Details of Disease

General Information of Disease (ID: DISIRYMU)

• Disease Name: Candidiasis
• Synonyms: infections, Candida <Debaryomycetaceae>; systemic candidiasis; disseminated candidiasis; thrush; Candidosis; Candida infection; Candida <Debaryomycetaceae> infection
• Disease Class: 1F23: Candidosis
• Definition: Infection with the organism Candida.
• Disease Hierarchy:
  DIS67GEL: Opportunistic mycosis
  DISEM33Q: Infectious disease
  DISIRYMU: Candidiasis
• ICD Code:
  ICD-11: ICD-11: 1F23
  Expand ICD-9: 112117.3
• Disease Identifiers:
  MONDO ID: MONDO_0002026
  MESH ID: D002177
  UMLS CUI: C0006840
  MedGen ID: 14299
  SNOMED CT ID: 78048006

Drug-Interaction Atlas (DIA) of This Disease

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 10 Approved Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Amphotericin B	DMTAJQE	Approved	Small molecular drug	[1]
Anidulafungin	DM8QM5U	Approved	Small molecular drug	[2]
Butoconazole	DM8SY60	Approved	Small molecular drug	[3]
Caspofungin	DMGQIPT	Approved	Small molecular drug	[4]
Haloprogin	DMH4IVU	Approved	Small molecular drug	[2]
Micafungin	DM6Y3AN	Approved	Small molecular drug	[5]
Posaconazole	DMUL5EW	Approved	Small molecular drug	[6]
Rezafungin	DMQ4CSX	Approved	Small molecular drug	[7]
Terconazole	DMJ13KI	Approved	Small molecular drug	[8]
Voriconazole	DMAOL2S	Approved	Small molecular drug	[9]

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 6 Clinical Trial Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
AP-214	DMMX5EB	Phase 2	Small molecular drug	[10]
NDV-3A	DM4S5UO	Phase 2	Vaccine	[11]
Organosphosphates	DMCEWPB	Phase 2	NA	[12]
Nikkomycin Z	DMMOA2X	Phase 1/2	Small molecular drug	[13]
CD101 IV	DMIFCA0	Phase 1	NA	[14]
PEV-7	DM89EXT	Phase 1	NA	[15]

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 2 Discontinued Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Candistat-G	DMMGKDZ	Discontinued in Phase 2	NA	[16]
Cilofungin	DMBNWM1	Terminated	Small molecular drug	[17]

This Disease is Treated as An Indication in 3 Investigative Drug(s)

Drug Name	Drug ID	Highest Status	Drug Type	REF
Azole	DML30LO	Investigative	Small molecular drug	[18]
CAL-401	DM8RVVV	Investigative	NA	[18]
Echinocandin	DMY4ZIV	Investigative	NA	[18]

Molecular Interaction Atlas (MIA) of This Disease

This Disease Is Related to 4 DTT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DTT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
DEFB4A	TTIVY12	Strong	Altered Expression	[19]
IL10RB	TTJTRMK	Strong	Biomarker	[20]
RORC	TTGV6LY	Strong	Genetic Variation	[21]
SLC5A2	TTF8JAT	Strong	Genetic Variation	[22]

This Disease Is Related to 21 DOT Molecule(s)

Gene Name	DOT ID	Evidence Level	Mode of Inheritance	REF
CARD9	OTJ81AWD	Strong	Genetic Variation	[23]
CDR2	OTD3ZJST	Strong	Genetic Variation	[24]
CLEC7A	OTRTBH27	Strong	Genetic Variation	[25]
CSH2	OTW8JVAN	Strong	Biomarker	[26]
DDX43	OTK1RYSK	Strong	Genetic Variation	[27]
DEFB103B	OT8RWY64	Strong	Altered Expression	[19]
ELK4	OTVSSEOE	Strong	Altered Expression	[28]
ERCC8	OT0T4WKI	Strong	Biomarker	[26]
IL12RB1	OTM1IJO2	Strong	Genetic Variation	[25]
IL17RA	OTVVI8ER	Strong	Biomarker	[29]
IRS4	OTTOL40K	Strong	Biomarker	[30]
LAT2	OTWJDKIH	Strong	Biomarker	[31]
LRRCC1	OTVEBJ1V	Strong	Biomarker	[32]
NUDT11	OTFDXJA1	Strong	Biomarker	[33]
PLCG2	OTGVC9MY	Strong	Biomarker	[34]
PSAP	OTUOEKY7	Strong	Biomarker	[32]
PTPRH	OTDUHQGF	Strong	Altered Expression	[28]
RFX2	OTK6VQ1B	Strong	Biomarker	[35]
SCLT1	OT2ZSSP4	Strong	Altered Expression	[28]
SETD1A	OTVVWRIC	Strong	Biomarker	[36]
TOR1AIP1	OTTG8MAK	Strong	Altered Expression	[37]

References

• [1] Amphotericin B FDA Label
• [2] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015
• [3] FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 020421.
• [4] Caspofungin FDA Label
• [5] Echinocandins: pharmacokinetic and therapeutic issues. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009 Jul;25(7):1741-50.
• [6] Posaconazole FDA Label
• [7] FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2023. Application Number: 217417.
• [8] FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (NDA) 021735.
• [9] Voriconazole FDA Label
• [10] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00903604) Pharmacokinetics of AP214 Acetate in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [11] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01926028) Safety, Tolerability, Immunogenicity and Efficacy of NDV-3A Vaccine in Preventing Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [12] Interpreting expression profiles of cancers by genome-wide survey of breadth of expression in normal tissues. Genomics 2005 Aug;86(2):127-41.
• [13] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00614666) Safety and PK of Nikkomycin Z for Coccidioides Pneumonia Treatment. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [14] Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
• [15] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01067131) Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Virosomal Vaccine Against Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candida Infection. U.S. National Institutes of Health.
• [16] Trusted, scientifically sound profiles of drug programs, clinical trials, safety reports, and company deals, written by scientists. Springer. 2015. Adis Insight (drug id 800008989)
• [17] Fungi: Biology and Applications, Kevin Kavanagh. Page(211).
• [18] The ChEMBL database in 2017. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jan 4;45(D1):D945-D954.
• [19] IL-1 and ADAM17 are central regulators of -defensin expression in Candida esophagitis.Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2011 Apr;300(4):G547-53. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00251.2010. Epub 2011 Jan 13.
• [20] Candidiasis associated with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease: First IL10RB deficient case from the National Iranian Registry and review of the literature.Clin Immunol. 2019 Aug;205:35-42. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.05.007. Epub 2019 May 13.
• [21] IMMUNODEFICIENCIES. Impairment of immunity to Candida and Mycobacterium in humans with bi-allelic RORC mutations. Science. 2015 Aug 7;349(6248):606-613. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4282. Epub 2015 Jul 9.
• [22] Candidemia Following Ureteric Stent Placement in a Patient With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Canagliflozin.Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019 Jan 30;10:20. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00020. eCollection 2019.
• [23] Endogenous Candida endophthalmitis and osteomyelitis associated with CARD9 deficiency.BMJ Case Rep. 2016 Mar 3;2016:bcr2015214117. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2015-214117.
• [24] Quantification of CDR1 Gene Expression in Fluconazole Resistant Candida Glabrata Strains Using Real-time PCR.Iran J Public Health. 2017 Aug;46(8):1118-1122.
• [25] Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy and other primary immunodeficiency diseases help to resolve the nature of protective immunity against chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.Curr Opin Pediatr. 2013 Dec;25(6):715-21. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000028.
• [26] Investigation of the in vitro antifungal and antibiofilm activities of ceragenins CSA-8, CSA-13, CSA-44, CSA-131, and CSA-138 against Candida species.Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2018 Aug;91(4):324-330. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.03.014. Epub 2018 Mar 28.
• [27] Multiple Candida strains in the course of a single systemic infection.J Clin Microbiol. 1988 Aug;26(8):1448-59. doi: 10.1128/jcm.26.8.1448-1459.1988.
• [28] Quantitative expression of the Candida albicans secreted aspartyl proteinase gene family in human oral and vaginal candidiasis.Microbiology (Reading). 2008 Nov;154(Pt 11):3266-3280. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.2008/022293-0.
• [29] Unexpected kidney-restricted role for IL-17 receptor signaling in defense against systemic Candida albicans infection.JCI Insight. 2018 May 3;3(9):e98241. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.98241.
• [30] Candida albicans IRS4 contributes to hyphal formation and virulence after the initial stages of disseminated candidiasis.Microbiology (Reading). 2005 Sep;151(Pt 9):2923-2931. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.27998-0.
• [31] Development of a personalized diagnostic model for kidney stone disease tailored to acute care by integrating large clinical, demographics and laboratory data: the diagnostic acute care algorithm - kidney stones (DACA-KS).BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2018 Aug 17;18(1):72. doi: 10.1186/s12911-018-0652-4.
• [32] Silver-loaded graphene as an effective SERS substrate for clotrimazole detection: DFT and spectroscopic studies.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2018 Aug 5;201:354-361. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.018. Epub 2018 May 7.
• [33] Persistent Candida albicans colonization and molecular mechanisms of azole resistance in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) patients.J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010 Dec;65(12):2505-13. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkq354. Epub 2010 Sep 28.
• [34] Intradural cauda equina Candida abscess presenting with hydrocephalus: case report.J Neurosurg Spine. 2019 Aug 30;31(6):890-893. doi: 10.3171/2019.6.SPINE19271.
• [35] Candida albicans RFX2 encodes a DNA binding protein involved in DNA damage responses, morphogenesis, and virulence.Eukaryot Cell. 2009 Apr;8(4):627-39. doi: 10.1128/EC.00246-08. Epub 2009 Feb 27.
• [36] Candida albicans SET1 encodes a histone 3 lysine 4 methyltransferase that contributes to the pathogenesis of invasive candidiasis.Mol Microbiol. 2006 May;60(3):697-709. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05121.x.
• [37] In vitro investigation on probiotic, anti-Candida, and antibiofilm properties of Lactobacillus pentosus strain LAP1.Arch Oral Biol. 2018 May;89:99-106. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.02.014. Epub 2018 Feb 23.