Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCQAH30)

• Drug Combination Name: Thioguanine + Pralatrexate
• Indication: Childhood T acute lymphoblastic leukemia; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Thioguanine (DM7NKEV): Small molecular drug
  Pralatrexate (DMAO80I): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: CCRF-CEM
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 0.67
  Bliss Independence Score: 0.66
  Loewe Additivity Score: 1.18
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 1.18

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Thioguanine

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Acute lymphocytic leukaemia	2B33.3	Approved	[2]
Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[3]
Acute myeloid leukaemia	2A60	Approved	[4]
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)	1D64	Preclinical	[5]
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)	1D65	Preclinical	[5]

Thioguanine Interacts with 3 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
MERS-CoV papain-like proteinase (PL-PRO)	TTYJOLE	R1AB_CVEMC (854-2740)	Inhibitor	[5]
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH)	TTCAQMW	NOUNIPROTAC	Intercalator	[8]
SARS-CoV papain-like proteinase (PL-PRO)	TTRGHB2	R1AB_CVHSA (819-2740)	Inhibitor	[5]

Thioguanine Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[9]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (ABCC4)	DTCSGPB	MRP4_HUMAN	Substrate	[10]
Concentrative Na(+)-nucleoside cotransporter 3 (SLC28A3)	DT4YL5R	S28A3_HUMAN	Substrate	[11]

Thioguanine Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT)	DEFQ8VO	TPMT_HUMAN	Metabolism	[12]
Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT1)	DEVXTP5	HPRT_HUMAN	Metabolism	[13]

Thioguanine Interacts with 3 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Occludin (OCLN)	OTSUTVWL	OCLN_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[14]
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 5 (ABCC5)	OT34G4US	MRP5_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[15]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 (BIRC2)	OTFXFREP	BIRC2_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[16]

Indication(s) of Pralatrexate

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[6]
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma	2A90.C	Approved	[6]
Primary cutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified	N.A.	Approved	[7]

Pralatrexate Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Polypeptide deformylase (PDF)	TT9SL3Q	DEFM_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[17]

Pralatrexate Interacts with 2 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Folate transporter 1 (SLC19A1)	DTOSN46	S19A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[18]
Proton-coupled folate transporter (SLC46A1)	DTDJEMI	PCFT_HUMAN	Substrate	[18]

Pralatrexate Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Folylpolyglutamate synthase (FPGS)	DECWT2V	FOLC_HUMAN	Metabolism	[19]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Adult T acute lymphoblastic leukemia	DCXG8QG	MOLT-4	Investigative	[1]
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma	DCGRHUF	SR	Investigative	[1]
Glioblastoma	DC04OM5	SNB-75	Investigative	[1]
Glioma	DCNCG5S	SF-295	Investigative	[1]
Carcinoma	DCNY84B	MCF7	Investigative	[20]
Adenocarcinoma	DCUMTE4	A549	Investigative	[21]
Minimally invasive lung adenocarcinoma	DCNPZDN	NCI-H322M	Investigative	[21]

References

• [1] CheMBL Affinity Phenotypic Cellular Interaction Assay ID: CHEMBL1125966
• [2] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [3] Thioguanine FDA Label
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6845).
• [5] Thiopurine analogs and mycophenolic acid synergistically inhibit the papain-like protease of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Antiviral Res. 2015 Mar;115:9-16.
• [6] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6840).
• [7] Pralatrexate FDA Label
• [8] Immune effector cells produce lethal DNA damage in cells treated with a thiopurine. Cancer Res. 2009 Mar 15;69(6):2393-9.
• [9] ABC transporters and their role in nucleoside and nucleotide drug resistance. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 Apr 15;83(8):1073-83.
• [10] Multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4) mediates efflux of bimane-glutathione. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004 Feb;36(2):247-57.
• [11] Involvement of the concentrative nucleoside transporter 3 and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 in the resistance of T-lymphoblastic cell lines to thiopurines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Apr 28;343(1):208-15.
• [12] Usefulness of thiopurine methyltransferase and thiopurine metabolite analysis in clinical practice in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2010 Jul-Sep;73(3):331-5.
• [13] Qualitative and quantitative difference in mutation induction between carbon- and neon-ion beams in normal human cells. Biol Sci Space. 2003 Dec;17(4):302-6.
• [14] The thiopurine methyltransferase genetic polymorphism is associated with thioguanine-related veno-occlusive disease of the liver in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Oct;80(4):375-83. doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2006.07.002.
• [15] The multidrug resistance protein 5 (ABCC5) confers resistance to 5-fluorouracil and transports its monophosphorylated metabolites. Mol Cancer Ther. 2005 May;4(5):855-63.
• [16] Expression and prognostic significance of IAP-family genes in human cancers and myeloid leukemias. Clin Cancer Res. 2000 May;6(5):1796-803.
• [17] Hughes B: 2009 FDA drug approvals. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2010 Feb;9(2):89-92.
• [18] Antifolates in cancer therapy: structure, activity and mechanisms of drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat. 2012 Aug;15(4):183-210.
• [19] Pralatrexate : evaluation of clinical efficacy and toxicity in T-cell lymphoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Mar;14(4):515-23.
• [20] CheMBL Affinity Phenotypic Cellular Interaction Assay ID: CHEMBL1126165
• [21] CheMBL Affinity Phenotypic Cellular Interaction Assay ID: CHEMBL1125976