Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCR8KQW)

• Drug Combination Name: Liraglutide + Glimepiride
• Indication: Diabetes; Status: Phase 1 [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Liraglutide (DM3FXPS): Small molecular drug
  Glimepiride (DM5FSJA): Small molecular drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Liraglutide

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Non-insulin dependent diabetes	5A11	Approved	[2]
Type-2 diabetes	5A11	Approved	[3]
Obesity	5B81	Phase 2	[3]

Liraglutide Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R)	TTVIMDE	GLP1R_HUMAN	Agonist	[5]

Liraglutide Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4)	DEKZQY6	DPP4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[6]
Neprilysin (MME)	DEVN830	NEP_HUMAN	Metabolism	[6]

Liraglutide Interacts with 3 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Estrogen receptor (ESR1)	OTKLU61J	ESR1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[7]
Cadherin-1 (CDH1)	OTFJMXPM	CADH1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[7]
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 33 (ADAM33)	OTRZVI77	ADA33_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[7]

Indication(s) of Glimepiride

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Diabetic complication	5A2Y	Approved	[4]

Glimepiride Interacts with 2 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
ATP-binding cassette transporter C9 (ABCC9)	TTEF5MJ	ABCC9_HUMAN	Blocker	[8]
ATP-binding cassette transporter C8 (ABCC8)	TTP835K	ABCC8_HUMAN	Blocker	[8]

Glimepiride Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11)	DTJ0EW4	ABCBB_HUMAN	Substrate	[9]

Glimepiride Interacts with 1 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Metabolism	[10]

Glimepiride Interacts with 13 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11)	OTRU7THO	ABCBB_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[11]
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3)	OTU2SXBA	AK1C3_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[12]
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 (AKR1C1)	OTQKR4CM	AK1C1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[12]
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 (NR1I2)	OTC5U0N5	NR1I2_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[13]
Insulin (INS)	OTZ85PDU	INS_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[14]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53)	OTIE1VH3	P53_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[15]
Calpain-1 catalytic subunit (CAPN1)	OTK6OQZR	CAN1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[15]
Calpain-2 catalytic subunit (CAPN2)	OTIAPE5J	CAN2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[15]
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G (HLA-G)	OTMLK1KN	HLAG_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[16]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[15]
Calpain-10 (CAPN10)	OTS9LJW4	CAN10_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[15]
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8 (ABCC8)	OTCWQ54I	ABCC8_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[17]
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9 (ABCC9)	OTGAXLQN	ABCC9_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[17]

References

• [1] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01511692) Effect of Liraglutide Compared to Glimepiride on Appetite in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
• [2] Liraglutide FDA Label
• [3] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 1133).
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 6820).
• [5] Emerging drugs for obesity: linking novel biological mechanisms to pharmaceutical pipelines. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2005 Aug;10(3):643-60.
• [6] Metabolism and excretion of the once-daily human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide in healthy male subjects and its in vitro degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase IV and neutral endopeptidase. Drug Metab Dispos. 2010 Nov;38(11):1944-53.
• [7] Antitumoral activity of liraglutide, a new DNMT inhibitor in breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Chem Biol Interact. 2021 Nov 1;349:109641. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109641. Epub 2021 Sep 14.
• [8] Mechanism of disopyramide-induced hypoglycaemia in a patient with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2009 Jan;26(1):76-8.
• [9] Early identification of clinically relevant drug interactions with the human bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11). Toxicol Sci. 2013 Dec;136(2):328-43.
• [10] Effect of CYP2C9 genetic polymorphisms on the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of glimepiride in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2006 May;72(2):148-54.
• [11] Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Dec; 118(2):485-500.
• [12] Initro inhibition of AKR1Cs by sulphonylureas and the structural basis. Chem Biol Interact. 2015 Oct 5;240:310-5.
• [13] Screening of a chemical library reveals novel PXR-activating pharmacologic compounds. Toxicol Lett. 2015 Jan 5;232(1):193-202. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.10.009. Epub 2014 Oct 16.
• [14] Effects of prolonged in vitro exposure to sulphonylureas on the function and survival of human islets. J Diabetes Complications. 2005 Jan-Feb;19(1):60-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2004.05.001.
• [15] A potential role of calpains in sulfonylureas (SUs) -mediated death of human pancreatic cancer cells (1.2B4). Toxicol In Vitro. 2021 Jun;73:105128. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105128. Epub 2021 Feb 27.
• [16] Systems pharmacological analysis of drugs inducing stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015 May 18;28(5):927-34. doi: 10.1021/tx5005248. Epub 2015 Apr 3.
• [17] ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.