Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC2YF8W)

• Drug Combination Name: Lacosamide + Atenolol
• Indication: Chronic myelogenous leukemia; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Lacosamide (DMVM6QR): Small molecular drug
  Atenolol (DMNKG1Z): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: KBM-7
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 28.09
  Bliss Independence Score: 28.09
  Loewe Additivity Score: 40.67
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 40.69

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Lacosamide

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Convulsion	8A68.Z	Approved	[2]
Epilepsy	8A60-8A68	Approved	[3]
Diabetic neuropathy	8C0Z	Phase 3	[2]

Lacosamide Interacts with 3 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Voltage-gated sodium channel alpha Nav1.9 (SCN11A)	TTN9VTF	SCNBA_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[3]
Voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav)	TTIG65Q	NOUNIPROTAC	Inhibitor	[3]
Dihydropyrimidinase related protein 2 (DPYSL2)	TTZCW3T	DPYL2_HUMAN	Modulator	[6]

Lacosamide Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Metabolism	[7]
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19)	DEGTFWK	CP2CJ_HUMAN	Metabolism	[8]

Indication(s) of Atenolol

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Angina pectoris	BA40	Approved	[4]
Hypertension	BA00-BA04	Approved	[5]
Malignant essential hypertension	BA00	Approved	[4]
Myocardial infarction	BA41-BA43	Approved	[4]

Atenolol Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Adrenergic receptor beta-1 (ADRB1)	TTR6W5O	ADRB1_HUMAN	Antagonist	[10]

Atenolol Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[11]
Organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1)	DTT79CX	S22A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[12]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (SLCO1A2)	DTE2B1D	SO1A2_HUMAN	Substrate	[13]

Atenolol Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[14]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[15]

Atenolol Interacts with 27 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	OTZJC802	CP2D6_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[16]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 (KCNQ1)	OT8SPJNX	KCNQ1_HUMAN	Affects Response To Substance	[17]
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11)	OTRU7THO	ABCBB_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[18]
Renin (REN)	OT52GZR2	RENI_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[19]
Angiotensinogen (AGT)	OTBZLYR3	ANGT_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[20]
Natriuretic peptides A (NPPA)	OTMQNTNX	ANF_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[21]
Apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1)	OT5THARI	APOA1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[22]
Apolipoprotein A-II (APOA2)	OTQ3HGTC	APOA2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[22]
Apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB)	OTH0UOCZ	APOB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[22]
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2)	OTSDOX4Q	ADRB2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[23]
Natriuretic peptides B (NPPB)	OTSN2IPY	ANFB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[24]
Reduced folate transporter (SLC19A1)	OTWB0BTO	S19A1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[25]
Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1 (SLC6A8)	OT88C8JA	SC6A8_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Beta-2-microglobulin (B2M)	OTDWN6NX	B2MG_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[26]
Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-associated protein N (SNRPN)	OTQB1ID1	RSMN_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[9]
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP5 (FKBP5)	OT404F9K	FKBP5_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[9]
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1 (SLCO4C1)	OTVILUUN	SO4C1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[9]
C-type lectin domain family 2 member B (CLEC2B)	OT0W0M0L	CLC2B_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[9]
Ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2)	OT0PF19E	RYR2_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[27]
Inward rectifier potassium channel 2 (KCNJ2)	OT2OQEZS	KCNJ2_HUMAN	Affects Response To Substance	[17]
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C (CACNA1C)	OT6KFNMS	CAC1C_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[28]
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha (SCN5A)	OTGYZWR6	SCN5A_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[16]
B2 bradykinin receptor (BDKRB2)	OTOA9D3W	BKRB2_HUMAN	Affects Response To Substance	[29]
Endothelin-1 (EDN1)	OTZCACEG	EDN1_HUMAN	Affects Response To Substance	[30]
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A)	OTZFGOTP	ADA2A_HUMAN	Affects Response To Substance	[31]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1 (KCNE1)	OTZNQUW9	KCNE1_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[16]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2)	OTZX881H	KCNH2_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[16]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7472).
• [3] Antibodies and venom peptides: new modalities for ion channels. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2019 May;18(5):339-357.
• [4] Atenolol FDA Label
• [5] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 548).
• [6] 2008 FDA drug approvals. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2009 Feb;8(2):93-6.
• [7] Lacosamide: what can be expected from the next new antiepileptic drug? Epilepsy Curr. 2009 Sep-Oct;9(5):133-4.
• [8] Lacosamide therapeutic monitoring in patients with epilepsy: effect of concomitant antiepileptic drugs. Ther Drug Monit. 2013 Dec;35(6):849-52.
• [9] Change in mRNA Expression after Atenolol, a Beta-adrenergic Receptor Antagonist and Association with Pharmacological Response. Arch Drug Inf. 2009 Sep;2(3):41-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-5174.2009.00020.x.
• [10] Prediction and experimental validation of acute toxicity of beta-blockers in Ceriodaphnia dubia. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2005 Oct;24(10):2470-6.
• [11] Interaction of digoxin with antihypertensive drugs via MDR1. Life Sci. 2002 Feb 15;70(13):1491-500.
• [12] Identification of novel substrates and structure-activity relationship of cellular uptake mediated by human organic cation transporters 1 and 2. J Med Chem. 2013 Sep 26;56(18):7232-42.
• [13] Fruit juice inhibition of uptake transport: a new type of food-drug interaction. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Nov;70(5):645-55.
• [14] Metabolism of atenolol in man. Xenobiotica. 1978 May;8(5):313-20.
• [15] Application of substrate depletion assay to evaluation of CYP isoforms responsible for stereoselective metabolism of carvedilol. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2016 Dec;31(6):425-432.
• [16] ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
• [17] Additional gene variants reduce effectiveness of beta-blockers in the LQT1 form of long QT syndrome. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2004 Feb;15(2):190-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1540-8167.2004.03212.x.
• [18] Early identification of clinically relevant drug interactions with the human bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11). Toxicol Sci. 2013 Dec;136(2):328-43.
• [19] Effects of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren and atenolol alone or in combination in patients with hypertension. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2008 Sep;9(3):163-75. doi: 10.1177/1470320308096411.
• [20] Long-term effects of irbesartan and atenolol on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in human primary hypertension: the Swedish Irbesartan Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Investigation versus Atenolol (SILVHIA). J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2003 Dec;42(6):719-26. doi: 10.1097/00005344-200312000-00005.
• [21] Atenolol improves ventricular function without changing plasma noradrenaline but decreasing plasma atrial natriuretic factor in chronic heart failure. Auton Autacoid Pharmacol. 2002 Oct-Dec;22(5-6):261-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1474-8673.2002.00266.x.
• [22] The effects of clonidine hydrochloride versus atenolol monotherapy on serum lipids, lipid subfractions, and apolipoproteins in mild hypertension. Am Heart J. 1990 Jul;120(1):172-9. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(90)90175-w.
• [23] Atenolol-induced regulation of leukocyte beta 2-adrenoceptors in hypertension. Pharmacology. 1984;29(4):210-4. doi: 10.1159/000138015.
• [24] A comparison of atenolol and nebivolol in isolated systolic hypertension. J Hypertens. 2008 Feb;26(2):351-6. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e3282f283c9.
• [25] Folic acid uptake by the human syncytiotrophoblast: interference by pharmacotherapy, drugs of abuse and pathological conditions. Reprod Toxicol. 2009 Dec;28(4):511-20. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.07.001. Epub 2009 Jul 16.
• [26] A 1-year follow-up study on the effect of atenolol on serum beta 2-microglobulin level in hypertensive diabetic patients. J Int Med Res. 1989 Mar-Apr;17(2):162-7. doi: 10.1177/030006058901700208.
• [27] Beta-blockers restore calcium release channel function and improve cardiac muscle performance in human heart failure. Circulation. 2003 May 20;107(19):2459-66. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000068316.53218.49. Epub 2003 May 12.
• [28] CACNA1C gene polymorphisms, cardiovascular disease outcomes, and treatment response. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2009 Aug;2(4):362-70. doi: 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.109.857839. Epub 2009 Jun 3.
• [29] B2 bradykinin receptor (B2BKR) polymorphism and change in left ventricular mass in response to antihypertensive treatment: results from the Swedish Irbesartan Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Investigation versus Atenolol (SILVHIA) trial. J Hypertens. 2003 Mar;21(3):621-4. doi: 10.1097/00004872-200303000-00029.
• [30] Gender-specific association between preproendothelin-1 genotype and reduction of systolic blood pressure during antihypertensive treatment--results from the Swedish Irbesartan Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Investigation versus Atenolol (SILVHIA). Clin Cardiol. 2004 May;27(5):287-90. doi: 10.1002/clc.4960270510.
• [31] Single nucleotide polymorphisms predict the change in left ventricular mass in response to antihypertensive treatment. J Hypertens. 2004 Dec;22(12):2321-8. doi: 10.1097/00004872-200412000-00014.