Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DMGFB0E)

Drug Name
MOXONIDINE
Synonyms
BDF-5895; BE-5895; Normoxin; AC1OCENE; SCHEMBL1230620; Moxonidine hydrochloride hydrate; moxonidine hydrochloride monohydrate; LY-326869; 4-chloro-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-6-methoxy-2-methylpyrimidin-5-amine hydrate hydrochloride
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Alcohol dependence 6C40.2 Approved [1]
Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
ATC Code
C02AC05: MOXONIDINE
C02AC: Imidazoline receptor agonists
C02A: ANTIADRENERGIC AGENTS, CENTRALLY ACTING
C02: ANTIHYPERTENSIVES
C: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Drug Type
Small molecular drug
Structure
3D MOL 2D MOL
#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 0 Molecular Weight (mw) 241.68
Logarithm of the Partition Coefficient (xlogp) 0.6
Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) 3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) 4
ADMET Property
Absorption Tmax
The time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) is 15-44 h []
Bioavailability
88% of drug becomes completely available to its intended biological destination(s) [2]
Clearance
The drug present in the plasma can be removed from the body at the rate of 11 mL/min/kg [3]
Elimination
Elimination is nearly entirely via the kidneys with a majority (50 -75%) of overall moxonidine being eliminated unchanged through renal excretion []
Half-life
The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 2.2 - 2.3 hours []
Metabolism
The drug is metabolized via opening of the imidazoline ring [4]
MRTD
The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 0.1182 micromolar/kg/day [5]
Unbound Fraction
The unbound fraction of drug in plasma is 0.93% [3]
Vd
The volume of distribution (Vd) of drug is 1.8 +/- 0.4 L/kg []
Chemical Identifiers
Formula
C9H12ClN5O
IUPAC Name
4-chloro-N-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-6-methoxy-2-methylpyrimidin-5-amine
Canonical SMILES
CC1=NC(=C(C(=N1)Cl)NC2=NCCN2)OC
InChI
InChI=1S/C9H12ClN5O/c1-5-13-7(10)6(8(14-5)16-2)15-9-11-3-4-12-9/h3-4H2,1-2H3,(H2,11,12,15)
InChIKey
WPNJAUFVNXKLIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
4810
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:7009
CAS Number
75438-57-2
UNII
CC6X0L40GW
DrugBank ID
DB09242
TTD ID
D0E9PK
Combinatorial Drugs (CBD) Click to Jump to the Detailed CBD Information of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug


Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Adrenergic receptor alpha-2A (ADRA2A) TTWG9A4 ADA2A_HUMAN Inhibitor [6]
Adrenergic receptor alpha-2B (ADRA2B) TTWM4TY ADA2B_HUMAN Inhibitor [6]
Adrenergic receptor alpha-2C (ADRA2C) TT2NUT5 ADA2C_HUMAN Inhibitor [6]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Interaction REF
Insulin (INS) OTZ85PDU INS_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [7]
Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

The Studied Disease Alcohol dependence
ICD Disease Classification 6C40.2
Molecule Name Molecule Type Gene Name p-value Fold-Change Z-score
Adrenergic receptor alpha-2C (ADRA2C) DTT ADRA2C 1.76E-01 -0.06 -0.28
Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This Drug

References

1 The role of I(1)-imidazoline and alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors in the modulation of glucose metabolism in the spontaneously hypertensive obese rat ... J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Aug;306(2):646-57.
2 Critical Evaluation of Human Oral Bioavailability for Pharmaceutical Drugs by Using Various Cheminformatics Approaches
3 Trend Analysis of a Database of Intravenous Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Humans for 1352 Drug Compounds
4 Jiang XL, Samant S, Lesko LJ, Schmidt S: Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of clopidogrel. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2015 Feb;54(2):147-66. doi: 10.1007/s40262-014-0230-6.
5 Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
6 Synthesis and pharmacologic evaluation of 2-endo-amino-3-exo-isopropylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane: a potent imidazoline1 receptor specific agent. J Med Chem. 1996 Mar 15;39(6):1193-5.
7 Selective imidazoline agonist moxonidine in obese hypertensive patients. Int J Clin Pract. 2006 May;60(5):621-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1368-5031.2006.00951.x.