Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC9FMER)

• Drug Combination Name: Amonafide + Dacarbazine
• Indication: Adult acute myeloid leukemia; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Amonafide (DMAH59S): Small molecular drug
  Dacarbazine (DMNPZL4): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: HL-60(TB)
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 4.34
  Bliss Independence Score: 4.34
  Loewe Additivity Score: 1.7
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 7.31

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Amonafide

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Phase 3	[2]
Ovarian cancer	2C73	Phase 3	[2]
Prostate cancer	2C82.0	Phase 3	[2]

Indication(s) of Dacarbazine

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Adenocarcinoma	2D40	Approved	[3]
Astrocytoma	2A00.0Y	Approved	[3]
Brain disease	8C70-8E61	Approved	[3]
Central nervous system disease	8A04-8D87	Approved	[3]
Glioblastoma	2A00	Approved	[3]
Gliosarcoma	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Melanoma	2C30	Approved	[4]
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma	N.A.	Investigative	[3]
Neuroblastoma	2D11.2	Investigative	[3]

Dacarbazine Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Human Deoxyribonucleic acid (hDNA)	TTUTN1I	NOUNIPROTAC	Breaker	[6]

Dacarbazine Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DEJGDUW	CP1A2_HUMAN	Metabolism	[7]
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1)	DE6OQ3W	CP1A1_HUMAN	Metabolism	[8]
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)	DEVDYN7	CP2E1_HUMAN	Metabolism	[9]

Dacarbazine Interacts with 12 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5)	OTILXZYL	BIRC5_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8)	OTS7T5VH	IL8_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[5]
Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1)	OT43DI6J	IRF1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[11]
Methylated-DNA--protein-cysteine methyltransferase (MGMT)	OT40A9WH	MGMT_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[12]
Induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 (MCL1)	OT2YYI1A	MCL1_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[13]
DNA repair nuclease/redox regulator APEX1 (APEX1)	OT53OI14	APEX1_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[14]
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 (SLC2A1)	OTA675TJ	GTR1_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[15]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3)	OTCYKGKO	MK03_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[16]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)	OTH85PI5	MK01_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[16]
Clusterin (CLU)	OTQGG0JM	CLUS_HUMAN	Affects Response To Substance	[17]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 (MAP3K1)	OTS3FVTY	M3K1_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[16]
Erythropoietin (EPO)	OTZ90CN4	EPO_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[18]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma	DCJQETA	SR	Investigative	[1]
Glioma	DCQLPXC	SF-268	Investigative	[1]
Malignant melanoma	DC0C4A2	LOX IMVI	Investigative	[1]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00715637) Phase III Randomized Study of Amonafide (AS1413) and Cytarabine Versus Daunorubicin and Cytarabine in Patients With Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)- the ACCEDEStudy. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [3] Dacarbazine FDA Label
• [4] FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 075259.
• [5] Dacarbazine causes transcriptional up-regulation of interleukin 8 and vascular endothelial growth factor in melanoma cells: a possible escape mechanism from chemotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther. 2003 Aug;2(8):753-63.
• [6] Predicting the myelotoxicity of chemotherapy: the use of pretreatment O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase determination in peripheral blood mono... Melanoma Res. 2011 Dec;21(6):502-8.
• [7] Study on mesenchymal stem cells mediated enzyme-prodrug gene CYP1A2 targeting anti-tumor effect. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2009 Oct;30(10):667-71.
• [8] Metabolic activation of dacarbazine by human cytochromes P450: the role of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP2E1. Clin Cancer Res. 1999 Aug;5(8):2192-7.
• [9] Role of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes in metabolism of O(6)-benzylguanine: implications for dacarbazine activation. Clin Cancer Res. 2001 Dec;7(12):4239-44.
• [10] Serum bcl-2 and survivin levels in melanoma. Melanoma Res. 2004 Dec;14(6):543-6. doi: 10.1097/00008390-200412000-00017.
• [11] CD69 on CD56+ NK cells and response to chemoimmunotherapy in metastatic melanoma. Eur J Clin Invest. 2007 Nov;37(11):887-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2007.01873.x.
• [12] Pharmacokinetic, biochemical and clinical effects of dimethyltriazenoimidazole-4-carboxamide-bischloroethylnitrosourea combination therapy in patients with advanced breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 2003 Feb 20;103(5):686-92. doi: 10.1002/ijc.10849.
• [13] Mcl-1 antisense therapy chemosensitizes human melanoma in a SCID mouse xenotransplantation model. J Invest Dermatol. 2003 Jun;120(6):1081-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12252.x.
• [14] Impairment of APE1 function enhances cellular sensitivity to clinically relevant alkylators and antimetabolites. Mol Cancer Res. 2009 Jun;7(6):897-906. doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-08-0519. Epub 2009 May 26.
• [15] Glut-1 as a therapeutic target: increased chemoresistance and HIF-1-independent link with cell turnover is revealed through COMPARE analysis and metabolomic studies. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2008 Mar;61(3):377-93. doi: 10.1007/s00280-007-0480-1. Epub 2007 May 23.
• [16] Exposure of melanoma cells to dacarbazine results in enhanced tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. J Clin Oncol. 2004 Jun 1;22(11):2092-100. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2004.11.070. Epub 2004 May 3.
• [17] Clusterin regulates drug-resistance in melanoma cells. J Invest Dermatol. 2005 Jun;124(6):1300-7. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23720.x.
• [18] Functional erythropoietin autocrine loop in melanoma. Am J Pathol. 2005 Mar;166(3):823-30. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)62303-6.