Details of the Drug

General Information of Drug (ID: DMU764S)

Drug Name
Ritonavir
Synonyms
Norvir; RIT; RTV; Norvir Sec; Ritonavir [USAN]; ABT 538; ABT 84538; ABT538; Abbott 84538; A-84538; ABBOTT-84538; ABT-538; DRG-0244; Norvir (TM); Norvir (TN); Ritonavir (JAN/USAN/INN); N-[(2S,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl]-N~2~-(methyl{[2-(propan-2-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl}carbamoyl)-L-valinamide; 1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl N-[(2S,3S,5S)-3-hydroxy-5-[[(2S)-3-methyl-2-[[methyl-[(2-propan-2-yl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]carbamoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]-1,6-diphenylhexan-2-yl]carbamate; 5-Thiazolylmethyl ((alphaS)-alpha-((1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-((2S)-2-(3-((2-isopropyl-4-thiazolyl)methyl)-3-methylureido)-3-methylbutyramido)-4-phenylbutyl)phenethyl)carbamate; 5-Thiazolylmethyl ((alphaS)-alpha-((1S,3S-1-hydroxy-3-((2S)-2-(3-((2-isopropyl-4-thiazolyl)methyl)-3-methylureido)-3-methylbutyramido)-4-phenylbutyl)phenethyl)carbamate; 538, ABT
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [1]
Therapeutic Class
Anti-HIV Agents
Drug Type
Small molecular drug
Structure
3D MOL 2D MOL
#Ro5 Violations (Lipinski): 3 Molecular Weight (mw) 720.9
Topological Polar Surface Area (xlogp) 6
Rotatable Bond Count (rotbonds) 18
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count (hbonddonor) 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count (hbondacc) 9
ADMET Property
Absorption Tmax
The time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) is 5-7 min [2]
BDDCS Class
Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) Class 2: low solubility and high permeability [3]
Bioavailability
The bioavailability of drug is 2-3% [2]
Clearance
The renal clearance of drug is 0.1 L/h [4]
Elimination
Following oral administration of a single 600mg dose of radiolabeled ritonavir, approximately 11.3 +/- 2.8% of the dose was excreted into the urine, of which 3.5 +/- 1.8% was unchanged parent drug [4]
Half-life
The concentration or amount of drug in body reduced by one-half in 3 - 5 hours [4]
MRTD
The Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Dose (MRTD) of drug that ensured maximising efficacy and moderate side effect is 23.7778 micromolar/kg/day [5]
Vd
The volume of distribution (Vd) of drug is 0.41 +/- 0.25 L/kg [4]
Chemical Identifiers
Formula
C37H48N6O5S2
IUPAC Name
1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl N-[(2S,3S,5S)-3-hydroxy-5-[[(2S)-3-methyl-2-[[methyl-[(2-propan-2-yl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]carbamoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]-1,6-diphenylhexan-2-yl]carbamate
Canonical SMILES
CC(C)C1=NC(=CS1)CN(C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)C[C@@H]([C@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)OCC4=CN=CS4)O
InChI
InChI=1S/C37H48N6O5S2/c1-24(2)33(42-36(46)43(5)20-29-22-49-35(40-29)25(3)4)34(45)39-28(16-26-12-8-6-9-13-26)18-32(44)31(17-27-14-10-7-11-15-27)41-37(47)48-21-30-19-38-23-50-30/h6-15,19,22-25,28,31-33,44H,16-18,20-21H2,1-5H3,(H,39,45)(H,41,47)(H,42,46)/t28-,31-,32-,33-/m0/s1
InChIKey
NCDNCNXCDXHOMX-XGKFQTDJSA-N
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
392622
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:45409
CAS Number
155213-67-5
DrugBank ID
DB00503
TTD ID
D0ZU9R
VARIDT ID
DR00332
INTEDE ID
DR1430
ACDINA ID
D00600

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug


Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Human immunodeficiency virus Protease (HIV PR) TT5FNQT POL_HV1B1 Inhibitor [6], [7]

Drug Transporter (DTP)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (ABCC2) DTFI42L MRP2_HUMAN Substrate [8]
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 (SLCO2B1) DTPFTEQ SO2B1_HUMAN Substrate [9]
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1) DTUGYRD MDR1_HUMAN Substrate [10]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) DE4LYSA CP3A4_HUMAN Substrate [11]
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) DECB0K3 CP2D6_HUMAN Substrate [12]
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) DEIBDNY CP3A5_HUMAN Substrate [13]
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) DEPKLMQ CP2B6_HUMAN Substrate [14]
Cytochrome P450 3A7 (CYP3A7) DERD86B CP3A7_HUMAN Substrate [11]
Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) Jump to Detail Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Information of This Drug

Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Same Disease as Ritonavir
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Disease REF
MK-1439 DM215WE Minor Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by MK-1439 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [90]
Delavirdine DM3NF5G Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Delavirdine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [91]
Fostemsavir DM50ILT Moderate Decreased clearance of Ritonavir due to the transporter inhibition by Fostemsavir. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [92]
Cobicistat DM6L4H2 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Cobicistat mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [93]
Dolutegravir DMCZGRE Minor Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Dolutegravir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [94]
Etravirine DMGV8QU Major Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Etravirine mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [95]
Amprenavir DMLMXE0 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Amprenavir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [96]
Atazanavir DMSYRBX Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Atazanavir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [97]
Maraviroc DMTL94F Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Maraviroc mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [98]
Raltegravir DMYURI6 Minor Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Raltegravir mediated induction of UGT. Human immunodeficiency virus disease [1C60-1C62] [99]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 DDI Information of This Drug
Coadministration of a Drug Treating the Disease Different from Ritonavir (Comorbidity)
DDI Drug Name DDI Drug ID Severity Mechanism Comorbidity REF
Remdesivir DMBFZ6L Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Ritonavir and Remdesivir. 1D6YCoronavirus Disease 2019 [1D6YCoronavirus Disease 2019] [93]
Clindamycin DM15HL8 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Clindamycin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Acne vulgaris [ED80] [100]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Tretinoin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Acne vulgaris [ED80] [101]
Repaglinide DM5SXUV Moderate Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Repaglinide mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Acute diabete complication [5A2Y] [102]
Pioglitazone DMKJ485 Moderate Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Pioglitazone mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Acute diabete complication [5A2Y] [103]
Ivosidenib DM8S6T7 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Ivosidenib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60] [104]
Midostaurin DMI6E0R Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Midostaurin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60] [105]
Idarubicin DMM0XGL Moderate Decreased clearance of Ritonavir due to the transporter inhibition by Idarubicin. Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60] [106]
Daunorubicin DMQUSBT Moderate Decreased clearance of Ritonavir due to the transporter inhibition by Daunorubicin. Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60] [106]
Arn-509 DMT81LZ Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Arn-509 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60] [93]
Gilteritinib DMWQ4MZ Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Gilteritinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Acute myeloid leukaemia [2A60] [107]
Oliceridine DM6MDCF Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Oliceridine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Acute pain [MG31] [108]
Mitotane DMU1GX0 Major Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Mitotane mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Adrenal cancer [2D11] [99]
Donepezil DMIYG7Z Minor Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Donepezil mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Alzheimer disease [8A20] [109]
Ivabradine DM0L594 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Ivabradine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Angina pectoris [BA40] [93]
Dronedarone DMA8FS5 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Dronedarone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Angina pectoris [BA40] [93]
Nifedipine DMSVOZT Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Nifedipine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Angina pectoris [BA40] [110]
Bedaquiline DM3906J Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Bedaquiline mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Antimicrobial drug resistance [MG50-MG52] [111]
Clorazepate DMC3JST Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Clorazepate mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Anxiety disorder [6B00-6B0Z] [112]
Methylphenobarbital DMDSWAG Moderate Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Methylphenobarbital mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Anxiety disorder [6B00-6B0Z] [97]
Halazepam DMPFWO6 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Halazepam mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Anxiety disorder [6B00-6B0Z] [112]
Cilostazol DMZMSCT Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Cilostazol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Arterial occlusive disease [BD40] [113]
Voriconazole DMAOL2S Major Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Voriconazole mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Aspergillosis [1F20] [93]
Zafirlukast DMHNQOG Minor Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Zafirlukast mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Asthma [CA23] [99]
Budesonide DMJIBAW Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Budesonide mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Asthma [CA23] [114]
Aminophylline DML2NIB Moderate Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Aminophylline mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Asthma [CA23] [115]
Zileuton DMVRIC2 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Zileuton mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Asthma [CA23] [110]
Desipramine DMT2FDC Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Desipramine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [6A05] [116]
Dalfopristin DM4LTKV Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Dalfopristin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [117]
Clarithromycin DM4M1SG Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Clarithromycin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [118]
Troleandomycin DMUZNIG Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Troleandomycin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Bacterial infection [1A00-1C4Z] [110]
Cariprazine DMJYDVK Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Cariprazine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Bipolar disorder [6A60] [119]
Erdafitinib DMI782S Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Erdafitinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Bladder cancer [2C94] [120]
Pexidartinib DMS2J0Z Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Pexidartinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Bone/articular cartilage neoplasm [2F7B] [121]
Loperamide DMOJZQ9 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Loperamide mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Bowel habit change [ME05] [122]
Talazoparib DM1KS78 Moderate Decreased clearance of Ritonavir due to the transporter inhibition by Talazoparib. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [113]
Ixabepilone DM2OZ3G Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Ixabepilone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [123]
Lapatinib DM3BH1Y Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Lapatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [93]
HKI-272 DM6QOVN Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by HKI-272 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [93]
LY2835219 DM93VBZ Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by LY2835219 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [124]
Esterified estrogens DM9KZDO Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Esterified estrogens mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [93]
Tucatinib DMBESUA Moderate Decreased clearance of Ritonavir due to the transporter inhibition by Tucatinib. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [125]
Palbociclib DMD7L94 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Palbociclib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [126]
Tamoxifen DMLB0EZ Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Tamoxifen mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [127]
Cabazitaxel DMPAZHC Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Cabazitaxel mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [93]
Toremifene DMQYUWG Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Toremifene mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [128]
Bosutinib DMTI8YE Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Bosutinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [93]
Trastuzumab Emtansine DMU1LXS Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Trastuzumab Emtansine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [93]
Estradiol DMUNTE3 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Estradiol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Breast cancer [2C60-2C6Y] [93]
Atorvastatin DMF28YC Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Atorvastatin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Cardiovascular disease [BA00-BE2Z] [129]
PF-04449913 DMSB068 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by PF-04449913 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia [2A40] [130]
Vilanterol DMF5EK1 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Vilanterol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [CA22] [131]
Salmeterol DMIEU69 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Salmeterol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [CA22] [93]
Revefenacin DMMP5SI Moderate Decreased clearance of Ritonavir due to the transporter inhibition by Revefenacin. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [CA22] [132]
Indacaterol DMQJHR7 Minor Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Indacaterol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [CA22] [133]
Phenylbutazone DMAYL0T Moderate Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Phenylbutazone mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Chronic pain [MG30] [134]
Fidaxomicin DMFP6MV Minor Decreased clearance of Ritonavir due to the transporter inhibition by Fidaxomicin. Clostridium difficile enterocolitis [1A04] [135]
Regorafenib DMHSY1I Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Regorafenib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Colorectal cancer [2B91] [93]
Irinotecan DMP6SC2 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Irinotecan mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Colorectal cancer [2B91] [136]
Intedanib DMSTA36 Moderate Decreased clearance of Ritonavir due to the transporter inhibition by Intedanib. Colorectal cancer [2B91] [137]
Drospirenone DM1A9W3 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Drospirenone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Contraceptive management [QA21] [93]
Ulipristal DMBNI20 Moderate Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Ulipristal mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Contraceptive management [QA21] [113]
Levobupivacaine DM783CH Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Levobupivacaine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [113]
Cocaine DMSOX7I Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Cocaine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [110]
Alfentanil DMVO0UB Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Alfentanil mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Corneal disease [9A76-9A78] [138]
Oxtriphylline DMLHSE3 Moderate Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Oxtriphylline mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Cough [MD12] [115]
Dextromethorphan DMUDJZM Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Dextromethorphan mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Cough [MD12] [93]
Mifepristone DMGZQEF Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Mifepristone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Cushing syndrome [5A70] [139]
Osilodrostat DMIJC9X Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Osilodrostat mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Cushing syndrome [5A70] [113]
Lumacaftor DMCLWDJ Major Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Lumacaftor mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Cystic fibrosis [CA25] [93]
Ivacaftor DMZC1HS Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Ivacaftor mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Cystic fibrosis [CA25] [93]
MK-8228 DMOB58Q Moderate Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by MK-8228 mediated induction of UGT. Cytomegaloviral disease [1D82] [93]
Rivaroxaban DMQMBZ1 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Rivaroxaban mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Deep vein thrombosis [BD71] [93]
Aprepitant DM053KT Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Aprepitant mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [140]
Sertraline DM0FB1J Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Sertraline mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [110]
Trimipramine DM1SC8M Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Trimipramine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [99]
Nortriptyline DM4KDYJ Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Nortriptyline mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [99]
Vilazodone DM4LECQ Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Vilazodone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [141]
Nefazodone DM4ZS8M Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Nefazodone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [110]
Paroxetine DM5PVQE Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Paroxetine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [99]
Vortioxetine DM6F1PU Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Vortioxetine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [142]
Escitalopram DMFK9HG Minor Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Escitalopram mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [143]
OPC-34712 DMHG57U Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by OPC-34712 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [144]
Clomipramine DMINRKW Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Clomipramine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [99]
Trazodone DMK1GBJ Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Trazodone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [145]
Amoxapine DMKITQE Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Amoxapine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [99]
Doxepin DMPI98T Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Doxepin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [99]
Maprotiline DMPWB7T Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Maprotiline mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Depression [6A70-6A7Z] [99]
Polatuzumab vedotin DMF6Y0L Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Polatuzumab vedotin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [2A81] [146]
[3H]estrone-3-sulphate DMGPF0N Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by [3H]estrone-3-sulphate mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Discovery agent [N.A.] [147]
Ospemifene DMC4GEI Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Ospemifene mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Dyspareunia [GA12] [148]
Ingrezza DMVPLNC Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Ingrezza mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Dystonic disorder [8A02] [149]
Fenfluramine DM0762O Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Fenfluramine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [99]
Diazepam DM08E9O Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Diazepam mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [112]
Zonisamide DM0DTF7 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Zonisamide mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [150]
Primidone DM0WX6I Major Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Primidone mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [99]
Oxcarbazepine DM5PU6O Moderate Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Oxcarbazepine mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [134]
Ethosuximide DMDZ9LT Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Ethosuximide mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [110]
Cenobamate DMGOVHA Moderate Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Cenobamate mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [134]
Tiagabine DMKSQG0 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Tiagabine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [110]
Fosphenytoin DMOX3LB Moderate Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Fosphenytoin mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [151]
Clonazepam DMTO13J Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Clonazepam mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [112]
Lacosamide DMVM6QR Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Lacosamide mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [93]
Rufinamide DMWE60C Moderate Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Rufinamide mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [134]
Phenobarbital DMXZOCG Major Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Phenobarbital mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [99]
Carbamazepine DMZOLBI Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Carbamazepine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [151]
Eslicarbazepine DMZREFQ Moderate Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Eslicarbazepine mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epilepsy/seizure [8A61-8A6Z] [134]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Moderate Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Cannabidiol mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Epileptic encephalopathy [8A62] [113]
Nicardipine DMCDYW7 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Nicardipine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Essential hypertension [BA00] [110]
Mefenamic acid DMK7HFI Minor Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Mefenamic acid mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Female pelvic pain [GA34] [99]
Bay 80-6946 DMLOS5R Major Decreased clearance of Ritonavir due to the transporter inhibition by Bay 80-6946. Follicular lymphoma [2A80] [152]
Tazemetostat DMWP1BH Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Tazemetostat mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Follicular lymphoma [2A80] [153]
Solifenacin DMG592Q Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Solifenacin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Functional bladder disorder [GC50] [93]
Mirabegron DMS1GYT Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Mirabegron mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Functional bladder disorder [GC50] [154]
Tolterodine DMSHPW8 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Tolterodine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Functional bladder disorder [GC50] [155]
Itraconazole DMCR1MV Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Itraconazole mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Fungal infection [1F29-1F2F] [156]
Miconazole DMPMYE8 Minor Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Miconazole mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Fungal infection [1F29-1F2F] [157]
Ketoconazole DMPZI3Q Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Ketoconazole mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Fungal infection [1F29-1F2F] [156]
Atovaquone DMY4UMW Moderate Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Atovaquone mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Fungal infection [1F29-1F2F] [99]
Cisapride DMY7PED Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Cisapride mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease [DA22] [158]
Ripretinib DM958QB Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Ripretinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Gastrointestinal stromal tumour [2B5B] [93]
Sunitinib DMCBJSR Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Sunitinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Gastrointestinal stromal tumour [2B5B] [93]
Avapritinib DMK2GZX Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Avapritinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Gastrointestinal stromal tumour [2B5B] [113]
Colchicine DM2POTE Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Colchicine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Gout [FA25] [159]
Ergotamine DMKR3C5 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Ergotamine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Headache [8A80-8A84] [160]
Eplerenone DMF0NQR Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Eplerenone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Heart failure [BD10-BD1Z] [93]
Carvedilol DMHTEAO Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Carvedilol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Heart failure [BD10-BD1Z] [99]
Simeprevir DMLUA9D Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Simeprevir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Hepatitis virus infection [1E50-1E51] [93]
Daclatasvir DMSFK9V Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Daclatasvir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Hepatitis virus infection [1E50-1E51] [113]
Rifampin DMA8J1G Major Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Rifampin mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis [1B10-1B14] [161]
Rifapentine DMCHV4I Major Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Rifapentine mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis [1B10-1B14] [134]
Brentuximab vedotin DMWLC57 Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Ritonavir and Brentuximab vedotin. Hodgkin lymphoma [2B30] [162]
Simvastatin DM30SGU Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Simvastatin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80] [129]
Mipomersen DMGSRN1 Major Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Ritonavir and Mipomersen. Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80] [163]
Rosuvastatin DMMIQ7G Major Decreased clearance of Ritonavir due to the transporter inhibition by Rosuvastatin. Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80] [93]
Teriflunomide DMQ2FKJ Major Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Ritonavir and Teriflunomide. Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80] [136]
BMS-201038 DMQTAGO Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by BMS-201038 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Hyper-lipoproteinaemia [5C80] [93]
Paricalcitol DMYBV3G Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Paricalcitol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Hyper-parathyroidism [5A51] [113]
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate DMCSLZ4 Moderate Decreased absorption of Ritonavir due to altered gastric pH caused by Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate. Hyperkalaemia [5C76] [113]
Aliskiren DM1BV7W Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Aliskiren mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [136]
Penbutolol DM4ES8F Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Penbutolol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [99]
Losartan DM72JXH Minor Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Losartan mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [99]
Nebivolol DM7F1PA Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Nebivolol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [99]
Levamlodipine DM92S6N Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Levamlodipine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [136]
Doxazosin DM9PLRH Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Doxazosin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [136]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Verapamil mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [110]
Pindolol DMD2NV7 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Pindolol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [99]
Labetalol DMK8U72 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Labetalol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [99]
Felodipine DMOSW35 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Felodipine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [110]
Irbesartan DMTP1DC Minor Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Irbesartan mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Hypertension [BA00-BA04] [99]
Conivaptan DM1V329 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Conivaptan mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Hypo-osmolality/hyponatraemia [5C72] [93]
Tolvaptan DMIWFRL Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Tolvaptan mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Hypo-osmolality/hyponatraemia [5C72] [93]
Fludrocortisone DMUDIR8 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Fludrocortisone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Hypo-osmolality/hyponatraemia [5C72] [164]
Retapamulin DM9JXB7 Minor Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Retapamulin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Impetigo [1B72] [165]
Givosiran DM5PFIJ Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Givosiran mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Inborn porphyrin/heme metabolism error [5C58] [166]
Febuxostat DMDEXQ0 Minor Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Febuxostat mediated induction of UGT. Inborn purine/pyrimidine/nucleotide metabolism error [5C55] [113]
Lesinurad DMUR64T Moderate Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Lesinurad mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Inborn purine/pyrimidine/nucleotide metabolism error [5C55] [134]
TP-434 DM5A31S Minor Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by TP-434 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Infectious gastroenteritis/colitis [1A40] [167]
Suvorexant DM0E6S3 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Suvorexant mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [93]
Amobarbital DM0GQ8N Moderate Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Amobarbital mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [134]
Ramelteon DM7IW9J Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Ramelteon mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [168]
Flurazepam DMAL4G0 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Flurazepam mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [112]
Triazolam DMETYK5 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Triazolam mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [129]
Zaleplon DMGFWSM Minor Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Zaleplon mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [169]
Propiomazine DMKY8V1 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Propiomazine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [99]
Tasimelteon DMLOQ1V Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Tasimelteon mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [170]
ITI-007 DMUQ1DO Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by ITI-007 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [171]
Quazepam DMY4D87 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Quazepam mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [112]
Estazolam DMZGXUM Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Estazolam mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Insomnia [7A00-7A0Z] [112]
Alosetron DML2A03 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Alosetron mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Irritable bowel syndrome [DD91] [172]
Eluxadoline DMYZ0P1 Major Decreased clearance of Ritonavir due to the transporter inhibition by Eluxadoline. Irritable bowel syndrome [DD91] [113]
Naloxegol DML0B41 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Naloxegol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Large intestine motility disorder [DB32] [93]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Ritonavir and Methotrexate. Leukaemia [2A60-2B33] [113]
Pemigatinib DM819JF Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Pemigatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Liver cancer [2C12] [113]
Glycerol phenylbutyrate DMDGRQO Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Glycerol phenylbutyrate mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Liver disease [DB90-DB9Z] [113]
Testosterone DM7HUNW Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Testosterone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Low bone mass disorder [FB83] [110]
Crizotinib DM4F29C Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Crizotinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Lung cancer [2C25] [93]
Brigatinib DM7W94S Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Brigatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Lung cancer [2C25] [173]
Ceritinib DMB920Z Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Ceritinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Lung cancer [2C25] [93]
Erlotinib DMCMBHA Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Erlotinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Lung cancer [2C25] [174]
Lurbinectedin DMEFRTZ Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Lurbinectedin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Lung cancer [2C25] [175]
PF-06463922 DMKM7EW Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by PF-06463922 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Lung cancer [2C25] [176]
Dacomitinib DMOH8VY Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Dacomitinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Lung cancer [2C25] [177]
Osimertinib DMRJLAT Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Osimertinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Lung cancer [2C25] [178]
Pralsetinib DMWU0I2 Major Decreased clearance of Ritonavir due to the transporter inhibition by Pralsetinib. Lung cancer [2C25] [179]
Capmatinib DMYCXKL Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Capmatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Lung cancer [2C25] [180]
Selpercatinib DMZR15V Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Selpercatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Lung cancer [2C25] [113]
Artemether DM48QOT Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Artemether mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Malaria [1F40-1F45] [93]
Proguanil DMBL79I Moderate Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Proguanil mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Malaria [1F40-1F45] [99]
Halofantrine DMOMK1V Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Halofantrine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Malaria [1F40-1F45] [181]
Chloroquine DMSI5CB Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Chloroquine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Malaria [1F40-1F45] [93]
Calaspargase pegol DMQZBXI Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Ritonavir and Calaspargase pegol. Malignant haematopoietic neoplasm [2B33] [182]
Idelalisib DM602WT Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Ritonavir and Idelalisib. Mature B-cell leukaemia [2A82] [183]
GDC-0199 DMH0QKA Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by GDC-0199 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Mature B-cell leukaemia [2A82] [184]
IPI-145 DMWA24P Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by IPI-145 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Mature B-cell leukaemia [2A82] [185]
Acalabrutinib DM7GCVW Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Acalabrutinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Mature B-cell lymphoma [2A85] [186]
Clofarabine DMCVJ86 Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Ritonavir and Clofarabine. Mature B-cell lymphoma [2A85] [187]
Ibrutinib DMHZCPO Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Ibrutinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Mature B-cell lymphoma [2A85] [93]
Vincristine DMINOX3 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Vincristine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Mature B-cell lymphoma [2A85] [188]
Ponatinib DMYGJQO Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Ponatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Mature B-cell lymphoma [2A85] [93]
Arry-162 DM1P6FR Moderate Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Arry-162 mediated induction of UGT. Melanoma [2C30] [93]
Vemurafenib DM62UG5 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Vemurafenib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Melanoma [2C30] [189]
Selumetinib DMC7W6R Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Selumetinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Melanoma [2C30] [190]
LGX818 DMNQXV8 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by LGX818 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Melanoma [2C30] [191]
Dabrafenib DMX6OE3 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Dabrafenib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Melanoma [2C30] [93]
Ubrogepant DM749I3 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Ubrogepant mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Migraine [8A80] [192]
Almogran DM7I64Z Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Almogran mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Migraine [8A80] [193]
Rimegepant DMHOAUG Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Rimegepant mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Migraine [8A80] [194]
Lasmiditan DMXLVDT Moderate Decreased clearance of Ritonavir due to the transporter inhibition by Lasmiditan. Migraine [8A80] [195]
Exjade DMHPRWG Moderate Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Exjade mediated induction of UGT. Mineral absorption/transport disorder [5C64] [93]
Midazolam DMXOELT Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Midazolam mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Mood/affect symptom [MB24] [129]
Panobinostat DM58WKG Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Panobinostat mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Multiple myeloma [2A83] [196]
Siponimod DM2R86O Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Siponimod mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Multiple sclerosis [8A40] [93]
Deflazacort DMV0RNS Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Deflazacort mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Muscular dystrophy [8C70] [113]
Rifabutin DM1YBHK Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Rifabutin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Mycobacterium infection [1B10-1B21] [197]
Romidepsin DMT5GNL Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Romidepsin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Mycosis fungoides [2B01] [198]
Fedratinib DM4ZBK6 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Fedratinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20] [113]
Nilotinib DM7HXWT Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Nilotinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20] [93]
Ruxolitinib DM7Q98D Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Ruxolitinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20] [199]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Imatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20] [200]
Dasatinib DMJV2EK Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Dasatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Myeloproliferative neoplasm [2A20] [93]
Vorapaxar DMA16BR Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Vorapaxar mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Myocardial infarction [BA41-BA43] [93]
Modafinil DMYILBE Minor Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Modafinil mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Narcolepsy [7A20] [93]
Promethazine DM6I5GR Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Promethazine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Nausea/vomiting [MD90] [99]
Rolapitant DM8XP26 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Rolapitant mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Nausea/vomiting [MD90] [201]
Netupitant DMEKAYI Minor Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Netupitant mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Nausea/vomiting [MD90] [202]
Metoclopramide DMFA5MY Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Metoclopramide mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Nausea/vomiting [MD90] [99]
Granisetron DMIUW25 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Granisetron mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Nausea/vomiting [MD90] [110]
E-2007 DMJDYNQ Minor Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by E-2007 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Neuropathy [8C0Z] [113]
Bupropion DM5PCS7 Moderate Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Bupropion mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Nicotine use disorder [6C4A] [136]
Sibutramine DMFJTDI Minor Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Sibutramine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Obesity [5B80-5B81] [203]
Lorcaserin DMG6OYJ Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Lorcaserin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Obesity [5B80-5B81] [204]
Dexfenfluramine DMJ7YDS Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Dexfenfluramine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Obesity [5B80-5B81] [99]
Orlistat DMRJSP8 Moderate Altered absorption of Ritonavir caused by Orlistat. Obesity [5B80-5B81] [205]
Levomethadyl Acetate DM06HG5 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Levomethadyl Acetate mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Opioid use disorder [6C43] [206]
S-297995 DM26IH8 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by S-297995 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Opioid use disorder [6C43] [113]
Valdecoxib DMAY7H4 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Valdecoxib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Osteoarthritis [FA00-FA05] [207]
Diclofenac DMPIHLS Minor Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Diclofenac mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Osteoarthritis [FA00-FA05] [99]
Olaparib DM8QB1D Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Olaparib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Ovarian cancer [2C73] [93]
Rucaparib DM9PVX8 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Rucaparib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Ovarian cancer [2C73] [208]
MK-4827 DMLYGH4 Moderate Decreased clearance of Ritonavir due to the transporter inhibition by MK-4827. Ovarian cancer [2C73] [209]
Dextropropoxyphene DM23HCX Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Dextropropoxyphene mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [93]
Butorphanol DM5KYPJ Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Butorphanol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [210]
Ibuprofen DM8VCBE Minor Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Ibuprofen mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [99]
Methamphetamine DMPM4SK Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Methamphetamine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [99]
Buprenorphine DMPRI8G Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Buprenorphine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [211]
Hydrocodone DMQ2JO5 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Hydrocodone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [212]
Piroxicam DMTK234 Minor Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Piroxicam mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Pain [MG30-MG3Z] [99]
Istradefylline DM20VSK Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Istradefylline mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Parkinsonism [8A00] [213]
Pimavanserin DMR7IVC Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Pimavanserin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Parkinsonism [8A00] [214]
Abametapir DM2RX0I Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Abametapir mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Pediculosis [1G00] [215]
Lefamulin DME6G97 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Lefamulin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Pneumonia [CA40] [216]
Prednisone DM2HG4X Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Prednisone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Postoperative inflammation [1A00-CA43] [164]
Hydrocortisone DMGEMB7 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Hydrocortisone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Postoperative inflammation [1A00-CA43] [164]
Ergonovine DM0VEC1 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Ergonovine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Postpartum haemorrhage [JA43] [160]
Lonafarnib DMGM2Z6 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Lonafarnib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Premature ageing appearance [LD2B] [217]
ABIRATERONE DM8V75C Minor Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by ABIRATERONE mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Prostate cancer [2C82] [218]
Enzalutamide DMGL19D Major Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Enzalutamide mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Prostate cancer [2C82] [99]
Relugolix DMK7IWL Major Decreased clearance of Ritonavir due to the transporter inhibition by Relugolix. Prostate cancer [2C82] [219]
Darolutamide DMV7YFT Moderate Decreased clearance of Ritonavir due to the transporter inhibition by Darolutamide. Prostate cancer [2C82] [220]
Tamsulosin DM5QF9V Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Tamsulosin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Prostate hyperplasia [GA90] [93]
Silodosin DMJSBT6 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Silodosin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Prostate hyperplasia [GA90] [93]
Dutasteride DMQ4TJK Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Dutasteride mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Prostate hyperplasia [GA90] [221]
Levomepromazine DMIKFEL Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Levomepromazine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Psychotic disorder [6A20-6A25] [99]
Fluphenazine DMIT8LX Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Fluphenazine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Psychotic disorder [6A20-6A25] [99]
Triflupromazine DMKFQJP Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Triflupromazine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Psychotic disorder [6A20-6A25] [99]
Ambrisentan DMD1QXW Moderate Decreased clearance of Ritonavir due to the transporter inhibition by Ambrisentan. Pulmonary hypertension [BB01] [222]
Riociguat DMXBLMP Major Decreased clearance of Ritonavir due to the transporter inhibition by Riociguat. Pulmonary hypertension [BB01] [93]
Everolimus DM8X2EH Major Decreased clearance of Ritonavir due to the transporter inhibition by Everolimus. Renal cell carcinoma [2C90] [93]
Axitinib DMGVH6N Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Axitinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Renal cell carcinoma [2C90] [93]
Temsirolimus DMS104F Major Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Temsirolimus mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Renal cell carcinoma [2C90] [93]
Ciclesonide DM2NA4K Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Ciclesonide mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Respiratory system disease [CB40-CB7Z] [164]
Meloxicam DM2AR7L Minor Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Meloxicam mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [99]
Upadacitinib DM32B5U Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Upadacitinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [223]
Tofacitinib DMBS370 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Tofacitinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [93]
Flurbiprofen DMGN4BY Minor Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Flurbiprofen mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [99]
Dexamethasone DMMWZET Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Dexamethasone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [93]
Nafcillin DMN9RPO Moderate Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Nafcillin mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [134]
Leflunomide DMR8ONJ Major Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Ritonavir and Leflunomide. Rheumatoid arthritis [FA20] [136]
Oxamniquine DM2QDX1 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Oxamniquine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Schistosomiasis [1F86] [99]
Quetiapine DM1N62C Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Quetiapine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Schizophrenia [6A20] [224]
Mesoridazine DM2ZGAN Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Mesoridazine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Schizophrenia [6A20] [99]
Thioridazine DM35M8J Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Thioridazine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Schizophrenia [6A20] [225]
Aripiprazole DM3NUMH Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Aripiprazole mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Schizophrenia [6A20] [226]
Iloperidone DM6AUFY Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Iloperidone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Schizophrenia [6A20] [227]
Trifluoperazine DMKBYWI Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Trifluoperazine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Schizophrenia [6A20] [99]
Risperidone DMN6DXL Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Risperidone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Schizophrenia [6A20] [99]
Pimozide DMW83TP Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Pimozide mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Schizophrenia [6A20] [93]
Fentanyl DM8WAHT Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Fentanyl mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Sensation disturbance [MB40] [93]
Sufentanil DMU7YEL Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Sufentanil mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Sensation disturbance [MB40] [228]
Tadalafil DMJZHT1 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Tadalafil mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Sexual dysfunction [HA00-HA01] [229]
Vardenafil DMTBGW8 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Vardenafil mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Sexual dysfunction [HA00-HA01] [230]
Voxelotor DMCS6M5 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Voxelotor mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Sickle-cell disorder [3A51] [231]
LDE225 DMM9F25 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by LDE225 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Skin cancer [2C30-2C37] [232]
Telotristat ethyl DMDIYFZ Moderate Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Telotristat ethyl mediated induction of CYP450 enzyme. Small intestine developmental anomaly [DA90] [113]
Larotrectinib DM26CQR Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Larotrectinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [93]
Methylprednisolone DM4BDON Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Methylprednisolone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [164]
Vinblastine DM5TVS3 Major Decreased clearance of Ritonavir due to the transporter inhibition by Vinblastine. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [188]
Ifosfamide DMCT3I8 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Ifosfamide mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [110]
Docetaxel DMDI269 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Docetaxel mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [233]
Trabectedin DMG3Y89 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Trabectedin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [93]
Armodafinil DMGB035 Minor Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Armodafinil mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [93]
LEE011 DMMX75K Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by LEE011 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [113]
Etoposide DMNH3PG Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Etoposide mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [110]
Prednisolone DMQ8FR2 Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Prednisolone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [164]
Taxol DMUOT9V Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Taxol mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [234]
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Doxorubicin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Solid tumour/cancer [2A00-2F9Z] [110]
Ivermectin DMDBX5F Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Ivermectin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Strongyloidiasis [1F6B] [113]
Naltrexone DMUL45H Moderate Increased risk of hepatotoxicity by the combination of Ritonavir and Naltrexone. Substance abuse [6C40] [235]
Pomalidomide DMTGBAX Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Pomalidomide mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Systemic sclerosis [4A42] [93]
Fostamatinib DM6AUHV Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Fostamatinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Thrombocytopenia [3B64] [236]
Lusutrombopag DMH6IKO Moderate Decreased clearance of Ritonavir due to the transporter inhibition by Lusutrombopag. Thrombocytopenia [3B64] [208]
As-1670542 DMV05SW Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by As-1670542 mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Thrombocytopenia [3B64] [113]
Apixaban DM89JLN Major Decreased clearance of Ritonavir due to the transporter inhibition by Apixaban. Thrombosis [DB61-GB90] [93]
Brilinta DMBR01X Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Brilinta mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Thrombosis [DB61-GB90] [93]
Clopidogrel DMOL54H Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Clopidogrel mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Thrombosis [DB61-GB90] [93]
Cabozantinib DMIYDT4 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Cabozantinib mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Thyroid cancer [2D10] [93]
Sirolimus DMGW1ID Major Decreased clearance of Ritonavir due to the transporter inhibition by Sirolimus. Transplant rejection [NE84] [93]
Tacrolimus DMZ7XNQ Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Tacrolimus mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Transplant rejection [NE84] [237]
Canagliflozin DMFRM1I Moderate Increased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Canagliflozin mediated induction of UGT. Type 2 diabetes mellitus [5A11] [93]
Saxagliptin DMGXENV Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Saxagliptin mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Type 2 diabetes mellitus [5A11] [113]
Elagolix DMB2C0E Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Elagolix mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Uterine fibroid [2E86] [238]
Astemizole DM2HN6Q Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Astemizole mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08] [239]
Triamcinolone DM98IXF Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Triamcinolone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08] [164]
Methdilazine DMAUHQX Moderate Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Methdilazine mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08] [99]
Fluticasone DMGCSVF Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Fluticasone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Vasomotor/allergic rhinitis [CA08] [240]
Propafenone DMPIBJK Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Propafenone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Ventricular tachyarrhythmia [BC71] [93]
Flecainide DMSQDLE Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Flecainide mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Ventricular tachyarrhythmia [BC71] [93]
Amiodarone DMUTEX3 Major Decreased metabolism of Ritonavir caused by Amiodarone mediated inhibition of CYP450 enzyme. Ventricular tachyarrhythmia [BC71] [93]
⏷ Show the Full List of 329 DDI Information of This Drug

Drug Inactive Ingredient(s) (DIG) and Formulation(s) of This Drug

DIG
DIG Name DIG ID PubChem CID Functional Classification
Butylated hydroxytoluene E00336 31404 Antioxidant
Oleic acid E00421 445639 Emulsifying agent; Penetration agent; Solubilizing agent
Sodium stearyl fumarate E00545 23665634 lubricant
Calcium hydrogenphosphate E00294 24441 Diluent
Eisenoxyd E00585 56841934 Colorant
Polyethylene glycol 3350 E00652 Not Available Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polyethylene glycol 400 E00653 Not Available Coating agent; Diluent; Ointment base; Plasticizing agent; Solvent; Suppository base; lubricant
Polyoxyl 35 castor oil E00660 Not Available Emulsifying agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant
Polysorbate 80 E00665 Not Available Dispersing agent; Emollient; Emulsifying agent; Plasticizing agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; Suspending agent
Silicon dioxide E00670 Not Available Anticaking agent; Opacifying agent; Viscosity-controlling agent
Sorbitan monolaurate E00508 11046239 Dispersing agent; Emulsifying agent; Solubilizing agent; Surfactant; Suspending agent; Vaccine adjuvant
Talc E00520 16211421 Anticaking agent; Diluent; Glidant; lubricant
Titanium dioxide E00322 26042 Coating agent; Colorant; Opacifying agent
⏷ Show the Full List of 13 Pharmaceutical Excipients of This Drug
Pharmaceutical Formulation
Formulation Name Drug Dosage Dosage Form Route
Ritonavir 100 mg tablet 100 mg Oral Tablet Oral
Ritonavir 100 mg capsule 100 mg Oral Capsule Oral
Jump to Detail Pharmaceutical Formulation Page of This Drug

References

1 Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years. J Nat Prod. 2007 Mar;70(3):461-77.
2 FDA Approved Drug Products: Tiotropium and Olodaterol Metered Inhalation Spray
3 BDDCS applied to over 900 drugs
4 FDA Approved Drug Products: NORVIR (ritonavir) Capsules, Soft Gelatin for Oral use
5 Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose
6 Anti-HIV drugs: 25 compounds approved within 25 years after the discovery of HIV. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2009 Apr;33(4):307-20.
7 Peptide mimetic HIV protease inhibitors are ligands for the orphan receptor SXR. J Biol Chem. 2001 Sep 7;276(36):33309-12.
8 Interaction of eight HIV protease inhibitors with the canalicular efflux transporter ABCC2 (MRP2) in sandwich-cultured rat and human hepatocytes. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2010 Mar;31(2-3):178-88.
9 pH dependence of organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2B1 in Caco-2 cells: potential role in antiretroviral drug oral bioavailability and drug-drug interactions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2010 Sep 1;334(3):1009-22.
10 MDR1 G1199A polymorphism alters permeability of HIV protease inhibitors across P-glycoprotein-expressing epithelial cells. AIDS. 2005 Oct 14;19(15):1617-25.
11 Effect of extended exposure to grapefruit juice on cytochrome P450 3A activity in humans: comparison with ritonavir. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Mar;79(3):243-54.
12 Reversible coma caused by risperidone-ritonavir interaction. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2002 Sep-Oct;25(5):251-3.
13 Drug Interactions Flockhart Table
14 Evaluation of CYP2B6 induction and prediction of clinical drug-drug interactions: considerations from the IQ consortium induction working group-an industry perspective. Drug Metab Dispos. 2016 Oct;44(10):1720-30.
15 Expression levels and activation of a PXR variant are directly related to drug resistance in osteosarcoma cell lines. Cancer. 2007 Mar 1;109(5):957-65.
16 Contribution of human hepatic cytochrome P450 isoforms to regioselective hydroxylation of steroid hormones. Xenobiotica. 1998 Jun;28(6):539-47.
17 Comprehensive evaluation of tamoxifen sequential biotransformation by the human cytochrome P450 system in vitro: prominent roles for CYP3A and CYP2D6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Sep;310(3):1062-75.
18 Isoform-specific regulation of cytochromes P450 expression by estradiol and progesterone. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Feb;41(2):263-9.
19 Metabolic interactions between acetaminophen (paracetamol) and two flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, through in-vitro inhibition studies. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2017 Dec;69(12):1762-1772.
20 Potent mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 by imatinib explains its liability to interact with CYP3A4 substrates. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Apr;165(8):2787-98.
21 Effects of morin on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2007 Apr;28(3):151-6.
22 The metabolism of zidovudine by human liver microsomes in vitro: formation of 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Jul 19;48(2):267-76.
23 Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675.
24 Inhibitory effects of anticancer drugs on dextromethorphan-O-demethylase activity in human liver microsomes. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1993;32(6):491-5.
25 Effect of genetic polymorphism on the metabolism of endogenous neuroactive substances, progesterone and p-tyramine, catalyzed by CYP2D6. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2004 Oct 22;129(1-2):117-23.
26 CYP2D6 polymorphisms and tamoxifen metabolism: clinical relevance. Curr Oncol Rep. 2010 Jan;12(1):7-15.
27 Inhibition of cytochrome P450 2D6: structure-activity studies using a series of quinidine and quinine analogues. Chem Res Toxicol. 2003 Apr;16(4):450-9.
28 Effects of propofol on human hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 activities. Xenobiotica. 1998 Sep;28(9):845-53.
29 Pharmacogenetics of schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet. 2000 Spring;97(1):98-106.
30 Roles of CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 in nicotine C-oxidation by human liver microsomes. Arch Toxicol. 1999 Mar;73(2):65-70.
31 Structure-activity relationship for human cytochrome P450 substrates and inhibitors. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):69-82.
32 Drug related genetic polymorphisms affecting adverse reactions to methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin in patients with urothelial cancer. J Urol. 2008 Dec;180(6):2389-95.
33 Human prostate CYP3A5: identification of a unique 5'-untranslated sequence and characterization of purified recombinant protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Jul 14;260(3):676-81.
34 Polymorphisms in cytochrome P4503A5 (CYP3A5) may be associated with race and tumor characteristics, but not metabolism and side effects of tamoxifen in breast cancer patients. Cancer Lett. 2005 Jan 10;217(1):61-72.
35 Induction of hepatic CYP2E1 by a subtoxic dose of acetaminophen in rats: increase in dichloromethane metabolism and carboxyhemoglobin elevation. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Oct;35(10):1754-8.
36 Urinary 6 beta-hydroxycortisol excretion in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol. 1997 Jan;36(1):54-8.
37 Clinical pharmacokinetics of imatinib. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2005;44(9):879-94.
38 Kinetics and regulation of cytochrome P450-mediated etoposide metabolism. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Sep;32(9):993-1000.
39 Differential mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 by verapamil. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 May;33(5):664-71.
40 The role of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) isoform(s) in oxidative metabolism of testosterone and benzphetamine in human adult and fetal liver. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1993 Jan;44(1):61-7.
41 Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448.
42 Prediction of cytochrome P450 3A inhibition by verapamil enantiomers and their metabolites. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Feb;32(2):259-66.
43 The role of human cytochrome P450 enzymes in the formation of 2-hydroxymetronidazole: CYP2A6 is the high affinity (low Km) catalyst. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Sep;41(9):1686-94.
44 Effect of tamoxifen on the enzymatic activity of human cytochrome CYP2B6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Jun;301(3):945-52.
45 Hepatic metabolism of diclofenac: role of human CYP in the minor oxidative pathways. Biochem Pharmacol. 1999 Sep 1;58(5):787-96.
46 Characterization of the oxidative metabolites of 17beta-estradiol and estrone formed by 15 selectively expressed human cytochrome p450 isoforms. Endocrinology. 2003 Aug;144(8):3382-98.
47 Insights into CYP2B6-mediated drug-drug interactions. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2016 Sep;6(5):413-425.
48 Drugs that may have potential CYP2B6 interactions.
49 Involvement of human cytochrome P450 2B6 in the omega- and 4-hydroxylation of the anesthetic agent propofol. Xenobiotica. 2007 Jul;37(7):717-24.
50 Nicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-butanone metabolism by cytochrome P450 2B6. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Dec;33(12):1760-4.
51 PharmGKB summary: phenytoin pathway. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2012 Jun;22(6):466-70.
52 Application of the relative activity factor approach in scaling from heterologously expressed cytochromes p450 to human liver microsomes: studies on amitriptyline as a model substrate. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Apr;297(1):326-37.
53 Involvement of the drug transporters p glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein Mrp2 in telithromycin transport. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Jan;50(1):80-7.
54 Dose-dependent disposition of methotrexate in Abcc2 and Abcc3 gene knockout murine models. Drug Metab Dispos. 2011 Nov;39(11):2155-61.
55 Mammalian multidrug-resistance proteins (MRPs). Essays Biochem. 2011 Sep 7;50(1):179-207.
56 Enhancing chemosensitivity in oral squamous cell carcinoma by lentivirus vector-mediated RNA interference targeting EGFR and MRP2. Oncol Lett. 2016 Sep;12(3):2107-2114.
57 Multidrug resistance associated protein 2 mediates transport of prostaglandin E2. Liver Int. 2006 Apr;26(3):362-8.
58 Lentivirus-mediated RNAi silencing targeting ABCC2 increasing the sensitivity of a human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line against cisplatin. J Transl Med. 2008 Oct 4;6:55.
59 Effect of acetaminophen on expression and activity of rat liver multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 and P-glycoprotein. Biochem Pharmacol. 2004 Aug 15;68(4):791-8.
60 Small intestinal efflux mediated by MRP2 and BCRP shifts sulfasalazine intestinal permeability from high to low, enabling its colonic targeting. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009 Aug;297(2):G371-7.
61 Delineating the contribution of secretory transporters in the efflux of etoposide using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells overexpressing P-glycoprotein (Pgp), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1), and canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT). Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Apr;30(4):457-63.
62 Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2 (MRP2) Mediated Transport of Oxaliplatin-Derived Platinum in Membrane Vesicles. PLoS One. 2015 Jul 1;10(7):e0130727.
63 Human intestinal transporter database: QSAR modeling and virtual profiling of drug uptake, efflux and interactions. Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;30(4):996-1007.
64 MDR1 (ABCB1) G1199A (Ser400Asn) polymorphism alters transepithelial permeability and sensitivity to anticancer agents. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009 Jun;64(1):183-8.
65 Mammalian drug efflux transporters of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) family in multidrug resistance: A review of the past decade. Cancer Lett. 2016 Jan 1;370(1):153-64.
66 Folate transporter expression decreases in the human placenta throughout pregnancy and in pre-eclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2012 Apr;2(2):123-31.
67 Comparative studies on in vitro methods for evaluating in vivo function of MDR1 P-glycoprotein. Pharm Res. 2001 Dec;18(12):1660-8.
68 Antiestrogens and steroid hormones: substrates of the human P-glycoprotein. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Jul 19;48(2):287-92.
69 Association of genetic polymorphisms in the influx transporter SLCO1B3 and the efflux transporter ABCB1 with imatinib pharmacokinetics in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Ther Drug Monit. 2011 Apr;33(2):244-50.
70 Molecular identification and characterization of novel members of the human organic anion transporter (OATP) family. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Jun 24;273(1):251-60.
71 The Transporter Classification Database (TCDB): recent advances. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016 Jan 4;44(D1):D372-9. (ID: 2.A.60.1.20)
72 Small-Dosing Clinical Study: Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacogenomic (SLCO2B1 and ABCG2), and Interaction (Atorvastatin and Grapefruit Juice) Profiles of 5 Probes for OATP2B1 and BCRP. J Pharm Sci. 2017 Sep;106(9):2688-2694.
73 Identification of drugs and drug metabolites as substrates of multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) using triple-transfected MDCK-OATP1B1-UGT1A1-MRP2 cells. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Mar;165(6):1836-1847.
74 Functional characterization of pH-sensitive organic anion transporting polypeptide OATP-B in human. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Feb;308(2):438-45.
75 Human platelets express organic anion-transporting peptide 2B1, an uptake transporter for atorvastatin. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 May;37(5):1129-37.
76 pH-sensitive interaction of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) with organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1. Mol Pharm. 2011 Aug 1;8(4):1303-13.
77 Drug-drug interaction between pitavastatin and various drugs via OATP1B1. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Jul;34(7):1229-36.
78 Drug Interactions in Infectious Diseases.
79 Involvement of multiple transporters in the hepatobiliary transport of rosuvastatin. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Oct;36(10):2014-23.
80 PL-100, a novel HIV-1 protease inhibitor displaying a high genetic barrier to resistance: an in vitro selection study. J Med Virol. 2008 Dec;80(12):2053-63.
81 Quantification of HIV protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in peripheral blood mononuclear cell lysate using liq... J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2009 Feb 15;877(5-6):575-80.
82 Hollow-fiber unit evaluation of a new human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor, BMS-232632, for determination of the linked pharmacod... J Infect Dis. 2001 Apr 1;183(7):1126-9.
83 Darunavir: a review of its use in the management of HIV infection in adults. Drugs. 2009;69(4):477-503.
84 2006 drug approvals: finding the niche. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2007 Feb;6(2):99-101.
85 Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
86 Fosamprenavir/ritonavir in advanced HIV disease (TRIAD): a randomized study of high-dose, dual-boosted or standard dose fosamprenavir/ritonavir in ... J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009 Aug;64(2):398-410.
87 2011 Pipeline of Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma.
88 2011 Pipeline of Bristol-Myers Squibb.
89 2011 Pipeline of InterMune.
90 Product Information. Pifeltro (doravirine). Merck & Company Inc, Whitehouse Station, NJ.
91 Product Information. Rescriptor (delavirdine). Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
92 Product Information. Rukobia (fostemsavir). ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park, NC.
93 Cerner Multum, Inc. "Australian Product Information.".
94 Product Information. Tivicay (dolutegravir). ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park, NC.
95 Product Information. Intelence (etravirine). Ortho Biotech Inc, Bridgewater, NJ.
96 Product Information. Agenerase (amprenavir). Glaxo Wellcome, Research Triangle Pk, NC.
97 Product Information. Reyataz (atazanavir). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
98 Product Information. Selzentry (maraviroc). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
99 Product Information. Norvir (ritonavir). Abbott Pharmaceutical, Abbott Park, IL.
100 Product Information. Cleocin (clindamycin). Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
101 Adamson PC "Pharmacokinetics of all-trans-retinoic acid: clinical implications in acute promyelocytic leukemia." Semin Hematol 31 (1994): 14-7. [PMID: 7831580]
102 Dube MP, Johnson DL, Currier JS, Leedom JM "Protease inhibitor-associated hyperglycaemia." Lancet 350 (1997): 713-4. [PMID: 9291911]
103 Product Information. Actos (pioglitazone) Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Lincolnshire, IL.
104 Product Information. Tibsovo (ivosidenib). Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA.
105 Dutreix C, Munarini F, Lorenzo S, Roesel J, Wang Y "Investigation into CYP3A4-mediated drug-drug interactions on midostaurin in healthy volunteers." Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 72 (2013): 1223-34. [PMID: 24085261]
106 Multum Information Services, Inc. Expert Review Panel.
107 Product Information. Xospata (gilteritinib). Astellas Pharma US, Inc, Deerfield, IL.
108 Product Information. Olinvyk (oliceridine). Trevena Inc, Chesterbrook, PA.
109 Product Information. Aricept (donepezil). Pfizer US Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
110 Olkkola KT, Palkama VJ, Neuvonen PJ "Ritonavir's role in reducing fentanyl clearance and prolonging its half-life." Anesthesiology 91 (1999): 681-5. [PMID: 10485779]
111 Product Information. Sirturo (bedaquiline). Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ.
112 Greenblatt DJ, vonMoltke LL, Harmatz JS, Durol ALB, Daily JP, Graf JA, Mertzanis P, Hoffman JL, Shader RI "Alprazolam-ritonavir interaction: Implications for product labeling." Clin Pharmacol Ther 67 (2000): 335-41. [PMID: 10801241]
113 Cerner Multum, Inc. "UK Summary of Product Characteristics.".
114 Bolland MJ, Bagg W, Thomas MG, Lucas JA, Ticehurst R, Black PN "Cushing's syndrome due to interaction between inhaled corticosteroids and itraconazole." Ann Pharmacother 38 (2004): 46-9. [PMID: 14742792]
115 Hsu A, Granneman GR, Bertz RJ. Ritonavir. Clinical pharmacokinetics and interactions with other anti-HIV agents [published correction appears in Clin Pharmacokinet 1998 Dec;35(6):473]. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1998;35(4):275-291. [PMID: 9812178]
116 Bertz RJ, Cao G, Cavanaugh JH, Hsu A, Granneman GR, Leonard JM "Effect of ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of desipramine." Int Conf AIDS 11 (1996): 89(ab.no.mo.b.1201). [PMID: 9812178]
117 Product Information. Synercid (dalfopristin-quinupristin) Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA.
118 Ouellet D, Hsu A, Granneman GR, Carlson G, Cavanaugh J, Guenther H, Leonard JM "Pharmacokinetic interaction between ritonavir and clarithromycin." Clin Pharmacol Ther 64 (1998): 355-62. [PMID: 9797791]
119 Product Information. Vraylar (cariprazine). Actavis Pharma, Inc., Parsippany, NJ.
120 Product Information. Balversa (erdafitinib). Janssen Products, LP, Horsham, PA.
121 Product Information. Turalio (pexidartinib). Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Parsippany, NJ.
122 Eggleston W, Clark KH, Marraffa JM "Loperamide abuse associated with cardiac dysrhythmia and death." Ann Emerg Med 69 (2017): 83-6. [PMID: 27140747]
123 Product Information. Ixempra (ixabepilone). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
124 Product Information. Verzenio (abemaciclib). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
125 Product Information. Tukysa (tucatinib). Seattle Genetics Inc, Bothell, WA.
126 Product Information. Ibrance (palbociclib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
127 Amchin J, Ereshefsky L, Zarycranski W, Taylor K, Albano D, Klockowski PM "Effect of venlafaxine versus fluoxetine on metabolism of dextromethorphan, a CYP2D6 probe." J Clin Pharmacol 41 (2001): 443-51. [PMID: 11304901]
128 Product Information. Fareston (toremifene). Schering Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ.
129 Barry M, Mulcahy F, Merry C, Gibbons S, Back D "Pharmacokinetics and potential interactions amongst antiretroviral agents used to treat patients with HIV infection." Clin Pharmacokinet 36 (1999): 289-304. [PMID: 10320951]
130 Product Information. Daurismo (glasdegib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
131 Product Information. Breo Ellipta (fluticasone-vilanterol). GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC.
132 Product Information. Nexletol (bempedoic acid). Esperion Therapeutics, Ann Arbor, MI.
133 Product Information. Arcapta Neohaler (indacaterol). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
134 Acosta EP, Henry K, Baken L, Page LM, Fletcher CV "Indinavir concentrations and antiviral effect." Pharmacotherapy 19 (1999): 708-12. [PMID: 10391416]
135 Product Information. Dificid (fidaxomicin). Optimer Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA.
136 Canadian Pharmacists Association.
137 Product Information. Ofev (nintedanib). Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT.
138 Bartkowski RR, Goldberg ME, Larijani GE, Boerner T "Inhibition of alfentanil metabolism by erythromycin." Clin Pharmacol Ther 46 (1989): 99-102. [PMID: 2501060]
139 Product Information. Korlym (mifepristone). Corcept Therapeutics Incorporated, Menlo Park, CA.
140 Product Information. Emend (aprepitant). Merck & Company Inc, West Point, PA.
141 Product Information. Viibryd (vilazodone). Trovis Pharmaceuticals LLC, New Haven, CT.
142 Product Information. Brintellix (vortioxetine). Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Lincolnshire, IL.
143 Product Information. Celexa (citalopram). Forest Pharmaceuticals, St. Louis, MO.
144 Product Information. Rexulti (brexpiprazole). Otsuka American Pharmaceuticals Inc, Rockville, MD.
145 Dattilo PB, Nordin C "Prolonged QT associated with an overdose of trazodone." J Clin Psychiatry 68 (2007): 1309-10. [PMID: 17854263]
146 Product Information. Polivy (polatuzumab vedotin). Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
147 Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare "FSRH Clinical Guidance: Drug Interactions with Hormonal Contraception.".
148 Product Information. Osphena (ospemifene). Shionogi USA Inc, Florham Park, NJ.
149 Product Information. Ingrezza (valbenazine). Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, CA.
150 Nakasa H, Nakamura H, Ono S, Tsutsui M, Kiuchi M, Ohmori S, Kitada M "Prediction of drug-drug interactions of zonisamide metabolism in humans from in vitro data." Eur J Clin Pharmacol 54 (1998): 177-83. [PMID: 9626925]
151 Barry M, Gibbons S, Back D, Mulcahy F "Protease inhibitors in patients with HIV disease. Clinically important pharmacokinetic considerations." Clin Pharmacokinet 32 (1997): 194-209. [PMID: 9084959]
152 Product Information. Aliqopa (copanlisib). Bayer Pharmaceutical Inc, West Haven, CT.
153 Product Information. Tazverik (tazemetostat). Epizyme, Inc, Cambridge, MA.
154 Product Information. Myrbetriq (mirabegron). Astellas Pharma US, Inc, Deerfield, IL.
155 Brynne N, Forslund C, Hallen B, Gustafsson LL, Bertilsson L "Ketoconazole inhibits the metabolism of tolterodine in subjects with deficient CYP2D6 activity." Br J Clin Pharmacol 48 (1999): 564-72. [PMID: 10583027]
156 Khaliq Y, Gallicano K, Venance S, Kravcik S, Cameron DW "Effect of ketoconazole on ritonavir and saquinavir concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus." Clin Pharmacol Ther 68 (2000): 637-46. [PMID: 11180024]
157 Cato A 3rd, Cao G, Hsu A, Cavanaugh J, Leonard J, Granneman R "Evaluation of the effect of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of ritonavir." Drug Metab Dispos 25 (1997): 1104-6. [PMID: 9311629]
158 Bran S, Murray WA, Hirsch IB, Palmer JP "Long QT syndrome during high-dose cisapride." Arch Intern Med 155 (1995): 765-8. [PMID: 7695465]
159 Akdag I, Ersoy A, Kahvecioglu S, Gullulu M, Dilek K "Acute colchicine intoxication during clarithromycin administration in patients with chronic renal failure." J Nephrol 19 (2006): 515-7. [PMID: 17048210]
160 Baldwin ZK, Ceraldi CC "Ergotism associated with HIV antiviral protease inhibitor therapy." J Vasc Surg 37 (2003): 676-8. [PMID: 12618710]
161 Moreno S, Podzamczer D, Blazquez R, et al. "Treatment of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients: safety and antiretroviral efficacy of the concomitant use of ritonavir and rifampin." AIDS 15 (2001): 1185-7. [PMID: 11416725]
162 Product Information. VFEND (voriconazole). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY.
163 Product Information. Kynamro (mipomersen). Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
164 Agencia Espaola de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios Healthcare "Centro de informacion online de medicamentos de la AEMPS - CIMA.".
165 Product Information. Altabax (retapamulin topical). GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC.
166 Product Information. Givlaari (givosiran). Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA.
167 Product Information. Xerava (eravacycline). Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Watertown, MA.
168 Product Information. Rozerem (ramelteon). Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Lincolnshire, IL.
169 Product Information. Sonata (zaleplon) Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA.
170 Product Information. Hetlioz (tasimelteon). Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc, Rockville, MD.
171 Product Information. Caplyta (lumateperone). Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., New York, NY.
172 Product Information. Lotronex (alosetron). Glaxo Wellcome, Research Triangle Park, NC.
173 Product Information. Alunbrig (brigatinib). Ariad Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, MA.
174 Li J, Zhao M, He P, Hidalgo M, Baker SD "Differential metabolism of gefitinib and erlotinib by human cytochrome p450 enzymes." Clin Cancer Res 13 (2007): 3731-7. [PMID: 17575239]
175 Product Information. Zepzelca (lurbinectedin). Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA.
176 Product Information. Lorbrena (lorlatinib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
177 Product Information. Vizimpro (dacomitinib). Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group, New York, NY.
178 Product Information. Tagrisso (osimertinib). Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
179 Product Information. Gavreto (pralsetinib). Blueprint Medicines Corporation, Cambridge, MA.
180 Product Information. Tabrecta (capmatinib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
181 Abernethy DR, Wesche DL, Barbey JT, et al. "Stereoselective halofantrine disposition and effect: concentration-related QTc prolongation." Br J Clin Pharmacol 51 (2001): 231-7. [PMID: 11298069]
182 Al-Nawakil C, Willems L, Mauprivez C, et.al "Successful treatment of l-asparaginase-induced severe acute hepatotoxicity using mitochondrial cofactors." Leuk Lymphoma 55 (2014): 1670-4. [PMID: 24090500]
183 Product Information. Zydelig (idelalisib). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
184 Product Information. Venclexta (venetoclax). AbbVie US LLC, North Chicago, IL.
185 Product Information. Copiktra (duvelisib). Verastem, Inc., Needham, MA.
186 Product Information. Calquence (acalabrutinib). Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
187 Product Information. Clolar (clofarabine). sanofi-aventis, Bridgewater, NJ.
188 Antoniou T, Tseng AL "Interactions between antiretrovirals and antineoplastic drug therapy." Clin Pharmacokinet 44 (2005): 111-145. [PMID: 15656694]
189 Product Information. Zelboraf (vemurafenib). Genentech, South San Francisco, CA.
190 Product Information. Koselugo (selumetinib). Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
191 Product Information. Braftovi (encorafenib). Array BioPharma Inc., Boulder, CO.
192 Product Information. Ubrelvy (ubrogepant). Allergan Inc, Irvine, CA.
193 Product Information. Axert (almotriptan) Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI.
194 Product Information. Nurtec ODT (rimegepant). Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, CT.
195 Product Information. Reyvow (lasmiditan). Lilly, Eli and Company, Indianapolis, IN.
196 Hamberg P, Woo MM, Chen LC, et al. "Effect of ketoconazole-mediated CYP3A4 inhibition on clinical pharmacokinetics of panobinostat (LBH589), an orally active histone deacetylase inhibitor." Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 68 (2011): 805-13. [PMID: 21706316]
197 American Thoracic Society, CDC, Infectious Diseases Society of America "Treatment of tuberculosis." MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 52(RR-11) (2003): 1-77. [PMID: 12836625]
198 Product Information. Istodax (romidepsin). Gloucester Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA.
199 Product Information. Jakafi (ruxolitinib). Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE.
200 Product Information. Gleevec (imatinib mesylate). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
201 Product Information. Varubi (rolapitant). Tesaro Inc., Waltham, MA.
202 Product Information. Akynzeo (netupitant-palonosetron). Eisai Inc, Woodcliff Lake, NJ.
203 Product Information. Meridia (sibutramine). Knoll Pharmaceutical Company, Whippany, NJ.
204 Product Information. Belviq (lorcaserin). Eisai Inc, Teaneck, NJ.
205 MHRA. Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency "Orlistat: theoretical interaction with antiretroviral HIV medicines.".
206 Product Information. Orlaam (levomethadyl acetate) Roxanne Laboratories Inc, Columbus, OH.
207 Product Information. Bextra (valdecoxib). Pharmacia Corporation, Peapack, NJ.
208 EMA. European Medicines Agency. European Union "EMA - List of medicines under additional monitoring.".
209 Product Information. Zejula (niraparib). Tesaro Inc., Waltham, MA.
210 Product Information. Butorphanol Tartrate (butorphanol). Apotex Corporation, Weston, FL.
211 Product Information. Buprenex (buprenorphine). Reckitt and Colman Pharmaceutical, Richmond, VA.
212 Hutchinson MR, Menelaou A, Foster DJ, Coller JK, Somogyi AA "CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 involvement in the primary oxidative metabolism of hydrocodone by human liver microsomes." Br J Clin Pharmacol 57 (2004): 287-97. [PMID: 14998425]
213 Product Information. Nourianz (istradefylline). Kyowa Kirin, Inc, Bedminster, NJ.
214 Product Information. Nuplazid (pimavanserin). Accelis Pharma, East Windsor, NJ.
215 Product Information. Xeglyze (abametapir topical). Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Inc, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
216 Product Information. Xenleta (lefamulin). Nabriva Therapeutics US, Inc., King of Prussia, PA.
217 Product Information. Zokinvy (lonafarnib). Eiger BioPharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA.
218 Product Information. Zytiga (abiraterone). Centocor Inc, Malvern, PA.
219 Product Information. Orgovyx (relugolix). Myovant Sciences, Inc., Brisbane, CA.
220 Product Information. Nubeqa (darolutamide). Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc., Whippany, NJ.
221 Product Information. Duagen (dutasteride). GlaxoSmithKline Healthcare, Pittsburgh, PA.
222 Product Information. Letairis (ambrisentan). Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA.
223 Product Information. Rinvoq (upadacitinib). AbbVie US LLC, North Chicago, IL.
224 DeVane CL, Nemeroff CB "Clinical pharmacokinetics of quetiapine - An atypical antipsychotic." Clin Pharmacokinet 40 (2001): 509-22. [PMID: 11510628]
225 Abernethy DR, Greenblatt DJ, Steel K, Shader RI "Impairment of hepatic drug oxidation by propoxyphene." Ann Intern Med 97 (1982): 223-4. [PMID: 7103282]
226 Product Information. Abilify (aripiprazole). Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ.
227 Product Information. Fanapt (iloperidone). Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc, Rockville, MD.
228 Bartkowski RR, Goldberg ME, Huffnagle S, Epstein RH "Sufentanil disposition. Is it affected by erythromycin administration?" Anesthesiology 78 (1993): 260-5. [PMID: 8439020]
229 Loulergue P, Gaillard R, Mir O "Interaction involving tadalafil and CYP3A4 inhibition by ritonavir." Scand J Infect Dis 43 (2011): 239-40. [PMID: 20942777]
230 Product Information. Levitra (vardenafil). Bayer, West Haven, CT.
231 Product Information. Oxbryta (voxelotor). Global Blood Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA.
232 Product Information. Odomzo (sonidegib). Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ.
233 Aronson JK, Grahame-Smith DG "Clinical pharmacology: adverse drug interactions." Br Med J 282 (1981): 288-91. [PMID: 6779990]
234 Bundow D, Aboulafia DM "Potential drug interaction with paclitaxel and highly active antiretroviral therapy in two patients with AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma." Am J Clin Oncol 27 (2004): 81-4. [PMID: 14758138]
235 Product Information. ReVia (naltrexone). DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE.
236 Product Information. Tavalisse (fostamatinib). Rigel Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA.
237 Barau C, Blouin P, Creput C, Taburet AM, Durrbach A, Furlan V "Effect of coadministered HIV-protease inhibitors on tacrolimus and sirolimus blood concentrations in a kidney transplant recipient." Fundam Clin Pharmacol 23 (2009): 423-5. [PMID: 19709321]
238 Product Information. Orilissa (elagolix). AbbVie US LLC, North Chicago, IL.
239 Ament PW, Paterson A "Drug interactions with the nonsedating antihistamines." Am Fam Physician 56 (1997): 223. [PMID: 9225677]
240 Arrington-Sanders R, Hutton N, Siberry GK "Ritonavir-fluticasone interaction causing Cushing syndrome in HIV-infected children and adolescents." Pediatr Infect Dis J 25 (2006): 1044-1048. [PMID: 17072128]