Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCXWGE9)

• Drug Combination Name: Glycopyrrolate + Formoterol
• Indication: Cough; Status: Approved [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Glycopyrrolate (DM2M3ZA): Small molecular drug
  Formoterol (DMSOURV): Small molecular drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Glycopyrrolate

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[2]
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	CA22	Approved	[3]

Glycopyrrolate Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (CHRM1)	TTZ9SOR	ACM1_HUMAN	Antagonist	[6]

Glycopyrrolate Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1)	DTT79CX	S22A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[7]

Indication(s) of Formoterol

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Allergic asthma	CA23.0	Approved	[4]
Asthma	CA23	Approved	[5]
Intrinsic asthma	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Pulmonary emphysema	CA21.Z	Approved	[4]

Formoterol Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Adrenergic receptor beta-2 (ADRB2)	TT2CJVK	ADRB2_HUMAN	Agonist	[8]

Formoterol Interacts with 1 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1)	DTT79CX	S22A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[7]

Formoterol Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[9]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Metabolism	[10]
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19)	DEGTFWK	CP2CJ_HUMAN	Metabolism	[9]

Formoterol Interacts with 3 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Interleukin-5 (IL5)	OTAFPSCO	IL5_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[11]
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2)	OTSDOX4Q	ADRB2_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[11]
C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10)	OTTLQ6S0	CXL10_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[11]

References

• [1] UniProt: the universal protein knowledgebase. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jan 4;45(D1):D158-D169. (ID: O95477)
• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7459).
• [3] Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of Novartis.
• [4] Formoterol FDA Label
• [5] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 3465).
• [6] Autonomic cardiovascular control during a novel pharmacologic alternative to ganglionic blockade. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008 May;83(5):692-701.
• [7] Identification of novel substrates and structure-activity relationship of cellular uptake mediated by human organic cation transporters 1 and 2. J Med Chem. 2013 Sep 26;56(18):7232-42.
• [8] Long-acting beta2-agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with poorly reversible airflow limitation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(3):CD001104.
• [9] A comparison of the expression and metabolizing activities of phase I and II enzymes in freshly isolated human lung parenchymal cells and cryopreserved human hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Oct;35(10):1797-805.
• [10] FDA Label of Formoterol. The 2020 official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
• [11] ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.