General Information of Drug Off-Target (DOT) (ID: OTTEKYKQ)

DOT Name Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D (GRIN2D)
Synonyms GluN2D; EB11; Glutamate receptor subunit epsilon-4; N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype 2D; NMDAR2D; NR2D
Gene Name GRIN2D
Related Disease
Complex neurodevelopmental disorder ( )
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 46 ( )
Undetermined early-onset epileptic encephalopathy ( )
UniProt ID
NMDE4_HUMAN
3D Structure
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2D Sequence (FASTA)
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3D Structure (PDB)
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PDB ID
7YFF; 7YFL; 7YFM; 7YFO; 7YFR; 8E96
Pfam ID
PF01094 ; PF00060 ; PF10613 ; PF00497
Sequence
MRGAGGPRGPRGPAKMLLLLALACASPFPEEAPGPGGAGGPGGGLGGARPLNVALVFSGP
AYAAEAARLGPAVAAAVRSPGLDVRPVALVLNGSDPRSLVLQLCDLLSGLRVHGVVFEDD
SRAPAVAPILDFLSAQTSLPIVAVHGGAALVLTPKEKGSTFLQLGSSTEQQLQVIFEVLE
EYDWTSFVAVTTRAPGHRAFLSYIEVLTDGSLVGWEHRGALTLDPGAGEAVLSAQLRSVS
AQIRLLFCAREEAEPVFRAAEEAGLTGSGYVWFMVGPQLAGGGGSGAPGEPPLLPGGAPL
PAGLFAVRSAGWRDDLARRVAAGVAVVARGAQALLRDYGFLPELGHDCRAQNRTHRGESL
HRYFMNITWDNRDYSFNEDGFLVNPSLVVISLTRDRTWEVVGSWEQQTLRLKYPLWSRYG
RFLQPVDDTQHLTVATLEERPFVIVEPADPISGTCIRDSVPCRSQLNRTHSPPPDAPRPE
KRCCKGFCIDILKRLAHTIGFSYDLYLVTNGKHGKKIDGVWNGMIGEVFYQRADMAIGSL
TINEERSEIVDFSVPFVETGISVMVARSNGTVSPSAFLEPYSPAVWVMMFVMCLTVVAVT
VFIFEYLSPVGYNRSLATGKRPGGSTFTIGKSIWLLWALVFNNSVPVENPRGTTSKIMVL
VWAFFAVIFLASYTANLAAFMIQEEYVDTVSGLSDRKFQRPQEQYPPLKFGTVPNGSTEK
NIRSNYPDMHSYMVRYNQPRVEEALTQLKAGKLDAFIYDAAVLNYMARKDEGCKLVTIGS
GKVFATTGYGIALHKGSRWKRPIDLALLQFLGDDEIEMLERLWLSGICHNDKIEVMSSKL
DIDNMAGVFYMLLVAMGLSLLVFAWEHLVYWRLRHCLGPTHRMDFLLAFSRGMYSCCSAE
AAPPPAKPPPPPQPLPSPAYPAPRPAPGPAPFVPRERASVDRWRRTKGAGPPGGAGLADG
FHRYYGPIEPQGLGLGLGEARAAPRGAAGRPLSPPAAQPPQKPPPSYFAIVRDKEPAEPP
AGAFPGFPSPPAPPAAAATAVGPPLCRLAFEDESPPAPARWPRSDPESQPLLGPGAGGAG
GTGGAGGGAPAAPPPCRAAPPPCPYLDLEPSPSDSEDSESLGGASLGGLEPWWFADFPYP
YAERLGPPPGRYWSVDKLGGWRAGSWDYLPPRSGPAAWHCRHCASLELLPPPRHLSCSHD
GLDGGWWAPPPPPWAAGPLPRRRARCGCPRSHPHRPRASHRTPAAAAPHHHRHRRAAGGW
DLPPPAPTSRSLEDLSSCPRAAPARRLTGPSRHARRCPHAAHWGPPLPTASHRRHRGGDL
GTRRGSAHFSSLESEV
Function
Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition.
KEGG Pathway
Calcium sig.ling pathway (hsa04020 )
cAMP sig.ling pathway (hsa04024 )
Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction (hsa04080 )
Circadian entrainment (hsa04713 )
Long-term potentiation (hsa04720 )
Glutamatergic sy.pse (hsa04724 )
Alzheimer disease (hsa05010 )
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (hsa05014 )
Spinocerebellar ataxia (hsa05017 )
Prion disease (hsa05020 )
Pathways of neurodegeneration - multiple diseases (hsa05022 )
Cocaine addiction (hsa05030 )
Amphetamine addiction (hsa05031 )
Nicotine addiction (hsa05033 )
Alcoholism (hsa05034 )
Reactome Pathway
Ras activation upon Ca2+ influx through NMDA receptor (R-HSA-442982 )
RAF/MAP kinase cascade (R-HSA-5673001 )
Neurexins and neuroligins (R-HSA-6794361 )
Synaptic adhesion-like molecules (R-HSA-8849932 )
Assembly and cell surface presentation of NMDA receptors (R-HSA-9609736 )
Negative regulation of NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal transmission (R-HSA-9617324 )
Long-term potentiation (R-HSA-9620244 )
Unblocking of NMDA receptors, glutamate binding and activation (R-HSA-438066 )

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This DOT

3 Disease(s) Related to This DOT
Disease Name Disease ID Evidence Level Mode of Inheritance REF
Complex neurodevelopmental disorder DISB9AFI Definitive Autosomal dominant [1]
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 46 DIS2G9YJ Strong Autosomal dominant [2]
Undetermined early-onset epileptic encephalopathy DISISEI2 Supportive Autosomal dominant [3]
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Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This DOT
3 Drug(s) Affected the Post-Translational Modifications of This DOT
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Interaction REF
Valproate DMCFE9I Approved Valproate increases the methylation of Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D (GRIN2D). [4]
Arsenic DMTL2Y1 Approved Arsenic affects the methylation of Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D (GRIN2D). [6]
Benzo(a)pyrene DMN7J43 Phase 1 Benzo(a)pyrene decreases the methylation of Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D (GRIN2D). [8]
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4 Drug(s) Affected the Gene/Protein Processing of This DOT
Drug Name Drug ID Highest Status Interaction REF
Tretinoin DM49DUI Approved Tretinoin increases the expression of Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D (GRIN2D). [5]
Niclosamide DMJAGXQ Approved Niclosamide increases the expression of Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D (GRIN2D). [7]
Leflunomide DMR8ONJ Phase 1 Trial Leflunomide increases the expression of Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D (GRIN2D). [9]
Deguelin DMXT7WG Investigative Deguelin decreases the expression of Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D (GRIN2D). [10]
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References

1 Technical standards for the interpretation and reporting of constitutional copy-number variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and the Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen). Genet Med. 2020 Feb;22(2):245-257. doi: 10.1038/s41436-019-0686-8. Epub 2019 Nov 6.
2 Classification of Genes: Standardized Clinical Validity Assessment of Gene-Disease Associations Aids Diagnostic Exome Analysis and Reclassifications. Hum Mutat. 2017 May;38(5):600-608. doi: 10.1002/humu.23183. Epub 2017 Feb 13.
3 GRIN2D Recurrent De Novo Dominant Mutation Causes a Severe Epileptic Encephalopathy Treatable with NMDA Receptor Channel Blockers. Am J Hum Genet. 2016 Oct 6;99(4):802-816. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.07.013. Epub 2016 Sep 8.
4 Integrative omics data analyses of repeated dose toxicity of valproic acid in vitro reveal new mechanisms of steatosis induction. Toxicology. 2018 Jan 15;393:160-170.
5 Transcriptional and Metabolic Dissection of ATRA-Induced Granulocytic Differentiation in NB4 Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells. Cells. 2020 Nov 5;9(11):2423. doi: 10.3390/cells9112423.
6 Prenatal arsenic exposure and the epigenome: identifying sites of 5-methylcytosine alterations that predict functional changes in gene expression in newborn cord blood and subsequent birth outcomes. Toxicol Sci. 2015 Jan;143(1):97-106. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu210. Epub 2014 Oct 10.
7 Mitochondrial Uncoupling Induces Epigenome Remodeling and Promotes Differentiation in Neuroblastoma. Cancer Res. 2023 Jan 18;83(2):181-194. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-22-1029.
8 Air pollution and DNA methylation alterations in lung cancer: A systematic and comparative study. Oncotarget. 2017 Jan 3;8(1):1369-1391. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.13622.
9 Endoplasmic reticulum stress and MAPK signaling pathway activation underlie leflunomide-induced toxicity in HepG2 Cells. Toxicology. 2017 Dec 1;392:11-21.
10 Neurotoxicity and underlying cellular changes of 21 mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors. Arch Toxicol. 2021 Feb;95(2):591-615. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02970-5. Epub 2021 Jan 29.