Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCIFIFH)

• Drug Combination Name: Epirubicin + Pomalidomide
• Indication: Carcinoma; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Epirubicin (DMPDW6T): Small molecular drug
  Pomalidomide (DMTGBAX): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: RXF 393
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 5.85
  Bliss Independence Score: 10.79
  Loewe Additivity Score: 8.87
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 9.66

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Epirubicin

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Solid tumour/cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Approved	[2]

Epirubicin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2)	TT0IHXV	TOP2A_HUMAN; TOP2B_HUMAN	Modulator	[5]

Epirubicin Interacts with 4 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1)	DTSYQGK	MRP1_HUMAN	Substrate	[6]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (ABCC2)	DTFI42L	MRP2_HUMAN	Substrate	[7]
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[7]
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[7]

Epirubicin Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7)	DEB3CV1	UD2B7_HUMAN	Metabolism	[8]

Epirubicin Interacts with 19 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1 (ABCB1)	OTEJROBO	MDR1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[9]
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 (ABCG2)	OTW8V2V1	ABCG2_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[10]
Natriuretic peptides A (NPPA)	OTMQNTNX	ANF_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[11]
Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha (IL6R)	OTCQL07Z	IL6RA_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[12]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3)	OTCYKGKO	MK03_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[13]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)	OTH85PI5	MK01_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[13]
Protein PML (PML)	OT6SM2GD	PML_HUMAN	Affects Mutagenesis	[14]
FK506-binding protein-like (FKBPL)	OTR9ND6K	FKBPL_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[15]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A (TNFRSF1A)	OT2D9DOV	TNR1A_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[16]
MARVEL domain-containing protein 1 (MARVELD1)	OT5CPOJE	MALD1_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[17]
Phospholysine phosphohistidine inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase (LHPP)	OT9AGAIJ	LHPP_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[16]
Alpha-protein kinase 1 (ALPK1)	OTBW6SGD	ALPK1_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[18]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 (BIRC6)	OTCQJAB0	BIRC6_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[19]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5)	OTILXZYL	BIRC5_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[20]
Superoxide dismutase , mitochondrial (SOD2)	OTIWXGZ9	SODM_HUMAN	Affects Response To Substance	[21]
Protein S100-P (S100P)	OTJCXNJG	S100P_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[22]
Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 2 (PHLDA2)	OTMV9DPP	PHLA2_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[23]
Little elongation complex subunit 1 (ICE1)	OTOXTBUH	ICE1_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[16]
Microcephalin (MCPH1)	OTYT3TT5	MCPH1_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[18]

Indication(s) of Pomalidomide

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Plasma cell myeloma	2A83.1	Approved	[3]
Systemic sclerosis	4A42	Approved	[4]

Pomalidomide Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Angiogenesis/myeloma cell growth (AMCG)	TTDIBYJ	NOUNIPROTAC	Modulator	[24]

Pomalidomide Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[25]

Pomalidomide Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[26]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DEJGDUW	CP1A2_HUMAN	Metabolism	[27]

Pomalidomide Interacts with 15 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2)	OTAD2HEL	CCL2_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[28]
Erythroid transcription factor (GATA1)	OTX1R7O1	GATA1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[28]
Transcription factor JunD (JUND)	OTNKACJD	JUND_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[28]
Transcription factor PU.1 (SPI1)	OTVCA1D0	SPI1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[28]
Endothelial transcription factor GATA-2 (GATA2)	OTBP2QQ2	GATA2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[28]
DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-1 (ID1)	OTKGNZN5	ID1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[28]
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA)	OTOM9OE4	CEBPA_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[28]
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (CEBPD)	OTNBIPMY	CEBPD_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[28]
Krueppel-like factor 1 (KLF1)	OT1FK08U	KLF1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[28]
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein epsilon (CEBPE)	OTKZA25M	CEBPE_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[28]
Transcription factor NF-E2 45 kDa subunit (NFE2)	OTLM94BI	NFE2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[28]
Zinc finger protein Gfi-1b (GFI1B)	OTRDW8YO	GFI1B_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[28]
Zinc finger protein Gfi-1 (GFI1)	OT9HB9H8	GFI1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[28]
Sal-like protein 4 (SALL4)	OTC08PR5	SALL4_HUMAN	Affects Binding	[29]
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19)	OTFMJYYE	CP2CJ_HUMAN	Increases Oxidation	[30]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Adult T acute lymphoblastic leukemia	DCAHPGN	MOLT-4	Investigative	[31]
Astrocytoma	DCYT3WH	SNB-19	Investigative	[31]
Childhood T acute lymphoblastic leukemia	DCNZ6XD	CCRF-CEM	Investigative	[31]
Chronic myelogenous leukemia	DC4TGFI	K-562	Investigative	[31]
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma	DCWUG1R	TK-10	Investigative	[31]
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma	DCHTSZD	A498	Investigative	[31]
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma	DCPEMOD	786-0	Investigative	[31]
Glioma	DC29C7Q	SF-268	Investigative	[31]
Carcinoma	DC30ATM	MCF7	Investigative	[1]
Colon carcinoma	DC47Z24	KM12	Investigative	[1]
Invasive ductal carcinoma	DCEXUTT	HS 578T	Investigative	[1]
Invasive ductal carcinoma	DCOR888	BT-549	Investigative	[1]
Adenocarcinoma	DC9C35Q	DU-145	Investigative	[32]
Adenocarcinoma	DCKYPJT	OVCAR3	Investigative	[32]
Adenocarcinoma	DC957Q6	HCT116	Investigative	[32]
Amelanotic melanoma	DCUL0OE	MDA-MB-435	Investigative	[32]
Amelanotic melanoma	DCBAKL9	M14	Investigative	[32]
Cutaneous melanoma	DCITQRR	SK-MEL-28	Investigative	[32]
High grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma	DCLSYCA	OVCAR-5	Investigative	[32]
High grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma	DCU7R6F	OVCAR-8	Investigative	[32]
High grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma	DCXDJWC	NCI\\/ADR-RES	Investigative	[32]
Lung adenocarcinoma	DCRPZ07	EKVX	Investigative	[32]
Lung adenocarcinoma	DCDRERE	NCI-H522	Investigative	[32]
Malignant melanoma	DC42R3P	UACC62	Investigative	[32]
Melanoma	DCRMTEP	SK-MEL-2	Investigative	[32]
Melanoma	DCIF9VP	UACC-257	Investigative	[32]
Melanoma	DCPUDO8	MALME-3M	Investigative	[32]
Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma	DCL8Z2Y	SK-OV-3	Investigative	[32]
Pleural epithelioid mesothelioma	DCQ5X84	NCI-H226	Investigative	[32]

References

• [1] CheMBL Affinity Phenotypic Cellular Interaction Assay ID: CHEMBL1126165
• [2] New drugs for the treatment of cancer, 1990-2001. Isr Med Assoc J. 2002 Dec;4(12):1124-31.
• [3] Pomalidomide FDA Label
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7348).
• [5] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
• [6] Sulindac sulfide selectively increases sensitivity of ABCC1 expressing tumor cells to doxorubicin and glutathione depletion. J Biomed Res. 2016 Mar;30(2):120-133.
• [7] Mammalian drug efflux transporters of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) family in multidrug resistance: A review of the past decade. Cancer Lett. 2016 Jan 1;370(1):153-64.
• [8] Epirubicin glucuronidation and UGT2B7 developmental expression. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Dec;34(12):2097-101.
• [9] Co-encapsulation of chrysophsin-1 and epirubicin in PEGylated liposomes circumvents multidrug resistance in HeLa cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2015 Dec 5;242:13-23. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.08.023. Epub 2015 Sep 1.
• [10] Camptothecin resistance: role of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC), mitoxantrone-resistance half-transporter (MXR), and potential for glucuronidation in MXR-expressing cells. Cancer Res. 1999 Dec 1;59(23):5938-46.
• [11] Preliminary study on behaviour of atrial natriuretic factor in anthracycline-related cardiac toxicity. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. 1991;11(2):75-81.
• [12] Persistence, up to 18 months of follow-up, of epirubicin-induced myocardial dysfunction detected early by serial tissue Doppler echocardiography: correlation with inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Oncologist. 2008 Dec;13(12):1296-305. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0151. Epub 2008 Dec 5.
• [13] (-)-Gossypol enhances the anticancer activity of epirubicin via downregulating survivin in hepatocellular carcinoma. Chem Biol Interact. 2022 Sep 1;364:110060. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110060. Epub 2022 Jul 22.
• [14] Evidence for direct involvement of epirubicin in the formation of chromosomal translocations in t(15;17) therapy-related acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood. 2010 Jan 14;115(2):326-30. doi: 10.1182/blood-2009-07-235051. Epub 2009 Nov 2.
• [15] The differential effects of cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and 5-fluorouracil on apoptotic marker (CPP-32), pro-apoptotic protein (p21(WAF-1)) and anti-apoptotic protein (bcl-2) in breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003 Aug;80(3):239-44. doi: 10.1023/A:1024995202135.
• [16] Genome-wide association study of chemotherapeutic agent-induced severe neutropenia/leucopenia for patients in Biobank Japan. Cancer Sci. 2013 Aug;104(8):1074-82. doi: 10.1111/cas.12186. Epub 2013 Jun 10.
• [17] MARVELD1 attenuates arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis in liver cancer cells by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production. Ann Transl Med. 2019 May;7(9):200. doi: 10.21037/atm.2019.04.38.
• [18] Genome-wide association study of epirubicin-induced leukopenia in Japanese patients. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2011 Sep;21(9):552-8. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e328348e48f.
• [19] [Knock-down of apollon gene by antisense oligodeoxynucleotide inhibits the proliferation of Lovo cells and enhances chemo-sensitivity]. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2011 Feb;46(2):138-45.
• [20] [Antisense oligonucleotide targeting survivin induces apoptosis of renal clear-cell carcinoma cells and enhances their sensitivity to epirubicin in vitro]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2005 Aug;27(8):468-70.
• [21] Endogenous antioxidant enzymes and glutathione S-transferase in protection of mesothelioma cells against hydrogen peroxide and epirubicin toxicity. Br J Cancer. 1998 Apr;77(7):1097-102. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1998.182.
• [22] S100P contributes to chemosensitivity of human ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR3. Oncol Rep. 2008 Aug;20(2):325-32.
• [23] TSSC3 overexpression associates with growth inhibition, apoptosis induction and enhances chemotherapeutic effects in human osteosarcoma. Carcinogenesis. 2012 Jan;33(1):30-40. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgr232. Epub 2011 Oct 21.
• [24] Radium 223 dichloride for prostate cancer treatment. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017 Sep 6;11:2643-2651.
• [25] DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. (ID: DB08910)
• [26] Pomalidomide: evaluation of cytochrome P450 and transporter-mediated drug-drug interaction potential in vitro and in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Feb;55(2):168-78.
• [27] Population pharmacokinetics of pomalidomide. J Clin Pharmacol. 2015 May;55(5):563-72.
• [28] Immunomodulatory derivative of thalidomide (IMiD CC-4047) induces a shift in lineage commitment by suppressing erythropoiesis and promoting myelopoiesis. Blood. 2005 May 15;105(10):3833-40. doi: 10.1182/blood-2004-03-0828. Epub 2004 Aug 3.
• [29] Thalidomide promotes degradation of SALL4, a transcription factor implicated in Duane Radial Ray syndrome. Elife. 2018 Aug 1;7:e38430. doi: 10.7554/eLife.38430.
• [30] Human cytochrome P450 oxidation of 5-hydroxythalidomide and pomalidomide, an amino analogue of thalidomide. Chem Res Toxicol. 2014 Jan 21;27(1):147-56. doi: 10.1021/tx4004215. Epub 2013 Dec 24.
• [31] CheMBL Affinity Phenotypic Cellular Interaction Assay ID: CHEMBL1125966
• [32] CheMBL Affinity Phenotypic Cellular Interaction Assay ID: CHEMBL1125976