Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCX3BJ6)

• Drug Combination Name: Aminophylline + Furosemide
• Indication: Acute Kidney Injury; Status: Phase 1 [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Aminophylline (DML2NIB): Small molecular drug
  Furosemide (DMMQ8ZG): Small molecular drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Aminophylline

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Bronchial asthma	CA23	Approved	[2]
Bronchitis	CA20	Approved	[3]
Lung cancer	2C25.0	Approved	[3]
Non-small-cell lung cancer	2C25.Y	Approved	[3]
Pulmonary disease	1B10-1F85	Approved	[3]
Pulmonary emphysema	CA21.Z	Approved	[3]
Severe asthma	CA23	Approved	[3]
Asthma	CA23	Phase 2	[4]

Aminophylline Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A)	TT06AWU	PDE3A_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[7]

Aminophylline Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DEJGDUW	CP1A2_HUMAN	Metabolism	[8]
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)	DEVDYN7	CP2E1_HUMAN	Metabolism	[9]

Indication(s) of Furosemide

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Congestive heart failure	BD10	Approved	[5]
Edema	MG29	Approved	[6]
Renal hypoplasia	N.A.	Approved	[6]

Furosemide Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Solute carrier family 12 member 1 (SLC12A1)	TTS087L	S12A1_HUMAN	Blocker	[13]

Furosemide Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Peptide transporter 1 (SLC15A1)	DT9G7XN	S15A1_HUMAN	Substrate	[14]
Organic anion transporter 1 (SLC22A6)	DTQ23VB	S22A6_HUMAN	Substrate	[15]
Organic anion transporter 3 (SLC22A8)	DTVP67E	S22A8_HUMAN	Substrate	[15]

Furosemide Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)	DEYGVN4	UD11_HUMAN	Metabolism	[16]
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)	DEVDYN7	CP2E1_HUMAN	Metabolism	[17]

Furosemide Interacts with 15 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT)	OTFOX70W	TPMT_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[18]
Carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2)	OTJRMUAG	CAH2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[19]
Renin (REN)	OT52GZR2	RENI_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[20]
Angiotensinogen (AGT)	OTBZLYR3	ANGT_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[21]
Natriuretic peptides A (NPPA)	OTMQNTNX	ANF_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[22]
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)	OT4IE164	TNFA_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[23]
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain (HLA-B)	OTNXFWY2	HLAB_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[24]
Albumin (ALB)	OTVMM513	ALBU_HUMAN	Affects Binding	[25]
Interleukin-6 (IL6)	OTUOSCCU	IL6_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[23]
Interleukin-10 (IL10)	OTIRFRXC	IL10_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[23]
Solute carrier family 12 member 2 (SLC12A2)	OT3ZJ3LH	S12A2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[26]
Heat shock factor protein 1 (HSF1)	OTYNJ4KP	HSF1_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[27]
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 4 (ABCC4)	OTO27PAL	MRP4_HUMAN	Increases Transport	[28]
Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor (PTH1R)	OTQF5ZAK	PTH1R_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[12]
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)	OTTW0267	LIPL_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[12]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Acute Kidney Injury	DCCPM87	N. A.	Phase 2	[29]

References

• [1] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02983422) Effects of Aminophylline on Renal Function and Urine Volume of AKI Patient
• [2] FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 081142.
• [3] Aminophylline FDA Label
• [4] Adenosine receptors: development of selective agonists and antagonists. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1987;230:41-63.
• [5] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 4839).
• [6] Furosemide FDA Label
• [7] Topical fat reduction from the waist. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2007 May;9(3):300-3.
• [8] Lack of effect of olanzapine on the pharmacokinetics of a single aminophylline dose in healthy men. Pharmacotherapy. 1998 Nov-Dec;18(6):1237-48.
• [9] Theophylline metabolism in human liver microsomes: inhibition studies. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1996 Mar;276(3):912-7.
• [10] Markers of electrophilic stress caused by chemically reactive metabolites in human hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 May;36(5):816-23.
• [11] Gastrointestinally distributed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A10, which metabolizes estrogens and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, depends upon phosphorylation. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jul 2;279(27):28320-9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M401396200. Epub 2004 Apr 26.
• [12] ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
• [13] Update of diuretics in the treatment of hypertension. Am J Ther. 2007 Mar-Apr;14(2):154-60.
• [14] Peptide transporter substrate identification during permeability screening in drug discovery: comparison of transfected MDCK-hPepT1 cells to Caco-2 cells. Arch Pharm Res. 2007 Apr;30(4):507-18.
• [15] Interactions of human organic anion transporters with diuretics. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Mar;308(3):1021-9.
• [16] Drug-drug interactions for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates: a pharmacokinetic explanation for typically observed low exposure (AUCi/AUC) ratios. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Nov;32(11):1201-8.
• [17] Effects of cytochrome P450 inducers and inhibitors on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous furosemide in rats: involvement of CYP2C11, 2E1, 3A1 and 3A2 in furosemide metabolism. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2009 Jan;61(1):47-54.
• [18] Inhibition of human thiopurine methyltransferase by furosemide, bendroflumethiazide and trichlormethiazide. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1996;49(5):393-6.
• [19] Inhibition profiling of human carbonic anhydrase II by high-throughput screening of structurally diverse, biologically active compounds. J Biomol Screen. 2006 Oct;11(7):782-91.
• [20] Endogenous bradykinin and the renin and pressor responses to furosemide in humans. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Nov;295(2):644-8.
• [21] Secondary pulmonary hypertension: haemodynamic effects of torasemide versus furosemide. Clin Drug Investig. 2008;28(1):17-26. doi: 10.2165/00044011-200828010-00003.
• [22] [Effects of 4-hour erect posture and furosemide on the blood level of atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with primary arterial hypertension]. Przegl Lek. 1990;47(3):332-4.
• [23] Antihypertensive drugs clonidine, diazoxide, hydralazine and furosemide regulate the production of cytokines by placentas and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in normal pregnancy. J Hypertens. 2006 May;24(5):915-22. doi: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000222762.84605.03.
• [24] Systems pharmacological analysis of drugs inducing stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015 May 18;28(5):927-34. doi: 10.1021/tx5005248. Epub 2015 Apr 3.
• [25] Bucolome, a potent binding inhibitor for furosemide, alters the pharmacokinetics and diuretic effect of furosemide: potential for use of bucolome to restore diuretic response in nephrotic syndrome. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Apr;33(4):596-602. doi: 10.1124/dmd.104.002782. Epub 2005 Jan 7.
• [26] Azosemide is more potent than bumetanide and various other loop diuretics to inhibit the sodium-potassium-chloride-cotransporter human variants hNKCC1A and hNKCC1B. Sci Rep. 2018 Jun 29;8(1):9877. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27995-w.
• [27] A Gene Expression Biomarker Predicts Heat Shock Factor 1 Activation in a Gene Expression Compendium. Chem Res Toxicol. 2021 Jul 19;34(7):1721-1737. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00510. Epub 2021 Jun 25.
• [28] Multichannel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry cocktail method for comprehensive substrate characterization of multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 transporter. Pharm Res. 2007 Dec;24(12):2281-96.
• [29] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05933642) Diuretic Efficacy of Aminophylline and Furosemide Combination vs Furosemide Alone in Critically Ill Adults