Details of Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)

General Information of Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME) (ID: DE5IED8)

DME Name	Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)
Synonyms	Cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9; (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase; (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase; (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase; Cytochrome P-450MP; Cytochrome P450 MP-4; Cytochrome P450 MP-8; Cytochrome P450 PB-1; CYP2C10; CYP2C9; CYPIIC9
Gene Name	CYP2C9
UniProt ID	CP2C9_HUMAN
INTEDE ID	DME0019
3D Structure	Download 2D Sequence (FASTA) Download 3D Structure (PDB) Download
Gene ID	1559
EC Number	EC: 1.14.14.1 Oxidoreductase Oxygen paired donor oxidoreductase Flavin/flavoprotein donor oxidoreductase EC: 1.14.14.1
Lineage	Species: Homo sapiens Kingdom: Metazoa Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: Homo sapiens
Sequence	MDSLVVLVLCLSCLLLLSLWRQSSGRGKLPPGPTPLPVIGNILQIGIKDISKSLTNLSKV YGPVFTLYFGLKPIVVLHGYEAVKEALIDLGEEFSGRGIFPLAERANRGFGIVFSNGKKW KEIRRFSLMTLRNFGMGKRSIEDRVQEEARCLVEELRKTKASPCDPTFILGCAPCNVICS IIFHKRFDYKDQQFLNLMEKLNENIKILSSPWIQICNNFSPIIDYFPGTHNKLLKNVAFM KSYILEKVKEHQESMDMNNPQDFIDCFLMKMEKEKHNQPSEFTIESLENTAVDLFGAGTE TTSTTLRYALLLLLKHPEVTAKVQEEIERVIGRNRSPCMQDRSHMPYTDAVVHEVQRYID LLPTSLPHAVTCDIKFRNYLIPKGTTILISLTSVLHDNKEFPNPEMFDPHHFLDEGGNFK KSKYFMPFSAGKRICVGEALAGMELFLFLTSILQNFNLKSLVDPKNLDTTPVVNGFASVP PFYQLCFIPV
Function	This enzyme is involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids and steroids. It catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds.It metabolizes cholesterol toward 25-hydroxycholesterol and catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation and hydroxylation with double-bond migration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). It also metabolizes plant monoterpenes such as limonene; oxygenates (R)- and (S)-limonene to produce carveol and perillyl alcohol and metabolizes drugs such as S- warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan.
KEGG Pathway	Arachidonic acid metabolism (hsa00590 ) Chemical carcinogenesis (hsa05204 ) Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450 (hsa00982 ) Linoleic acid metabolism (hsa00591 ) Metabolic pathways (hsa01100 ) Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 (hsa00980 ) Retinol metabolism (hsa00830 ) Serotonergic synapse (hsa04726 )
Reactome Pathway	CYP2E1 reactions (R-HSA-211999 ) Synthesis of (16-20)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE) (R-HSA-2142816 ) Synthesis of epoxy (EET) and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHET) (R-HSA-2142670 ) Xenobiotics (R-HSA-211981 ) Biosynthesis of maresin-like SPMs (R-HSA-9027307 )

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This DME

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)

MIA Detail

Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This DME

211 Approved Drug(s) Metabolized by This DME

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Aceclofenac	DMZDF0B	Inflammation	1A00-CA43.1	Approved	[2]
Acenocoumarol	DMH75KV	Thrombosis	DB61-GB90	Approved	[3]
Acetaminophen	DMUIE76	Allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	Approved	[4]
Acetohexamide	DMR6N7H	Diabetic complication	5A2Y	Approved	[5]
Alosetron	DML2A03	Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome	DD91.01	Approved	[6]
Alprazolam	DMC7XDN	Anxiety		Approved	[7]
Amiodarone	DMUTEX3	Tachyarrhythmias	BC71	Approved	[7]
Amitriptyline	DMK7F9S	Depression	6A70-6A7Z	Approved	[8]
Amprenavir	DMLMXE0	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Approved	[9]
Apixaban	DM89JLN	Thrombosis	DB61-GB90	Approved	[10]
Artemether	DM48QOT	Malaria	1F40-1F45	Approved	[11]
Aspirin	DM672AH	Acute coronary syndrome	BA41	Approved	[12]
Atazanavir	DMSYRBX	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Approved	[13]
Azelastine	DMXTMBJ	Allergic conjunctivitis	9A60.02	Approved	[14]
Benzbromarone	DMC3YUA	Gout	FA25	Approved	[15]
Bexarotene	DMOBIKY	Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma	2B01	Approved	[4]
Bortezomib	DMNO38U	Leukemia		Approved	[16]
Bosentan	DMIOGBU	Pulmonary arterial hypertension	BB01.0	Approved	[17]
Brivaracetam	DMSEPK8	Complex partial seizure	8A68.0	Approved	[18]
Bromfenac	DMKB79O	Pain	MG30-MG3Z	Approved	[19]
Buprenorphine	DMPRI8G	Opioid dependence	6C43.2Z	Approved	[7]
Bupropion	DM5PCS7	Depression	6A70-6A7Z	Approved	[20]
Cabozantinib	DMIYDT4	Medullary thyroid gland carcinoma		Approved	[21]
Caffeine	DMKBJWP	Allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	Approved	[22]
Candesartan	DMRK8OT	Chronic heart failure	BD1Z	Approved	[23]
Cannabidiol	DM0659E	Dravet syndrome	8A61.11	Approved	[24]
Capsaicin	DMGMF6V	Back pain	ME84.Z	Approved	[25]
Carvedilol	DMHTEAO	Chronic heart failure	BD1Z	Approved	[26]
Celecoxib	DM6LOQU	Dysmenorrhea	GA34.3	Approved	[27]
Chlorpropamide	DMPHZQE	Non-insulin dependent diabetes	5A11	Approved	[28]
Cinnarizine	DM7U5QJ	Meniere disease	AB31.0	Approved	[7]
Cisapride	DMY7PED	Gastroesophageal reflux disease	DA22.Z	Approved	[29]
Clofibrate	DMPC1J7	Dysbetalipoproteinemia	5C80.2	Approved	[30]
Clopidogrel	DMOL54H	Acute coronary syndrome	BA41	Approved	[31]
Clozapine	DMFC71L	Schizophrenia	6A20	Approved	[32]
Cyclophosphamide	DM4O2Z7	Advanced cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Approved	[33]
Dacomitinib	DMOH8VY	Non-small-cell lung cancer	2C25.Y	Approved	[34]
Dapagliflozin	DM28UJG	Non-insulin dependent diabetes	5A11	Approved	[35]
Dapsone	DM4LT8A	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[36]
Desogestrel	DM27U4Y	Contraception	QA21	Approved	[37]
Dexibuprofen	DMFYBD0	Ankylosing spondylitis	FA92.0	Approved	[38]
Dextromethorphan	DMUDJZM	Allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	Approved	[39]
Diazepam	DM08E9O	Alcohol withdrawal		Approved	[40]
Diclofenac	DMPIHLS	Chronic renal failure	GB61.Z	Approved	[38]
Dicumarol	DMFQCB1	Bleeding disorder	GA20-GA21	Approved	[41]
Diltiazem	DMAI7ZV	Angina pectoris	BA40	Approved	[42]
Diphenhydramine	DMKQTBA	Hyperemesis gravidarum		Approved	[43]
Dolasetron	DMMG26Z	Nausea	MD90	Approved	[4]
Donepezil	DMIYG7Z	Advanced cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Approved	[44]
Dopamine	DMPGUCF	Acromegaly	5A60.0	Approved	[45]
Dorzolamide	DMA17D0	Ocular hypertension	9C61.01	Approved	[4]
Doxazosin	DM9PLRH	Benign prostatic hyperplasia	GA90	Approved	[46]
Doxepin	DMPI98T	Anxiety		Approved	[47]
Duloxetine	DM9BI7M	Depression	6A70-6A7Z	Approved	[48]
Eicosapentaenoic acid/docosa-hexaenoic acid	DMMUCG4	Hypertriglyceridemia	5C80.1	Approved	[49]
Eletriptan	DMW649X	Migraine	8A80	Approved	[50]
Enasidenib	DM8QXOC	N. A.	N. A.	Approved	[51]
Epoprostenol	DMUTYR2	Allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	Approved	[52]
Erdafitinib	DMI782S	Bladder cancer	2C94	Approved	[53]
Ergotidine	DM78IME	Osteoarthritis	FA00-FA05	Approved	[13]
Estradiol	DMUNTE3	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[54]
Estradiol Acetate	DM07U2A	Hormone replacement therapy	8E01	Approved	[55]
Estradiol Cypionate	DM27Z5T	Hormone replacement therapy	8E01	Approved	[55]
Estradiol Valerate	DM8MC6O	Hormone replacement therapy	8E01	Approved	[55]
Estrone	DM5T6US	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[55]
Ethinyl Estradiol	DMODJ40	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[56]
Etodolac	DM6WJO9	Osteoarthritis	FA00-FA05	Approved	[57]
Etoricoxib	DM6A4NW	Rheumatoid arthritis	FA20	Approved	[58]
Etravirine	DMGV8QU	Human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection	1C62	Approved	[59]
Fluconazole	DMOWZ6B	Cryptococcal meningitis		Approved	[60]
Flunarizine	DMZU5JP	Migraine	8A80	Approved	[30]
Flunitrazepam	DMGR5Z3	Insomnia	7A00-7A0Z	Approved	[61]
Fluoxetine	DM3PD2C	Bipolar depression		Approved	[62]
Flurbiprofen	DMGN4BY	Osteoarthritis	FA00-FA05	Approved	[63]
Fluvastatin	DM4MDJY	Arteriosclerosis	BD40	Approved	[64]
Formoterol	DMSOURV	Allergic asthma	CA23.0	Approved	[65]
Fosphenytoin	DMOX3LB	Epilepsy	8A60-8A68	Approved	[7]
Glibenclamide	DM8JXPZ	Diabetic complication	5A2Y	Approved	[66]
Gliclazide	DMN6QO5	Diabetic complication	5A2Y	Approved	[7]
Glimepiride	DM5FSJA	Diabetic complication	5A2Y	Approved	[67]
Glipizide	DMZA5PQ	Diabetic complication	5A2Y	Approved	[68]
Gliquidone	DMB0EUX	Diabetic complication	5A2Y	Approved	[5]
Glisoxepide	DMJPR2B	Non-insulin dependent diabetes	5A11	Approved	[5]
Haloperidol	DM96SE0	Delirium		Approved	[69]
Halothane	DM80OZ5	Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[70]
Hexobarbital	DMQ314B	Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[4]
Hydromorphone	DMHP21E	Back pain	ME84.Z	Approved	[71]
Ibuprofen	DM8VCBE	Dysmenorrhea	GA34.3	Approved	[4]
Idarubicin	DMM0XGL	Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[72]
Ifosfamide	DMCT3I8	Adult central nervous system germ cell tumor		Approved	[33]
Imatinib	DM7RJXL	Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia	2A85	Approved	[73]
Indomethacin	DMSC4A7	Bursitis		Approved	[7]
Irbesartan	DMTP1DC	Diabetic kidney disease	GB61.Z	Approved	[74]
Istradefylline	DM20VSK	Parkinson disease	8A00.0	Approved	[75]
Ketamine	DMT5HA4	Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[76]
Ketobemidone	DMM3L6Z	Pain	MG30-MG3Z	Approved	[77]
Ketoprofen	DMRKXPT	Bursitis		Approved	[78]
Lacosamide	DMVM6QR	Convulsion	8A68.Z	Approved	[79]
Lansoprazole	DMXYLQ3	Gastric ulcer	DA60	Approved	[7]
Leflunomide	DMR8ONJ	Arthritis	FA20	Approved	[80]
Lesinurad	DMUR64T	Hyperuricaemia	5C55.Y	Approved	[81]
Lidocaine	DML4ZOT	Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[4]
Loratadine	DMF3AN7	Allergy	4A80-4A85	Approved	[82]
Lornoxicam	DMYZFXN	Migraine	8A80	Approved	[3]
Losartan	DM72JXH	Diabetic kidney disease	GB61.Z	Approved	[7]
Lumiracoxib	DM1S4AG	Chronic renal failure	GB61.Z	Approved	[83]
Marinol	DM70IK5	Anorexia nervosa cachexia	6B80	Approved	[84]
Mefenamic acid	DMK7HFI	Dysmenorrhea	GA34.3	Approved	[85]
Melatonin	DMKWFBT	Depression	6A70-6A7Z	Approved	[38]
Meloxicam	DM2AR7L	Arthritis	FA20	Approved	[4]
Mephenytoin	DM5UGDK	Epilepsy	8A60-8A68	Approved	[86]
Mestranol	DMG3F94	Contraception	QA21	Approved	[7]
Methadone	DMTW6IU	Advanced cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Approved	[87]
Methoxyflurane	DML0RAE	Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[88]
Metronidazole	DMTIVEN	Abscess		Approved	[4]
Mirtazapine	DML53ZJ	Depression	6A70-6A7Z	Approved	[4]
Moclobemide	DMNZWL7	Depression	6A70-6A7Z	Approved	[4]
Momelotinib	DMF98Q0	Myelofibrosis	2A20.2	Approved	[89]
Montelukast	DMD157S	Allergic asthma	CA23.0	Approved	[90]
Nabumetone	DMAT2XH	Osteoarthritis	FA00-FA05	Approved	[91]
NAFTOPIDIL	DMQ8R4E	Hypertension	BA00-BA04	Approved	[92]
Naproxen	DMZ5RGV	Bursitis		Approved	[27]
Nateglinide	DMLK2QH	Diabetic complication	5A2Y	Approved	[93]
Nevirapine	DM6HX9B	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Approved	[94]
Niclosamide	DMJAGXQ	Cestodes infection	1F70-1F76	Approved	[95]
Nicotine	DMWX5CO	Lung cancer	2C25.0	Approved	[96]
Olodaterol	DM62B78	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	CA22	Approved	[97]
Omeprazole	DM471KJ	Cystic fibrosis	CA25	Approved	[98]
Ondansetron	DMOTQ1I	Chemotherapy-induced nausea	MD90	Approved	[4]
Ospemifene	DMC4GEI	Dyspareunia	GA12	Approved	[99]
Oxaprozin	DM9UB0P	Osteoarthritis	FA00-FA05	Approved	[100]
Paramethadione	DMR5ZUP	Absence epilepsy		Approved	[101]
Perazine	DM2AOTZ	Psychotic disorder	6A20-6A25	Approved	[102]
Perphenazine	DMA4MRX	Schizophrenia	6A20	Approved	[103]
Phenobarbital	DMXZOCG	Cluster headache	8A81.0	Approved	[104]
Phenprocoumon	DMDO279	Myocardial infarction	BA41-BA43	Approved	[105]
Phenylbutazone	DMAYL0T	Chronic pain	MG30	Approved	[106]
Phenytoin	DMNOKBV	Epilepsy	8A60-8A68	Approved	[107]
Pioglitazone	DMKJ485	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	8B60.0	Approved	[108]
Piperaquine	DMT70RC	Malaria	1F40-1F45	Approved	[109]
Piroxicam	DMTK234	Osteoarthritis	FA00-FA05	Approved	[110]
PITAVASTATIN CALCIUM	DM1UJO0	Dyslipidemia	5C80-5C81	Approved	[111]
Prasugrel	DM7MT6E	Acute coronary syndrome	BA41	Approved	[112]
Pravastatin	DM6A0X7	Adult acute monocytic leukemia		Approved	[113]
Primidone	DM0WX6I	Epilepsy	8A60-8A68	Approved	[114]
Progesterone	DMUY35B	Amenorrhea	GA20.0	Approved	[115]
Proguanil	DMBL79I	Malaria	1F40-1F45	Approved	[4]
Promazine	DMZAL7W	Acute intermittent hepatic porphyria	5C58.11	Approved	[7]
Propofol	DMB4OLE	Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[116]
Quazepam	DMY4D87	Insomnia	7A00-7A0Z	Approved	[117]
Quinidine	DMLPICK	N. A.	N. A.	Approved	[118]
Quinine	DMSWYF5	Malaria	1F40-1F45	Approved	[119]
Rifampicin	DM5DSFZ	Non-insulin dependent diabetes	5A11	Approved	[7]
Rofecoxib	DM3P5DA	Osteoarthritis	FA00-FA05	Approved	[120]
Rosiglitazone	DMILWZR	Chronic kidney disease	GB61	Approved	[121]
Rosuvastatin	DMMIQ7G	Arteriosclerosis	BD40	Approved	[122]
Salicyclic acid	DM2F8XZ	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[123]
Selegiline Hydrochloride	DM3VR1L	Parkinson disease	8A00.0	Approved	[4]
Sertraline	DM0FB1J	Coronary heart disease	BA80.Z	Approved	[124]
Sildenafil citrate	DMSWJ5X	N. A.	N. A.	Approved	[7]
Siponimod	DM2R86O	Multiple sclerosis	8A40	Approved	[125]
Sulfadiazine	DMTW3R8	Rheumatic fever	1B40-1B42	Approved	[126]
Sulfamethoxazole	DMB08GE	Acute otitis media	AB00	Approved	[127]
Sulfisoxazole	DMXLT8C	Acute otitis media	AB00	Approved	[126]
Suprofen	DMKXJZ7	Miosis	LA11.62	Approved	[128]
Tamoxifen	DMLB0EZ	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[129]
Tapentadol hydrochloride	DMXLSH3	Acute pain	MG31	Approved	[130]
Temazepam	DM02A65	Insomnia	7A00-7A0Z	Approved	[131]
Tenoxicam	DMVAZP9	Rheumatoid arthritis	FA20	Approved	[132]
Terbinafine	DMI6HUW	Fungal infection	1F29-1F2F	Approved	[7]
Testosterone cypionate	DMC1TEV	N. A.	N. A.	Approved	[133]
Testosterone enanthate	DMB6871	N. A.	N. A.	Approved	[133]
Testosterone undecanoate	DMZO10Y	Hypogonadism	5A61.0	Approved	[133]
Thalidomide	DM70BU5	Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma		Approved	[134]
Thiamylal	DMHDF7B	Anaesthesia	9A78.6	Approved	[135]
Tolazamide	DMIHRNA	Diabetic complication	5A2Y	Approved	[5]
Tolbutamide	DM02AWV	Advanced cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Approved	[136]
Tolterodine	DMSHPW8	Overactive bladder	GC50.0	Approved	[137]
Torasemide	DMXKJ6C	Congestive heart failure	BD10	Approved	[7]
Trabectedin	DMG3Y89	Leiomyosarcoma	2B58	Approved	[138]
Tranilast	DME5Y64	Allergic rhinitis	CA08.0	Approved	[139]
Treprostinil	DMTIQF3	Pulmonary arterial hypertension	BB01.0	Approved	[140]
Tretinoin	DM49DUI	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[4]
TRICLABENDAZOLE	DMPWGBR	Helminth infection	1F90.0	Approved	[141]
Trifarotene	DMOL793	Acne vulgaris	ED80	Approved	[142]
Trimethadione	DM0Q8MZ	Absence epilepsy		Approved	[101]
Trimethoprim	DMM7CHK	Acute otitis media	AB00	Approved	[143]
Trimipramine	DM1SC8M	Major depressive disorder	6A70.3	Approved	[144]
Troglitazone	DM3VFPD	Diabetic complication	5A2Y	Approved	[145]
Tropisetron	DMNSJ7V	Fibromyalgia	MG30.01	Approved	[4]
Valdecoxib	DMAY7H4	Osteoarthritis	FA00-FA05	Approved	[146]
Valproate	DMCFE9I	Epilepsy	8A60-8A68	Approved	[147]
Valsartan	DMREUQ6	Chronic heart failure	BD1Z	Approved	[148]
Venlafaxine	DMR6QH0	Anxiety disorder	6B00-6B0Z	Approved	[149]
Verapamil	DMA7PEW	Angina pectoris	BA40	Approved	[42]
Vismodegib	DM5IXKQ	Basal cell carcinoma	2C32	Approved	[150]
Voriconazole	DMAOL2S	Aspergillosis	1F20	Approved	[151]
Vortioxetine	DM6F1PU	Major depressive disorder	6A70.3	Approved	[152]
Voxelotor	DMCS6M5	Sickle-cell disorder	3A51	Approved	[153]
Warfarin	DMJYCVW	Atrial fibrillation	BC81.3	Approved	[154]
Zafirlukast	DMHNQOG	Asthma	CA23	Approved	[155]
Zalcitabine	DMH7MUV	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Approved	[156]
Zidovudine	DM4KI7O	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Approved	[4]
Zileuton	DMVRIC2	Allergic asthma	CA23.0	Approved	[157]
Zolpidem	DMWOSKJ	Insomnia	7A00-7A0Z	Approved	[158]
Zopiclone	DMPI6Z0	Insomnia	7A00-7A0Z	Approved	[159]
Aminophenazone	DMY2AH1	N. A.	N. A.	Phase 4	[7]
IMRECOXIB	DMVXLOD	N. A.	N. A.	Phase 4	[160]
Lynestrenol	DM82JP0	N. A.	N. A.	Phase 4	[161]
RUPATADINE	DMBPN7T	N. A.	N. A.	Phase 4	[162]
Zaltoprofen	DM9RJH7	N. A.	N. A.	Phase 4	[7]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


⏷ Show the Full List of 211 Approved Drug(s)

16 Clinical Trial Drug(s) Metabolized by This DME

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Esketamine	DMVU687	Depression	6A70-6A7Z	Phase 3	[76]
Iclaprim	DM7YNV9	Bacterial infection	1A00-1C4Z	Phase 3	[163]
MURAGLITAZAR	DMG3NFZ	N. A.	N. A.	Phase 3	[164]
Nabiximols	DMHKJ5I	Cancer related pain	MG30	Phase 3	[24]
Netupitant	DMEKAYI	Chemotherapy-induced nausea	MD90	Phase 3	[165]
Vicriviroc	DMMTW9K	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Phase 3	[7]
Sarizotan	DMH7IPW	Rett syndrome	LD90.4	Phase 2/3	[166]
BMS 650032	DMQI43G	Hepatitis C virus infection	1E51.1	Phase 2	[167]
Dexloxiglumide	DM52HUD	Pancreatic malfunction	DC30-DC3Z	Phase 2	[168]
Ferroquine	DMICMXE	Malaria	1F40-1F45	Phase 2	[169]
INDISULAM	DM9SX6Y	Lymphoma	2A80-2A86	Phase 2	[170]
CC-223	DMMQYL9	Solid tumour/cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Phase 1/2	[171]
H3B-6545	DMIFCY2	Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Phase 1/2	[172]
BZ-55	DMH6B9J	N. A.	N. A.	Phase 1	[5]
Capravirine	DM9ERH1	Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Phase 1	[173]
HSP-990	DML6HP3	Solid tumour/cancer	2A00-2F9Z	Phase 1	[174]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


⏷ Show the Full List of 16 Clinical Trial Drug(s)

7 Discontinued Drug(s) Metabolized by This DME

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Phenacetin	DMRQAM0	Analgesia	MB40.8	Withdrawn from market	[175]
Sitaxsentan	DMKM5HB	Pulmonary arterial hypertension	BB01.0	Withdrawn from market	[176]
Terfenadine	DM4KLPT	Allergy	4A80-4A85	Withdrawn from market	[177]
Ticrynafen	DMLFSTR	Congestive heart failure	BD10	Withdrawn from market	[178]
Ximelagatran	DMABRJL	Coagulation defect	3B10.0	Withdrawn from market	[179]
Seratrodast	DMPNTDL	Allergic asthma	CA23.0	Discontinued in Phase 3	[4]
Licofelone	DM7HLFD	Osteoarthritis	FA00-FA05	Discontinued in Phase 1	[7]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


⏷ Show the Full List of 7 Discontinued Drug(s)

5 Investigative Drug(s) Metabolized by This DME

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Arachidonic Acid	DMUOQZD	Discovery agent	N.A.	Investigative	[38]
COUMARIN	DM0N8ZM	Discovery agent	N.A.	Investigative	[154]
cyamemazine	DMZ6YPV	Discovery agent	N.A.	Investigative	[180]
Phenazone	DMCE985	Discovery agent	N.A.	Investigative	[7]
[3H]estrone-3-sulphate	DMGPF0N	Discovery agent	N.A.	Investigative	[154]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA) of This DME

Molecular Expression Atlas (MEA)

MEA Detail

Jump to Detail Molecular Expression Atlas of This DME

Disease Name	ICD 11	Studied Tissue	p-value	Fold-Change	Z-score
Acute myelocytic leukaemia	2B33.1	Bone marrow	5.63E-01	-9.82E-03	-4.80E-02
Alopecia	ED70	Skin from scalp	4.96E-01	-1.10E-01	-1.61E-01
Alzheimer's disease	8A20	Entorhinal cortex	1.90E-01	-9.81E-03	-5.96E-02
Ankylosing spondylitis	FA92.0	Pheripheral blood	9.93E-01	1.60E-02	8.67E-02
Aortic stenosis	BB70	Calcified aortic valve	9.97E-01	-3.93E-02	-4.88E-02
Apnea	7A40	Hyperplastic tonsil	2.42E-01	-1.95E-01	-4.99E-01
Arthropathy	FA00-FA5Z	Peripheral blood	2.33E-01	2.06E-02	1.51E-01
Asthma	CA23	Nasal and bronchial airway	2.25E-03	-4.98E-01	-6.49E-01
Atopic dermatitis	EA80	Skin	1.06E-06	-4.93E-01	-1.66E+00
Autism	6A02	Whole blood	5.66E-01	-1.19E-02	-7.61E-02
Autoimmune uveitis	9A96	Peripheral monocyte	1.82E-01	-9.64E-02	-5.91E-01
Autosomal dominant monocytopenia	4B04	Whole blood	6.22E-01	-4.70E-02	-3.26E-01
Bacterial infection of gingival	1C1H	Gingival tissue	4.43E-24	-6.29E-01	-1.88E+00
Batten disease	5C56.1	Whole blood	6.95E-01	-2.28E-02	-2.92E-01
Behcet's disease	4A62	Peripheral blood	4.44E-01	6.98E-02	3.83E-01
Bipolar disorder	6A60-6A6Z	Prefrontal cortex	4.05E-01	-3.98E-02	-2.83E-01
Bladder cancer	2C94	Bladder tissue	1.33E-04	9.95E-01	3.23E+00
Breast cancer	2C60-2C6Z	Breast tissue	1.07E-11	-1.16E-01	-2.53E-01
Cardioembolic stroke	8B11.20	Whole blood	2.76E-04	1.36E-01	1.00E+00
Cervical cancer	2C77	Cervical tissue	4.97E-02	-4.39E-01	-8.20E-01
Childhood onset rheumatic disease	FA20.Z	Peripheral blood	7.49E-01	-3.67E-02	-1.81E-01
Chronic hepatitis C	1E51.1	Whole blood	5.98E-01	-3.47E-03	-1.39E-02
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	CA22	Lung tissue	7.33E-02	5.59E-02	2.99E-01
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	CA22	Small airway epithelium	5.65E-03	-7.28E-02	-1.24E-01
Chronic rhinosinusitis	CA0A	Sinus mucosa tissue	6.84E-01	1.84E-02	1.37E-01
Colon cancer	2B90	Colon tissue	1.35E-09	-5.03E-01	-6.35E-01
Coronary artery disease	BA80-BA8Z	Peripheral blood	5.20E-01	-2.18E-02	-2.26E-01
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma	2A81	Tonsil tissue	8.67E-01	-1.78E-02	-1.15E-01
Endometriosis	GA10	Endometrium tissue	9.10E-03	4.31E-01	9.29E-01
Familial hypercholesterolemia	5C80.00	Peripheral blood	9.22E-01	2.66E-02	2.11E-01
Familial hypercholesterolemia	5C80.00	Whole blood	2.63E-03	-1.18E-01	-3.80E-01
Gastric cancer	2B72	Gastric tissue	1.80E-01	-2.27E+00	-1.68E+00
Glioblastopma	2A00.00	Nervous tissue	7.53E-12	-3.19E-01	-7.75E-01
Glioma	2A00.0Y-2A00.0Z	Brain stem tissue	5.93E-01	-7.33E-03	-1.14E-01
Glioma	2A00.0Y-2A00.0Z	White matter tissue	1.46E-03	-4.23E-01	-2.75E+00
Head and neck cancer	2D42	Head and neck tissue	4.60E-34	-1.33E+00	-2.50E+00
HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment	8A2Y-8A2Z	White matter tissue	8.29E-02	-2.43E-02	-8.06E-02
Huntington's disease	8A01.10	Whole blood	2.24E-01	-2.99E-02	-3.40E-01
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis	CB03.4	Lung tissue	1.00E-01	3.06E-02	1.84E-01
Immunodeficiency	4A00-4A20	Peripheral blood	9.43E-01	-2.09E-02	-1.29E-01
Influenza	1E30	Whole blood	3.74E-01	2.46E-01	9.22E-01
Interstitial cystitis	GC00.3	Bladder tissue	1.20E-02	1.20E-01	1.59E+00
Intracranial aneurysm	8B01.0	Intracranial artery	7.35E-01	7.01E-02	4.26E-01
Irritable bowel syndrome	DD91.0	Rectal colon tissue	7.48E-04	3.43E-01	6.77E-01
Ischemic stroke	8B11	Peripheral blood	3.86E-01	6.16E-02	2.91E-01
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis	FA24	Peripheral blood	1.24E-01	6.31E-02	1.90E-01
Lateral sclerosis	8B60.4	Skin	9.31E-01	2.00E-02	1.82E-01
Lateral sclerosis	8B60.4	Cervical spinal cord	2.00E-01	4.21E-02	3.26E-01
Liver cancer	2C12.0	Liver tissue	2.95E-34	-1.91E+00	-2.96E+00
Liver failure	DB99.7-DB99.8	Liver tissue	3.26E-03	-3.74E+00	-9.96E+00
Lung cancer	2C25	Lung tissue	1.08E-03	1.76E-02	7.09E-02
Lupus erythematosus	4A40	Whole blood	8.68E-01	-3.49E-02	-8.01E-02
Major depressive disorder	6A70-6A7Z	Hippocampus	7.83E-01	2.32E-03	1.53E-02
Major depressive disorder	6A70-6A7Z	Whole blood	4.67E-01	2.59E-02	1.20E-01
Melanoma	2C30	Skin	6.22E-02	-4.36E-02	-5.84E-02
Multiple myeloma	2A83.1	Peripheral blood	2.70E-01	1.32E-01	9.13E-01
Multiple myeloma	2A83.1	Bone marrow	2.83E-04	-7.08E-01	-2.91E+00
Multiple sclerosis	8A40	Plasmacytoid dendritic cells	9.09E-01	-9.26E-02	-3.68E-01
Myelodysplastic syndrome	2A36-2A3Z	Bone marrow	8.96E-01	-9.61E-03	-2.89E-02
Myelofibrosis	2A20.2	Whole blood	7.76E-04	1.89E-01	8.57E-01
Myocardial infarction	BA41-BA50	Peripheral blood	6.91E-02	2.91E-01	5.07E-01
Myopathy	8C70.6	Muscle tissue	1.14E-01	-1.32E-01	-7.08E-01
Neonatal sepsis	KA60	Whole blood	1.69E-02	1.06E-01	3.95E-01
Neuroectodermal tumour	2A00.11	Brain stem tissue	3.82E-05	-1.32E+00	-2.53E+00
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease	DB92	Liver tissue	4.19E-01	9.45E-02	1.75E-01
Obesity related type 2 diabetes	5A11	Omental adipose tissue	2.69E-01	4.67E-02	5.90E-01
Olive pollen allergy	CA08.00	Peripheral blood	2.96E-03	2.40E-01	6.04E+00
Oral cancer	2B6E	Oral tissue	1.09E-05	-8.12E-01	-1.13E+00
Osteoarthritis	FA00-FA0Z	Synovial tissue	7.34E-03	-2.37E-01	-1.13E+00
Osteoporosis	FB83.1	Bone marrow	4.63E-01	-2.60E-02	-2.43E-01
Ovarian cancer	2C73	Ovarian tissue	2.69E-01	6.97E-02	1.48E-01
Pancreatic cancer	2C10	Pancreas	1.36E-02	5.20E-01	5.54E-01
Parkinson's disease	8A00.0	Substantia nigra tissue	2.35E-01	2.78E-02	2.09E-01
Pediatric respiratory syncytial virus infection	CA40.11	Peripheral blood	7.84E-01	-4.96E-02	-2.85E-01
Pituitary cancer	2D12	Pituitary tissue	1.63E-01	1.21E-01	3.60E-01
Pituitary gonadotrope tumour	2D12	Pituitary tissue	5.04E-02	3.10E-01	1.42E+00
Polycystic ovary syndrome	5A80.1	Vastus lateralis muscle	8.74E-01	5.62E-02	1.87E-01
Polycythemia vera	2A20.4	Whole blood	2.78E-03	8.00E-02	4.77E-01
Pompe disease	5C51.3	Biceps muscle	4.55E-02	-8.95E-02	-5.46E-01
Preterm birth	KA21.4Z	Myometrium	2.10E-01	-2.96E-03	-1.75E-02
Prostate cancer	2C82	Prostate	4.97E-04	-1.04E+00	-1.67E+00
Psoriasis	EA90	Skin	1.22E-05	1.49E-01	5.34E-01
Rectal cancer	2B92	Rectal colon tissue	3.04E-01	-5.14E-02	-1.57E-01
Renal cancer	2C90-2C91	Kidney	1.62E-02	-4.23E-01	-1.25E+00
Retinoblastoma	2D02.2	Uvea	8.01E-04	-2.94E-01	-1.95E+00
Rheumatoid arthritis	FA20	Synovial tissue	4.28E-02	-1.99E-01	-6.09E-01
Rhinovirus infection	CA42.1	Nasal epithelium tissue	5.34E-01	4.64E-04	3.34E-03
Schizophrenia	6A20	Prefrontal cortex	8.99E-01	-6.93E-03	-1.36E-02
Schizophrenia	6A20	Superior temporal cortex	9.21E-01	7.31E-03	6.10E-02
Scleroderma	4A42.Z	Whole blood	2.23E-04	-3.65E-01	-2.31E+00
Seizure	8A60-8A6Z	Whole blood	8.61E-01	1.32E-01	7.15E-01
Sensitive skin	EK0Z	Skin	1.42E-02	1.53E-01	1.10E+00
Sepsis with septic shock	1G41	Whole blood	2.64E-02	1.15E-01	3.95E-01
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome	3A70.0	Bone marrow	1.21E-01	5.16E-01	1.33E+00
Sickle cell disease	3A51.0-3A51.3	Peripheral blood	7.69E-02	1.66E-01	8.10E-01
Simpson golabi behmel syndrome	LD2C	Adipose tissue	5.75E-01	8.65E-02	8.35E-01
Sjogren's syndrome	4A43.2	Salivary gland tissue	4.22E-01	9.30E-03	3.20E-02
Skin cancer	2C30-2C3Z	Skin	4.91E-03	-1.59E-01	-3.84E-01
Thrombocythemia	3B63	Whole blood	4.18E-02	7.53E-02	3.45E-01
Thrombocytopenia	3B64	Whole blood	9.69E-01	4.32E-04	3.45E-03
Thyroid cancer	2D10	Thyroid	2.84E-06	1.24E-01	6.31E-01
Tibial muscular dystrophy	8C75	Muscle tissue	3.55E-01	-9.41E-02	-5.58E-01
Tuberous sclerosis complex	LD2D.2	Perituberal tissue	3.56E-01	1.51E-01	1.30E+00
Type 2 diabetes	5A11	Liver tissue	5.93E-01	-5.40E-02	-2.92E-01
Ureter cancer	2C92	Urothelium	6.40E-01	-1.32E-03	-7.76E-03
Uterine cancer	2C78	Endometrium tissue	4.46E-05	-2.53E-01	-2.36E-01
Vitiligo	ED63.0	Skin	1.43E-01	-3.38E-01	-8.82E-01
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


⏷ Show the Full List of DME Expression Under 107 Diseases

The Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT) Role of This DME

DME DTT Name

S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C9) DTT Info

DME DTT Type

Successful

1 Approved Drug(s) Targeting This DTT

Drug Name	Drug ID	Indication	ICD 11	Highest Status	REF
Sulfaphenazole	DMFNAEM	Bacterial infection	1A00-1C4Z	Approved	[1]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

References

1	Identification of amino acid substitutions that confer a high affinity for sulfaphenazole binding and a high catalytic efficiency for warfarin meta... Biochemistry. 1998 Nov 17;37(46):16270-9.
2	Metabolism of aceclofenac in humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 1996 Aug;24(8):834-41.
3	Prediction of pharmacokinetic drug/drug interactions from In vitro data: interactions of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug lornoxicam with oral anticoagulants. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Feb;28(2):161-8.
4	Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448.
5	Clinically and pharmacologically relevant interactions of antidiabetic drugs. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Apr;7(2):69-83.
6	Effect of alosetron on the pharmacokinetics of fluoxetine. J Clin Pharmacol. 2001 Apr;41(4):455-8.
7	Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675.
8	Cytochromes P450 mediating the N-demethylation of amitriptyline. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1997 Feb;43(2):137-44.
9	Amprenavir: a new human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor. Clin Ther. 2000 May;22(5):549-72.
10	Apixaban. Hosp Pharm. 2013 Jun;48(6):494-509.
11	Pharmacokinetic interaction between etravirine or darunavir/ritonavir and artemether/lumefantrine in healthy volunteers: a two-panel, two-way, two-period, randomized trial. HIV Med. 2013 Aug;14(7):421-9.
12	Polymorphisms of Aspirin-Metabolizing Enzymes CYP2C9, NAT2 and UGT1A6 in Aspirin-Intolerant Urticaria. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2011 Oct;3(4):273-6.
13	Atazanavir for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Pharmacotherapy. 2004 Dec;24(12):1732-47.
14	Azelastine N-demethylation by cytochrome P-450 (CYP)3A4, CYP2D6, and CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes: evaluation of approach to predict the contribution of multiple CYPs. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Dec;27(12):1381-91.
15	Quantitative binding models for CYP2C9 based on benzbromarone analogues. Biochemistry. 2004 Jun 8;43(22):6948-58.
16	Investigation of drug-drug interaction potential of bortezomib in vivo in female Sprague-Dawley rats and in vitro in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Apr;34(4):702-8.
17	Investigation of the mutual pharmacokinetic interactions between bosentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist, and simvastatin. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2003;42(3):293-301.
18	Effect of gemfibrozil on the metabolism of brivaracetam in vitro and in human subjects. Drug Metab Dispos. 2012 Aug;40(8):1466-72.
19	Metabolite profiling and reaction phenotyping for the in vitro assessment of the bioactivation of bromfenac. Chem Res Toxicol. 2020 Jan 21;33(1):249-257.
20	Product Monograph of Wellbutrin SR(Bupropion Hydrochloride).
21	FDA Label of Cabozantinib. The 2020 official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
22	Monkey liver cytochrome P450 2C9 is involved in caffeine 7-N-demethylation to form theophylline. Xenobiotica. 2013 Dec;43(12):1037-42.
23	Product Monograph of Atacand.
24	Molecular targets of cannabidiol in neurological disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2015 Oct;12(4):699-730.
25	Metabolism of capsaicin by cytochrome P450 produces novel dehydrogenated metabolites and decreases cytotoxicity to lung and liver cells. Chem Res Toxicol. 2003 Mar;16(3):336-49.
26	The role of CYP2C9 genetic polymorphism in carvedilol O-desmethylation in vitro. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2016 Feb;41(1):79-86.
27	Drug interactions in dentistry: the importance of knowing your CYPs. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004 Mar;135(3):298-311.
28	Chlorpropamide 2-hydroxylation is catalysed by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 in vitro: chlorpropamide disposition is influenced by CYP2C9, but not by CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2005 May;59(5):552-63.
29	Identification of the cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of cisapride: in vitro studies of potential co-medication interactions. Br J Pharmacol. 2000 Apr;129(8):1655-67.
30	Oxidative metabolism of flunarizine and cinnarizine by microsomes from B-lymphoblastoid cell lines expressing human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Biol Pharm Bull. 1996 Nov;19(11):1511-4.
31	Cytochrome P450 3A inhibition by ketoconazole affects prasugrel and clopidogrel pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics differently. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007 May;81(5):735-41.
32	Elucidation of individual cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of clozapine. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1998 Nov;358(5):592-9.
33	CYP2C9 polymorphisms in human tumors. Anticancer Res. 2006 Jan-Feb;26(1A):299-305.
34	Phase 1 study to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of dacomitinib in healthy adult Chinese subjects genotyped for CYP2D6. Xenobiotica. 2018 May;48(5):459-466.
35	Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dapagliflozin, a selective inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2014 Jan;53(1):17-27.
36	Differential activation of CYP2C9 variants by dapsone. Biochem Pharmacol. 2004 May 15;67(10):1831-41.
37	The role of CYP2C in the in vitro bioactivation of the contraceptive steroid desogestrel. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Dec;287(3):975-82.
38	New insights into the structural features and functional relevance of human cytochrome P450 2C9. Part I. Curr Drug Metab. 2009 Dec;10(10):1075-126.
39	Multiple human cytochromes contribute to biotransformation of dextromethorphan in-vitro: role of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1998 Sep;50(9):997-1004.
40	Phenytoin-diazepam interaction. Ann Pharmacother. 2003 May;37(5):659-63.
41	Pharmacogenetics aspects of oral anticoagulants therapy. J Med Life. 2015 Apr-Jun;8(2):171-5.
42	Drug interactions with calcium channel blockers: possible involvement of metabolite-intermediate complexation with CYP3A. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Feb;28(2):125-30.
43	Pharmacogenomics in psychiatry: implications for practice. Recent Pat Biotechnol. 2014;8(2):152-9.
44	Stereoselective metabolism of donepezil and steady-state plasma concentrations of S-donepezil based on CYP2D6 polymorphisms in the therapeutic responses of Han Chinese patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Pharmacol Sci. 2015 Nov;129(3):188-95.
45	Pharmacogenetics of schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet. 2000 Spring;97(1):98-106.
46	Product monograph: CARDURA (Doxazosin mesylate).
47	Contributions of CYP2D6, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 to the biotransformation of E- and Z-doxepin in healthy volunteers. Pharmacogenetics. 2002 Oct;12(7):571-80.
48	Duloxetine: clinical pharmacokinetics and drug interactions. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2011 May;50(5):281-94.
49	CYP-eicosanoids--a new link between omega-3 fatty acids and cardiac disease? Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2011 Nov;96(1-4):99-108.
50	Eletriptan in the management of acute migraine: an update on the evidence for efficacy, safety, and consistent response. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2016 Sep;9(5):414-23.
51	FDA Label of Enasidenib. The 2020 official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
52	Cytochrome P4502C9-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids induce the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Feb;25(2):321-6.
53	FDA label of Erdafitinib. The 2020 official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
54	Characterization of the oxidative metabolites of 17beta-estradiol and estrone formed by 15 selectively expressed human cytochrome p450 isoforms. Endocrinology. 2003 Aug;144(8):3382-98.
55	A potential role for the estrogen-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes in human breast carcinogenesis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003 Dec;82(3):191-7.
56	The involvement of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 in the metabolism of 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Nov;32(11):1209-12.
57	Stereoselective glucuronidation and hydroxylation of etodolac by UGT1A9 and CYP2C9 in man. Xenobiotica. 2004 May;34(5):449-61.
58	Role of human liver cytochrome P4503A in the metabolism of etoricoxib, a novel cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Jun;29(6):813-20.
59	Pharmacokinetic interactions between etravirine and non-antiretroviral drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2011 Jan;50(1):25-39.
60	Effect of fluconazole on plasma fluvastatin and pravastatin concentrations. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Jun;56(3):225-9.
61	CYP3A4 is the major CYP isoform mediating the in vitro hydroxylation and demethylation of flunitrazepam. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Feb;29(2):133-40.
62	Binding of CYP2C9 with diverse drugs and its implications for metabolic mechanism. Med Chem. 2009 May;5(3):263-70.
63	Effect of CYP2C9 genetic polymorphism on the metabolism of flurbiprofen in vitro. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2015;41(8):1363-7.
64	Limitations of S-warfarin truncated area under the concentration-time curve to predict cytochrome P450 2c9 activity. Drug Metab Lett. 2012 Jun 1;6(2):94-101.
65	FDA Label of Formoterol. The 2020 official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
66	Contributions of human cytochrome P450 enzymes to glyburide metabolism. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2010 May;31(4):228-42.
67	Effect of CYP2C9 genetic polymorphisms on the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of glimepiride in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2006 May;72(2):148-54.
68	Clinical consequences of cytochrome P450 2C9 polymorphisms. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Jan;77(1):1-16.
69	In vitro characterization of the metabolism of haloperidol using recombinant cytochrome p450 enzymes and human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Dec;29(12):1638-43.
70	Human reductive halothane metabolism in vitro is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 2A6 and 3A4. Drug Metab Dispos. 1996 Sep;24(9):976-83.
71	Role of individual human cytochrome P450 enzymes in the in vitro metabolism of hydromorphone. Xenobiotica. 2004 Apr;34(4):335-44.;
72	In vitro evaluation of cytochrome P450-mediated drug interactions between cytarabine, idarubicin, itraconazole and caspofungin. Hematology. 2004 Jun;9(3):217-21.
73	Drug-drug interactions with imatinib: an observational study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Oct;95(40):e5076.
74	Rapid detection of the known SNPs of CYP2C9 using oligonucleotide microarray. World J Gastroenterol. 2003 Jun;9(6):1342-6.
75	Effects of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of istradefylline in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol. 2018 Feb;58(2):193-201.
76	Contribution of CYP3A4, CYP2B6, and CYP2C9 isoforms to N-demethylation of ketamine in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Jul;30(7):853-8.
77	Ketobemidone is a substrate for cytochrome P4502C9 and 3A4, but not for P-glycoprotein. Xenobiotica. 2005 Aug;35(8):785-96.
78	Clinical pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen enantiomers in wild type of Cyp 2c8 and Cyp 2c9 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2011 Sep;36(3):167-73.
79	Lacosamide: what can be expected from the next new antiepileptic drug? Epilepsy Curr. 2009 Sep-Oct;9(5):133-4.
80	Leflunomide-induced acute hepatitis. Dig Liver Dis. 2004 Jan;36(1):82-4.
81	FDA Label of Lesinurad. The 2020 official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
82	In vitro inhibition of human liver drug metabolizing enzymes by second generation antihistamines. Chem Biol Interact. 1999 Nov 15;123(1):63-79.
83	Clinical pharmacology of lumiracoxib: a selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2005;44(12):1247-66.
84	CYP2C-catalyzed delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol metabolism: kinetics, pharmacogenetics and interaction with phenytoin. Biochem Pharmacol. 2005 Oct 1;70(7):1096-103.
85	Cytochrome P450-mediated bioactivation of mefenamic acid to quinoneimine intermediates and inactivation by human glutathione S-transferases. Chem Res Toxicol. 2014 Dec 15;27(12):2071-81.
86	Cytochrome P450 metabolic dealkylation of nine N-nitrosodialkylamines by human liver microsomes. Carcinogenesis. 1996 Sep;17(9):2029-34.
87	Methadone metabolism and drug-drug interactions: in vitro and in vivo literature review. J Pharm Sci. 2018 Dec;107(12):2983-2991.
88	Identification of cytochrome P450 2E1 as the predominant enzyme catalyzing human liver microsomal defluorination of sevoflurane, isoflurane, and methoxyflurane. Anesthesiology. 1993 Oct;79(4):795-807.
89	Pharmacokinetics and disposition of momelotinib revealed a disproportionate human metabolite-resolution for clinical development. Drug Metab Dispos. 2018 Mar;46(3):237-247.
90	In vitro metabolism of montelukast by cytochrome P450s and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Drug Metab Dispos. 2015 Dec;43(12):1905-16.
91	In vitro characterization of the cytochrome P450 isoforms involved in the metabolism of 6-methoxy-2-napthylacetic acid, an active metabolite of the prodrug nabumetone. Biol Pharm Bull. 2011;34(5):734-9.
92	Identification of human cytochrome P450 isozymes involved in the metabolism of naftopidil enantiomers in vitro. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2014 Nov;66(11):1534-51.
93	Drug-drug and food-drug pharmacokinetic interactions with new insulinotropic agents repaglinide and nateglinide. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2007;46(2):93-108.
94	Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 isoforms by nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. J Clin Pharmacol. 2001 Jan;41(1):85-91.
95	Generation and evaluation of a CYP2C9 heteroactivation pharmacophore. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Dec;307(3):878-87.
96	Roles of CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 in nicotine C-oxidation by human liver microsomes. Arch Toxicol. 1999 Mar;73(2):65-70.
97	FDA Label of Olodaterol. The 2020 official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
98	Comparison of inhibitory effects of the proton pump-inhibiting drugs omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, and rabeprazole on human cytochrome P450 activities. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Aug;32(8):821-7.
99	Ospemifene metabolism in humans in vitro and in vivo: metabolite identification, quantitation, and CYP assignment of major hydroxylations. Drug Metabol Drug Interact. 2013;28(3):153-61.
100	Oxaprozin and piroxicam, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs with long half-lives: effect of protein-binding differences on steady-state pharmacokinetics. J Clin Pharmacol. 1997 Apr;37(4):267-78.
101	Involvement of cytochrome P450 2C9, 2E1 and 3A4 in trimethadione N-demethylation in human microsomes. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2003 Dec;28(6):493-6.
102	Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and FMO3 contribute to the disposition of the antipsychotic drug perazine in vitro. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2000 Sep;151(4):312-20.
103	Identification of the human cytochrome P450 isoforms mediating in vitro N-dealkylation of perphenazine. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Dec;50(6):563-71.
104	Induction of human CYP2C9 by rifampicin, hyperforin, and phenobarbital is mediated by the pregnane X receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Feb;308(2):495-501.
105	Genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 2C9 causing reduced phenprocoumon (S)-7-hydroxylation in vitro and in vivo. Xenobiotica. 2004 Sep;34(9):847-59.
106	Metabolism of sulfinpyrazone sulfide and sulfinpyrazone by human liver microsomes and cDNA-expressed cytochrome P450s. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 May;29(5):701-11.
107	Antiepileptic drug interactions - principles and clinical implications. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2010 Sep;8(3):254-67.
108	Current clinical evidence on pioglitazone pharmacogenomics. Front Pharmacol. 2013 Nov 26;4:147.
109	Eurartesim - European Medicines Agency
110	Functional characterization of human CYP2C9 allelic variants in COS-7 cells. Front Pharmacol. 2016 Apr 25;7:98.
111	Pitavastatin: a review in hypercholesterolemia. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2017 Apr;17(2):157-168.
112	The evolution of antiplatelet therapy in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes: from aspirin to the present day. Drugs. 2012 Nov 12;72(16):2087-116.
113	In vitro comparative inhibition profiles of major human drug metabolising cytochrome P450 isozymes (CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4) by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1996;50(3):209-15.
114	Prescribrt's digital referenve - Primidone - Drug Summary.
115	Progesterone and testosterone hydroxylation by cytochromes P450 2C19, 2C9, and 3A4 in human liver microsomes. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997 Oct 1;346(1):161-9.
116	Cytochrome P-450 2B6 is responsible for interindividual variability of propofol hydroxylation by human liver microsomes. Anesthesiology. 2001 Jan;94(1):110-9.
117	Interaction between grapefruit juice and hypnotic drugs: comparison of triazolam and quazepam. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2006 Mar;62(3):209-15.
118	Effect of diclofenac, disulfiram, itraconazole, grapefruit juice and erythromycin on the pharmacokinetics of quinidine. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1999 Dec;48(6):829-38.
119	Identification of human cytochrome P450 isoforms involved in the 3-hydroxylation of quinine by human live microsomes and nine recombinant human cytochromes P450. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1996 Dec;279(3):1327-34.
120	Impact of CYP2C9 genotype on pharmacokinetics: are all cyclooxygenase inhibitors the same? Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Nov;33(11):1567-75.
121	Characterization of the cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the in vitro metabolism of rosiglitazone. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1999 Sep;48(3):424-32.
122	Effects of acid and lactone forms of eight HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on CYP-mediated metabolism and MDR1-mediated transport. Pharm Res. 2006 Mar;23(3):506-12.
123	Aromatic hydroxylation of salicylic acid and aspirin by human cytochromes P450. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2015 Jun 20;73:49-56.
124	Sertraline is metabolized by multiple cytochrome P450 enzymes, monoamine oxidases, and glucuronyl transferases in human: an in vitro study. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Feb;33(2):262-70.
125	Metabolism and disposition of siponimod, a novel selective S1P1/S1P5 agonist, in healthy volunteers and in vitro identification of human cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in its oxidative metabolism. Drug Metab Dispos. 2018 Jul;46(7):1001-1013.
126	Prediction of in vivo drug-drug interactions between tolbutamide and various sulfonamides in humans based on in vitro experiments. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Apr;28(4):475-81.
127	Reduction of sulfamethoxazole and dapsone hydroxylamines by a microsomal enzyme system purified from pig liver and pig and human liver microsomes. Life Sci. 2005 May 27;77(2):205-19.
128	Mechanism-based inactivation of human recombinant P450 2C9 by the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug suprofen. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Nov;31(11):1369-77.
129	Tamoxifen inhibits cytochrome P450 2C9 activity in breast cancer patients. J Chemother. 2006 Aug;18(4):421-4.
130	Investigations into the drug-drug interaction potential of tapentadol in human liver microsomes and fresh human hepatocytes. Drug Metab Lett. 2008 Jan;2(1):67-75.
131	Role of cDNA-expressed human cytochromes P450 in the metabolism of diazepam. Biochem Pharmacol. 1998 Mar 15;55(6):889-96.
132	CYP2C9 genotypes and the pharmacokinetics of tenoxicam in Brazilians. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Jul;76(1):18-26.
133	Human cytochrome p450 induction and inhibition potential of clevidipine and its primary metabolite h152/81. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 May;34(5):734-7.
134	Thalidomide metabolism by the CYP2C subfamily. Clin Cancer Res. 2002 Jun;8(6):1964-73.
135	Protein binding and the metabolism of thiamylal enantiomers in vitro. Anesth Analg. 2000 Sep;91(3):736-40.
136	Effects of organic solvents on the activities of cytochrome P450 isoforms, UDP-dependent glucuronyl transferase, and phenol sulfotransferase in human hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Feb;29(2):141-4.
137	Tolterodine, a new muscarinic receptor antagonist, is metabolized by cytochromes P450 2D6 and 3A in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 1998 Apr;26(4):289-93.
138	In vitro characterization of the human biotransformation and CYP reaction phenotype of ET-743 (Yondelis, Trabectidin), a novel marine anti-cancer drug. Invest New Drugs. 2006 Jan;24(1):3-14.
139	Glucuronidation of antiallergic drug, Tranilast: identification of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isoforms and effect of its phase I metabolite. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Apr;35(4):583-9.
140	Lack of a pharmacokinetic interaction between oral treprostinil and bosentan in healthy adult volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Jul;50(7):829-34.
141	In vitro drug-drug interaction potential of sulfoxide and/or sulfone metabolites of albendazole, triclabendazole, aldicarb, methiocarb, montelukast and ziprasidone. Drug Metab Lett. 2018;12(2):101-116.
142	FDA label of Trifarotene. The 2020 official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
143	Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole are selective inhibitors of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, respectively. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Jun;30(6):631-5.
144	Effects of polymorphisms in CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 on trimipramine pharmacokinetics. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003 Oct;23(5):459-66.
145	In vitro inhibitory effects of troglitazone and its metabolites on drug oxidation activities of human cytochrome P450 enzymes: comparison with pioglitazone and rosiglitazone. Xenobiotica. 2000 Jan;30(1):61-70.
146	Genetically based impairment in CYP2C8- and CYP2C9-dependent NSAID metabolism as a risk factor for gastrointestinal bleeding: is a combination of pharmacogenomics and metabolomics required to improve personalized medicine? Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2009 Jun;5(6):607-20.
147	A mechanistic approach to antiepileptic drug interactions. Ann Pharmacother. 1998 May;32(5):554-63.
148	In vitro inhibition screening of human hepatic P450 enzymes by five angiotensin-II receptor antagonists. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 May;56(2):135-40.
149	O- and N-demethylation of venlafaxine in vitro by human liver microsomes and by microsomes from cDNA-transfected cells: effect of metabolic inhibitors and SSRI antidepressants. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1999 May;20(5):480-90.
150	The dawn of hedgehog inhibitors: Vismodegib. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2013 Jan;4(1):4-7.
151	Effect of voriconazole on the pharmacokinetics of diclofenac. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Dec;21(6):651-6.
152	Identification of the cytochrome P450 and other enzymes involved in the in vitro oxidative metabolism of a novel antidepressant, Lu AA21004. Drug Metab Dispos. 2012 Jul;40(7):1357-65.
153	FDA label of Fedratinib. The 2020 official website of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
154	Pharmacogenomics of CYP2C9: functional and clinical considerations. J Pers Med. 2017 Dec 28;8(1).
155	Potential of pranlukast and zafirlukast in the inhibition of human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes. Xenobiotica. 2004 May;34(5):429-38.
156	Protease inhibitors in patients with HIV disease. Clinically important pharmacokinetic considerations. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1997 Mar;32(3):194-209.
157	Identification of the human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of zileuton (ABT-077) and its N-dehydroxylated metabolite, Abbott-66193. Drug Metab Dispos. 1995 Oct;23(10):1163-74.
158	The influences of CYP2C91/3 genotype on the pharmacokinetics of zolpidem. Arch Pharm Res. 2018 Sep;41(9):931-936.
159	Cytochrome P-450 3A4 and 2C8 are involved in zopiclone metabolism. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Sep;27(9):1068-73.
160	Lack of effect of Imrecoxib, an innovative and moderate COX-2 inhibitor, on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy volunteers. Sci Rep. 2019 Oct 31;9(1):15774.
161	Identification of the human cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the in vitro biotransformation of lynestrenol and norethindrone. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2008 May;110(1-2):56-66.
162	Product Monograph of Xtandi Rupatadine (as rupatadine fumarate).
163	An updated review of iclaprim: a potent and rapidly bactericidal antibiotic for the treatment of skin and skin structure infections and nosocomial pneumonia caused by gram-positive including multidrug-resistant bacteria. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2018 Jan 6;5(2):ofy003.
164	Involvement of multiple cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes in the in vitro metabolism of muraglitazar. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Jan;35(1):139-49.
165	Effect of netupitant, a highly selective NK?receptor antagonist, on the pharmacokinetics of palonosetron and impact of the fixed dose combination of netupitant and palonosetron when coadministered with ketoconazole, rifampicin, and oral contraceptives. Support Care Cancer. 2013 Oct;21(10):2879-87.
166	In vitro characterization of sarizotan metabolism: hepatic clearance, identification and characterization of metabolites, drug-metabolizing enzyme identification, and evaluation of cytochrome p450 inhibition. Drug Metab Dispos. 2010 Jun;38(6):905-16.
167	Australian Public Assessment Report for asunaprevir.
168	Pharmacokinetic profile of dexloxiglumide. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2006;45(12):1177-88.
169	In vitro metabolism of ferroquine (SSR97193) in animal and human hepatic models and antimalarial activity of major metabolites on Plasmodium falciparum. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Apr;34(4):667-82.
170	PK/PD model of indisulam and capecitabine: interaction causes excessive myelosuppression. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Jun;83(6):829-39.
171	Assessment of drug-drug interaction potential and PBPK modeling of CC-223, a potent inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin kinase. Xenobiotica. 2019 Jan;49(1):54-70.
172	Nonclinical pharmacokinetics and in vitro metabolism of H3B-6545, a novel selective ERalpha covalent antagonist (SERCA). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2019 Jan;83(1):151-160.
173	Identification of enzymes responsible for primary and sequential oxygenation reactions of capravirine in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Nov;34(11):1798-802.
174	A first-in-human phase I, dose-escalation, multicentre study of HSP990 administered orally in adult patients with advanced solid malignancies. Br J Cancer. 2015 Feb 17;112(4):650-9.
175	Activation of phenacetin O-deethylase activity by alpha-naphthoflavone in human liver microsomes. Xenobiotica. 1999 Sep;29(9):885-98.
176	Interaction of acenocoumarol and sitaxentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur J Clin Invest. 2009 Jun;39 Suppl 2:14-8.
177	Effects of serum albumin and liver cytosol on CYP2C9- and CYP3A4-mediated drug metabolism. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2002;17(6):522-31.
178	Cytochrome P450 enzymes and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases as hepatocellular autoantigens. Mol Biol Rep. 1996;23(3-4):235-42.
179	Comparative pharmacokinetics of vitamin K antagonists: warfarin, phenprocoumon and acenocoumarol. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2005;44(12):1227-46.
180	Characterization of human cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of cyamemazine. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2007 Dec;32(4-5):357-66.