Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC5HPSP)

• Drug Combination Name: Isosorbide Dinitrate + Primidone
• Indication: Chronic myelogenous leukemia; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Isosorbide Dinitrate (DMBI4JG): Small molecular drug
  Primidone (DM0WX6I): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: KBM-7
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 16.24
  Bliss Independence Score: 16.24
  Loewe Additivity Score: 30.82
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 30.82

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Isosorbide Dinitrate

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Anal fissure	DB50.0	Approved	[2]
Angina pectoris	BA40	Approved	[2]
Chronic heart failure	BD1Z	Approved	[3]

Isosorbide Dinitrate Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Guanylate cyclase (GC)	TT6HPVC	NOUNIPROTAC	Stimulator	[6]

Isosorbide Dinitrate Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[7]
Glutathione S-transferase alpha-1 (GSTA1)	DE4ZHS1	GSTA1_HUMAN	Metabolism	[8]

Isosorbide Dinitrate Interacts with 2 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1)	OTE4EFH8	CP1A1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[9]
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase (G6PD)	OT300SMK	G6PD_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[10]

Indication(s) of Primidone

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Epilepsy	8A60-8A68	Approved	[4]
Epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures	N.A.	Approved	[5]
Focal epilepsy	N.A.	Approved	[5]

Primidone Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
GABA(A) receptor alpha-1 (GABRA1)	TT1MPAY	GBRA1_HUMAN	Antagonist	[11]

Primidone Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Metabolism	[12]
Mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (CYP2C19)	DEGTFWK	CP2CJ_HUMAN	Metabolism	[13]

Primidone Interacts with 11 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Alanine aminotransferase 1 (GPT)	OTOXOA0Q	ALAT1_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[14]
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 (PON1)	OTD0Z2XO	PON1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[15]
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11)	OTRU7THO	ABCBB_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[16]
Interleukin-1 alpha (IL1A)	OTPSGILV	IL1A_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[17]
Antileukoproteinase (SLPI)	OTUNFUU8	SLPI_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[17]
Protein S100-A8 (S100A8)	OTVMOB3F	S10A8_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[18]
Protein S100-A9 (S100A9)	OTOARHCS	S10A9_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[18]
Tissue factor (F3)	OT3MSU3B	TF_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[19]
Interleukin-24 (IL24)	OT4VUWH1	IL24_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[17]
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme (ALPL)	OTG7J4BP	PPBT_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[14]
Glutathione hydrolase 7 (GGT7)	OTW4IO3I	GGT7_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[14]

References

• [1] Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7051).
• [3] Isosorbide dinitrate FDA Label
• [4] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5338).
• [5] Primidone FDA Label
• [6] Nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase isoforms in the normal, hypertrophic, and failing heart. Mol Cell Biochem. 2010 Jan;333(1-2):191-201.
• [7] Isoforms of cytochrome P450 on organic nitrate-derived nitric oxide release in human heart vessels. FEBS Lett. 1999 Jun 11;452(3):165-9.
• [8] Nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate stimulation of glutathione disulfide efflux from perfused rat liver. Biochem Pharmacol. 1989 Nov 1;38(21):3807-10.
• [9] Association of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 inhibition in in vitro assays with drug-induced liver injury. J Toxicol Sci. 2021;46(4):167-176. doi: 10.2131/jts.46.167.
• [10] Isosorbide dinitrate-induced hemolysis in G6PD-deficient subjects. Acta Haematol. 1983;69(1):63-4. doi: 10.1159/000206844.
• [11] DrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Jan;36(Database issue):D901-6.
• [12] Prescribrt's digital referenve - Primidone - Drug Summary.
• [13] Clinically significant pharmacokinetic drug interactions between antiepileptic drugs. J Clin Pharm Ther. 1999 Apr;24(2):87-92.
• [14] ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
• [15] Antiepileptic drugs: impacts on human serum paraoxonase-1. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2017 Jun;31(6).
• [16] Evaluating the Role of Multidrug Resistance Protein 3 (MDR3) Inhibition in Predicting Drug-Induced Liver Injury Using 125 Pharmaceuticals. Chem Res Toxicol. 2017 May 15;30(5):1219-1229. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00048. Epub 2017 May 4.
• [17] An in vitro coculture system of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cells for predicting drug-induced liver injury. Arch Toxicol. 2021 Jan;95(1):149-168. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02882-4. Epub 2020 Aug 20.
• [18] Prediction of drug-induced liver injury using keratinocytes. J Appl Toxicol. 2017 Jul;37(7):863-872. doi: 10.1002/jat.3435. Epub 2017 Jan 31.
• [19] Elucidating mechanisms of toxicity using phenotypic data from primary human cell systems--a chemical biology approach for thrombosis-related side effects. Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Jan 5;16(1):1008-29. doi: 10.3390/ijms16011008.