Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCSIUXA)

• Drug Combination Name: Bardoxolone methyl + Idarubicin
• Indication: Glioblastoma?; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Bardoxolone methyl (DMODA2X): Small molecular drug
  Idarubicin (DMM0XGL): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: T98G
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 10.14
  Bliss Independence Score: 10.14
  Loewe Additivity Score: 12.25
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 12.33

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Bardoxolone methyl

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Mixed connective tissue disease	4A43.3	Phase 3	[2]
Pulmonary arterial hypertension	BB01.0	Phase 2	[3]
Pulmonary hypertension	BB01	Phase 2	[2]

Bardoxolone methyl Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
PPAR-gamma messenger RNA (PPARG mRNA)	TTT2SVW	PPARG_HUMAN	Antagonist	[7]

Bardoxolone methyl Interacts with 75 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3B)	OTL3L14B	GSK3B_HUMAN	Increases Phosphorylation	[8]
Caspase-8 (CASP8)	OTA8TVI8	CASP8_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[8]
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2)	OT0HENJ5	NF2L2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[8]
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 (CHRM2)	OTUMZ2WR	ACM2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[9]
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (CHRM1)	OTKW3E6B	ACM1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[9]
D(2) dopamine receptor (DRD2)	OTBLXKEG	DRD2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[9]
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor (ADRA2C)	OT5B9RKP	ADA2C_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[9]
D(1A) dopamine receptor (DRD1)	OTLZPBT7	DRD1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[9]
Substance-P receptor (TACR1)	OTCL9OC5	NK1R_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[9]
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (HTR2A)	OTWXJX0M	5HT2A_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[9]
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C (HTR2C)	OT6H8DE0	5HT2C_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[9]
Histamine H1 receptor (HRH1)	OT8F9FV6	HRH1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[9]
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor (ADRA1B)	OTSAYAFD	ADA1B_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[9]
Mu-type opioid receptor (OPRM1)	OT16AAT8	OPRM_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[9]
Vasopressin V1a receptor (AVPR1A)	OTKR8AFL	V1AR_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[9]
Kappa-type opioid receptor (OPRK1)	OTXCZF4L	OPRK_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[9]
3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B)	OTOA8WU2	PDE4B_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[9]
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C (CACNA1C)	OT6KFNMS	CAC1C_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[9]
Aurora kinase B (AURKB)	OTIY4VHU	AURKB_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[9]
NF-kappa-B inhibitor epsilon (NFKBIE)	OTLAYEL9	IKBE_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Transcription factor MafG (MAFG)	OTBQFUZH	MAFG_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
SH3 domain-binding protein 5 (SH3BP5)	OTOOEGUJ	3BP5_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[10]
Dynamin-like 120 kDa protein, mitochondrial (OPA1)	OTJGNWPW	OPA1_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[11]
Mitofusin-2 (MFN2)	OTPYN8A3	MFN2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[11]
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU)	OTX0QGKK	UROK_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (PDGFB)	OTMFMFC3	PDGFB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Annexin A1 (ANXA1)	OT5OFDJC	ANXA1_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[10]
Endothelin-1 (EDN1)	OTZCACEG	EDN1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Amino acid transporter heavy chain SLC3A2 (SLC3A2)	OTBR33M9	4F2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type (PFKM)	OT1QY9JM	PFKAM_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[11]
Glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1)	OTA7K5XA	GSTA1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[10]
Glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP1)	OTLP0A0Y	GSTP1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[10]
Growth-regulated alpha protein (CXCL1)	OT3WCTZV	GROA_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1)	OTC1W6UX	HMOX1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Poly polymerase 1 (PARP1)	OT310QSG	PARP1_HUMAN	Increases Cleavage	[12]
Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA)	OT192V9V	RARA_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[10]
Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP (HSPA5)	OTFUIRAO	BIP_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2)	OTAD2HEL	CCL2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Pyruvate kinase PKM (PKM)	OTLHHMC2	KPYM_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[11]
Interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL1R1)	OTTU8959	IL1R1_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[10]
Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (B4GALT1)	OTBCXEK7	B4GT1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
NAD(P)H dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1)	OTZGGIVK	NQO1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2)	OTXI2NTI	GPX2_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[10]
C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2)	OTEJCYMY	CXCL2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3)	OTVLI4DD	TNAP3_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (RPS6KB1)	OTAELNGX	KS6B1_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[11]
Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha (GADD45A)	OTDRV63V	GA45A_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[10]
DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 1 (DNAJB1)	OTCOSEVH	DNJB1_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[10]
DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein (DDIT3)	OTI8YKKE	DDIT3_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Lon protease homolog, mitochondrial (LONP1)	OT665WYT	LONM_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)	OTAAGKYZ	STAT3_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[12]
Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR (MTOR)	OTHH8KU7	MTOR_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[11]
Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC)	OTESDI4D	GSH1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit (GCLM)	OT6CP234	GSH0_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Fatty acid synthase (FASN)	OTFII9KG	FAS_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[14]
Small ribosomal subunit protein eS6 (RPS6)	OTT4D1LN	RS6_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[11]
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLR1)	OTS44RIC	OLR1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
C-C motif chemokine 20 (CCL20)	OTUCJY4N	CCL20_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Heat shock factor protein 1 (HSF1)	OTYNJ4KP	HSF1_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[15]
Antigen peptide transporter 1 (TAP1)	OTJL27PW	TAP1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 (TNFRSF9)	OTNOM26L	TNR9_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 3 (BIRC3)	OT3E95KB	BIRC3_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1)	OTGY5D5J	SQSTM_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)	OTFHOD0C	KEAP1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Neutral amino acid transporter B(0) (SLC1A5)	OTE2H26Q	AAAT_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[11]
Mitofusin-1 (MFN1)	OTCBXQZF	MFN1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[11]
Scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SCARB1)	OTAE1UA1	SCRB1_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[10]
Thyroid hormone-inducible hepatic protein (THRSP)	OTKYE01L	THRSP_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[14]
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (SLC47A1)	OTZX0U5Q	S47A1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
Bcl-2-binding component 3, isoforms 3/4 (BBC3)	OTUAXDAY	BBC3B_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3)	OTG5OS7X	TRIB3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (SIGMAR1)	OTDORW5C	SGMR1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[13]
Sulfiredoxin-1 (SRXN1)	OTYDBO4L	SRXN1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[6]
Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN3 (EGLN3)	OTXV3RYX	EGLN3_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[10]
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 (PRKAG2)	OTHTAM54	AAKG2_HUMAN	Affects Expression	[6]

Indication(s) of Idarubicin

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Acute myelogenous leukaemia	2A41	Approved	[4]
Acute myeloid leukaemia	2A60	Approved	[5]
Adult acute monocytic leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Childhood acute megakaryoblastic leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Leukemia	N.A.	Approved	[4]

Idarubicin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2)	TT0IHXV	TOP2A_HUMAN; TOP2B_HUMAN	Modulator	[18]

Idarubicin Interacts with 3 DTP Molecule(s)

DTP Name	DTP ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (ABCC1)	DTSYQGK	MRP1_HUMAN	Substrate	[19]
P-glycoprotein 1 (ABCB1)	DTUGYRD	MDR1_HUMAN	Substrate	[20]
Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2)	DTI7UX6	ABCG2_HUMAN	Substrate	[20]

Idarubicin Interacts with 2 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)	DECB0K3	CP2D6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[21]
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)	DE5IED8	CP2C9_HUMAN	Metabolism	[21]

Idarubicin Interacts with 9 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Estrogen receptor (ESR1)	OTKLU61J	ESR1_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[17]
Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1)	OTC1W6UX	HMOX1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[22]
Androgen receptor (AR)	OTUBKAZZ	ANDR_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[17]
Natriuretic peptides B (NPPB)	OTSN2IPY	ANFB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[23]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG)	OTHMARHO	PPARG_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[17]
Caspase-3 (CASP3)	OTIJRBE7	CASP3_HUMAN	Increases Activity	[24]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD)	OTI4WTOP	PPARD_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[17]
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2)	OTZX881H	KCNH2_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[25]
Bile acid receptor (NR1H4)	OTWZLPTB	NR1H4_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[17]

References

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• [2] Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
• [3] Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)
• [4] Idarubicin FDA Label
• [5] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 7083).
• [6] Mapping the dynamics of Nrf2 antioxidant and NFB inflammatory responses by soft electrophilic chemicals in human liver cells defines the transition from adaptive to adverse responses. Toxicol In Vitro. 2022 Oct;84:105419. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105419. Epub 2022 Jun 17.
• [7] A synthetic triterpenoid, 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO), is a ligand for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Mol Endocrinol. 2000 Oct;14(10):1550-6.
• [8] Glycogen synthase kinase 3 regulates cell death and survival signaling in tumor cells under redox stress. Neoplasia. 2014 Sep;16(9):710-22.
• [9] Characterization of the potent, selective Nrf2 activator, 3-(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-chromen-2-one, in cellular and in vivo models of pulmonary oxidative stress. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2017 Oct;363(1):114-125.
• [10] Fluorescent tagging of endogenous Heme oxygenase-1 in human induced pluripotent stem cells for high content imaging of oxidative stress in various differentiated lineages. Arch Toxicol. 2021 Oct;95(10):3285-3302. doi: 10.1007/s00204-021-03127-8. Epub 2021 Sep 4.
• [11] Synthetic oleanane triterpenoid derivative CDDO-Me disrupts cellular bioenergetics to suppress pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via targeting SLC1A5. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2022 Nov;36(11):e23192. doi: 10.1002/jbt.23192. Epub 2022 Aug 5.
• [12] The synthetic triterpenoids CDDO-methyl ester and CDDO-ethyl amide prevent lung cancer induced by vinyl carbamate in A/J mice. Cancer Res. 2007 Mar 15;67(6):2414-9. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-4534.
• [13] Lonp1 and Sig-1R contribute to the counteraction of ursolic acid against ochratoxin A-induced mitochondrial apoptosis. Food Chem Toxicol. 2023 Feb;172:113592. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113592. Epub 2022 Dec 29.
• [14] Fatty acid synthesis is a therapeutic target in human liposarcoma. Int J Oncol. 2010 May;36(5):1309-14. doi: 10.3892/ijo_00000616.
• [15] A Gene Expression Biomarker Predicts Heat Shock Factor 1 Activation in a Gene Expression Compendium. Chem Res Toxicol. 2021 Jul 19;34(7):1721-1737. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00510. Epub 2021 Jun 25.
• [16] Bardoxolone methyl modulates efflux transporter and detoxifying enzyme expression in cisplatin-induced kidney cell injury. Toxicol Lett. 2016 Sep 30;259:52-59. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.021. Epub 2016 Jul 29.
• [17] Quantitative high-throughput profiling of environmental chemicals and drugs that modulate farnesoid X receptor. Sci Rep. 2014 Sep 26;4:6437. doi: 10.1038/srep06437.
• [18] Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
• [19] Human intestinal transporter database: QSAR modeling and virtual profiling of drug uptake, efflux and interactions. Pharm Res. 2013 Apr;30(4):996-1007.
• [20] Amonafide L-malate is not a substrate for multidrug resistance proteins in secondary acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2008 Nov;22(11):2110-5.
• [21] In vitro evaluation of cytochrome P450-mediated drug interactions between cytarabine, idarubicin, itraconazole and caspofungin. Hematology. 2004 Jun;9(3):217-21.
• [22] A Quantitative Approach to Screen for Nephrotoxic Compounds In Vitro. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016 Apr;27(4):1015-28. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2015010060. Epub 2015 Aug 10.
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• [24] The induction of apoptosis by daunorubicin and idarubicin in human trisomic and diabetic fibroblasts. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2008;13(2):182-94. doi: 10.2478/s11658-007-0045-7. Epub 2008 Apr 10.
• [25] Refining the human iPSC-cardiomyocyte arrhythmic risk assessment model. Toxicol Sci. 2013 Dec;136(2):581-94. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kft205. Epub 2013 Sep 19.