oct 5;14(4):12043-8.
• [19] An in vitro coculture system of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cells for predicting drug-induced liver injury. Arch Toxicol. 2021 Jan;95(1):149-168. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02882-4. Epub 2020 Aug 20.
• [20] TNF enhances trovafloxacin-induced in vitro hepatotoxicity by inhibiting protective autophagy. Toxicol Lett. 2021 May 15;342:73-84. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.02.009. Epub 2021 Feb 17.