Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCF70AB)

Drug Combination Name

SB 228357 Ritonavir

Indication

Disease Entry	Status	REF
Hepatoblastoma	Investigative	[1]

Component Drugs

SB 228357 DMKA8R4

Ritonavir DMU764S

Small molecular drug

2D MOL

3D MOL is unavailable

3D MOL

High-throughput Screening Result

Testing Cell Line: HB3

Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 1.066

Bliss Independence Score: 6.039

Loewe Additivity Score: 2.017

LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 5.392

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA)

Indication(s) of SB 228357

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Discovery agent	N.A.	Investigative	[2]

SB 228357 Interacts with 3 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
5-HT 2B receptor (HTR2B)	TT0K1SC	5HT2B_HUMAN	Antagonist	[4]
5-HT 2A receptor (HTR2A)	TTJQOD7	5HT2A_HUMAN	Antagonist	[4]
5-HT 2C receptor (HTR2C)	TTWJBZ5	5HT2C_HUMAN	Antagonist	[4]
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Indication(s) of Ritonavir

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Human immunodeficiency virus infection	1C62	Approved	[3]

Ritonavir Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Human immunodeficiency virus Protease (HIV PR)	TT5FNQT	POL_HV1B1	Inhibitor	[7]
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Ritonavir Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (ABCC2)	DTFI42L	MRP2_HUMAN	Substrate	[8]
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[9]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 (SLCO2B1)	DTPFTEQ	SO2B1_HUMAN	Substrate	[10]
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Ritonavir Interacts with 5 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[11]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[12]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)	DEIBDNY	CP3A5_HUMAN	Metabolism	[13]
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (CYP3A7)	DERD86B	CP3A7_HUMAN	Metabolism	[11]
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6)	DEPKLMQ	CP2B6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[14]
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Ritonavir Interacts with 90 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5)	OTSXFBXB	CP3A5_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[15]
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6)	OTOYO4S7	CP2B6_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[16]
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	OTQGYY83	CP3A4_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[17]
Adiponectin (ADIPOQ)	OTNX23LE	ADIPO_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[18]
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBF2)	OTBXUNPL	SRBP2_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[19]
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBF1)	OTWBRPAI	SRBP1_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[19]
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1)	OTE4EFH8	CP1A1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[20]
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	OTLLBX48	CP1A2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[20]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	OTGLBN29	CP2C9_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[20]
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19)	OTFMJYYE	CP2CJ_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[20]
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)	OTHCWT42	CP2C8_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[21]
Bile salt export pump (ABCB11)	OTRU7THO	ABCBB_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[22]
Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19)	OT2DVJWY	FGF19_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10)	OTTLQ6S0	CXL10_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Growth-regulated alpha protein (CXCL1)	OT3WCTZV	GROA_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Interleukin-7 (IL7)	OTT6YSKM	IL7_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
C-C motif chemokine 4 (CCL4)	OT6B8P25	CCL4_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)	OTO46S5S	LIF_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2)	OTEJCYMY	CXCL2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2)	OTPAFCPQ	SCP2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1)	OT8Z5KLD	CP7A1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Interleukin-32 (IL32)	OT3FHZ81	IL32_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
MHC class II transactivator (CIITA)	OTRJNZFO	C2TA_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5)	OTZOUPCA	CXCL5_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (CXCL12)	OT2QX5LL	SDF1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
C-C motif chemokine 20 (CCL20)	OTUCJY4N	CCL20_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
C-X-C motif chemokine 6 (CXCL6)	OTFTCQ4O	CXCL6_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Hepatic sodium/bile acid cotransporter (SLC10A1)	OTUJVMCL	NTCP_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Organic solute transporter subunit alpha (SLC51A)	OTDJRZ0P	OSTA_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Protein NLRC5 (NLRC5)	OTY8X6MC	NLRC5_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Heat shock protein 105 kDa (HSPH1)	OTVRR73T	HS105_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
Bile acid receptor (NR1H4)	OTWZLPTB	NR1H4_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
7-alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one 12-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP8B1)	OTRI4UR1	CP8B1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[16]
Transcription factor E2F3 (E2F3)	OT5VQMWY	E2F3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[23]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5)	OTILXZYL	BIRC5_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[24]
G1/S-specific cyclin-E2 (CCNE2)	OTBBUKQQ	CCNE2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[23]
Protein c-Fos (FOS)	OTJBUVWS	FOS_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[25]
Myc proto-oncogene protein (MYC)	OTPV5LUK	MYC_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[24]
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)	OT4IE164	TNFA_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[26]
Prelamin-A/C (LMNA)	OT3SG7ZR	LMNA_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[27]
Albumin (ALB)	OTVMM513	ALBU_HUMAN	Affects Binding	[28]
Estrogen receptor (ESR1)	OTKLU61J	ESR1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[29]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53)	OTIE1VH3	P53_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[23]
Interleukin-6 (IL6)	OTUOSCCU	IL6_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[18]
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1)	OTTOIX77	ICAM1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[30]
Transcription factor Jun (JUN)	OTCYBO6X	JUN_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[25]
Retinoblastoma-associated protein (RB1)	OTQJUJMZ	RB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[23]
Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1)	OTC1W6UX	HMOX1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[25]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1)	OT310QSG	PARP1_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[23]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8)	OTS7T5VH	IL8_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[27]
C-C motif chemokine 3 (CCL3)	OTW2H3ND	CCL3_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[18]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2)	OT9DVHC0	BCL2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[23]
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4)	OT7EP05T	CDK4_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[23]
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (SRC)	OTETYX40	SRC_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[31]
C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2)	OTAD2HEL	CCL2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[18]
G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1 (CCNB1)	OT19S7E5	CCNB1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[23]
Beta-galactosidase (GLB1)	OTB0TKAG	BGAL_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[27]
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit (NFKB1)	OTNRRD8I	NFKB1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[24]
Cyclin-A2 (CCNA2)	OTPHHYZJ	CCNA2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[23]
Phosphatidylcholine translocator ABCB4 (ABCB4)	OTE6PY83	MDR3_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[32]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (CCND1)	OT8HPTKJ	CCND1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[29]
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2)	OTB5DYYZ	CDK2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[23]
NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha (NFKBIA)	OTFT924M	IKBA_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[24]
Retinoblastoma-like protein 1 (RBL1)	OTDEBFYC	RBL1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[23]
Caspase-1 (CASP1)	OTZ3YQFU	CASP1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[26]
Nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3)	OTLDT7NR	NOS3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[33]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 (CCND2)	OTDULQF9	CCND2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[24]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG)	OTHMARHO	PPARG_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[34]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A)	OTQWHCZE	CDN1A_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[23]
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)	OTAAGKYZ	STAT3_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[31]
Leptin (LEP)	OT5Q7ODW	LEP_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[18]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[26]
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor B (CDKN2B)	OTAG24N1	CDN2B_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[23]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B)	OTNY5LLZ	CDN1B_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[23]
Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 (FASLG)	OTZARCHH	TNFL6_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[26]
Cyclin-dependent kinase 3 (CDK3)	OT2GP6RL	CDK3_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[23]
Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6)	OTR95N0X	CDK6_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[23]
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5)	OT1YAK9F	CDK5_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[23]
Transcription factor E2F1 (E2F1)	OTLKYBBC	E2F1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[23]
Transcription factor p65 (RELA)	OTUJP9CN	TF65_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[24]
Proto-oncogene c-Rel (REL)	OTTCKMAC	REL_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[24]
Bcl-2-like protein 1 (BCL2L1)	OTRC5K9O	B2CL1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[24]
Retinoblastoma-like protein 2 (RBL2)	OTBQSOE6	RBL2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[23]
Transcription factor E2F2 (E2F2)	OTO75RM7	E2F2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[23]
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2)	OT0HENJ5	NF2L2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[30]
Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer (BAK1)	OTDP6ILW	BAK_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[23]
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1)	OTYXFLSD	CP1B1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[35]
Scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SCARB1)	OTAE1UA1	SCRB1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[34]
AP-2 complex subunit alpha-2 (AP2A2)	OTD1UGUN	AP2A2_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[19]
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)	OTTW0267	LIPL_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[19]
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⏷ Show the Full List of 90 DOT(s)

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
DD2	DCF6NVM	DD2	Investigative	[36]
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2	URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 192).
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8	Interaction of eight HIV protease inhibitors with the canalicular efflux transporter ABCC2 (MRP2) in sandwich-cultured rat and human hepatocytes. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2010 Mar;31(2-3):178-88.
9	MDR1 G1199A polymorphism alters permeability of HIV protease inhibitors across P-glycoprotein-expressing epithelial cells. AIDS. 2005 Oct 14;19(15):1617-25.
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11	Effect of extended exposure to grapefruit juice on cytochrome P450 3A activity in humans: comparison with ritonavir. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Mar;79(3):243-54.
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13	Drug Interactions Flockhart Table
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20	Severe interaction between ritonavir and acenocoumarol. Ann Pharmacother. 2002 Apr;36(4):621-3.
21	Examination of 209 drugs for inhibition of cytochrome P450 2C8. J Clin Pharmacol. 2005 Jan;45(1):68-78.
22	Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Dec; 118(2):485-500.
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25	The HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir synergizes with butyrate for induction of apoptotic cell death and mediates expression of heme oxygenase-1 in DLD-1 colon carcinoma cells. Br J Pharmacol. 2004 Dec;143(7):890-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706023. Epub 2004 Oct 25.
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32	Evaluating the Role of Multidrug Resistance Protein 3 (MDR3) Inhibition in Predicting Drug-Induced Liver Injury Using 125 Pharmaceuticals. Chem Res Toxicol. 2017 May 15;30(5):1219-1229. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00048. Epub 2017 May 4.
33	Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) inhibits ritonavir-induced endothelial dysfunction in porcine pulmonary arteries. Med Sci Monit. 2011 Nov;17(11):BR312-318. doi: 10.12659/msm.882040.
34	Estrogen prevents cholesteryl ester accumulation in macrophages induced by the HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir. J Cell Biochem. 2008 Apr 1;103(5):1598-606. doi: 10.1002/jcb.21546.
35	Association of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 inhibition in in vitro assays with drug-induced liver injury. J Toxicol Sci. 2021;46(4):167-176. doi: 10.2131/jts.46.167.
36	Recurrent recessive mutation in deoxyguanosine kinase causes idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension.Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1977-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28499. Epub 2016 Mar 31.