Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DCYUWMA)

• Drug Combination Name: Dacarbazine + Isoniazid
• Indication: Colon carcinoma; Status: Investigative [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Dacarbazine (DMNPZL4): Small molecular drug
  Isoniazid (DM5JVS3): Small molecular drug
• High-throughput Screening Result:
  Testing Cell Line: KM12
  Zero Interaction Potency (ZIP) Score: 8.4
  Bliss Independence Score: 20.05
  Loewe Additivity Score: 5.47
  LHighest Single Agent (HSA) Score: 6.77

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Dacarbazine

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Adenocarcinoma	2D40	Approved	[2]
Astrocytoma	2A00.0Y	Approved	[2]
Brain disease	8C70-8E61	Approved	[2]
Central nervous system disease	8A04-8D87	Approved	[2]
Glioblastoma	2A00	Approved	[2]
Gliosarcoma	N.A.	Approved	[2]
Melanoma	2C30	Approved	[3]
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma	N.A.	Investigative	[2]
Neuroblastoma	2D11.2	Investigative	[2]

Dacarbazine Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Human Deoxyribonucleic acid (hDNA)	TTUTN1I	NOUNIPROTAC	Breaker	[7]

Dacarbazine Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)	DEJGDUW	CP1A2_HUMAN	Metabolism	[8]
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1)	DE6OQ3W	CP1A1_HUMAN	Metabolism	[9]
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)	DEVDYN7	CP2E1_HUMAN	Metabolism	[10]

Dacarbazine Interacts with 8 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 (BIRC5)	OTILXZYL	BIRC5_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[11]
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8)	OTS7T5VH	IL8_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[6]
Methylated-DNA--protein-cysteine methyltransferase (MGMT)	OT40A9WH	MGMT_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[12]
DNA repair nuclease/redox regulator APEX1 (APEX1)	OT53OI14	APEX1_HUMAN	Increases Response To Substance	[13]
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 (SLC2A1)	OTA675TJ	GTR1_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[14]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3)	OTCYKGKO	MK03_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[15]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)	OTH85PI5	MK01_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[15]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 (MAP3K1)	OTS3FVTY	M3K1_HUMAN	Decreases Response To Substance	[15]

Indication(s) of Isoniazid

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Latent tuberculosis infection	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Pulmonary tuberculosis	1B10.Z	Approved	[4]
Tuberculosis	1B10-1B1Z	Approved	[5]

Isoniazid Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Bacterial Fatty acid synthetase I (Bact inhA)	TTVTX4N	INHA_MYCTU	Inhibitor	[17]

Isoniazid Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)	DEVDYN7	CP2E1_HUMAN	Metabolism	[18]
Catalase-peroxidase (katG)	DEAGY5M	KATG_SYNE7	Metabolism	[19]
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT)	DEXCQTM	A0A3P8LE58_TSUPA	Metabolism	[20]

Isoniazid Interacts with 28 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
N-alpha-acetyltransferase 20 (NAA20)	OTJB0VA6	NAA20_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[21]
Nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1)	OT4FU8C0	NUPR1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[22]
Inhibin beta E chain (INHBE)	OTOI2NYG	INHBE_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[22]
Protein DEPP1 (DEPP1)	OTB36PHJ	DEPP1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[22]
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10)	OTOA4HTH	AK1BA_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
Interleukin-12 subunit alpha (IL12A)	OTDQT8GI	IL12A_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[16]
Interleukin-12 subunit beta (IL12B)	OT0JF8A3	IL12B_HUMAN	Increases Secretion	[16]
Sulfiredoxin-1 (SRXN1)	OTYDBO4L	SRXN1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[16]
Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase (BBOX1)	OTKEX4RK	BODG_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[23]
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 (ATP1B1)	OTTO6ZP4	AT1B1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[23]
Amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP)	OTKFD7R4	A4_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[23]
14-3-3 protein sigma (SFN)	OTLJCZ1U	1433S_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[23]
DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein (DDIT3)	OTI8YKKE	DDIT3_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[23]
Claudin-2 (CLDN2)	OTRF3D6Y	CLD2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[23]
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 (SLC7A5)	OT2WPVXD	LAT1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[23]
Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3)	OTG5OS7X	TRIB3_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[23]
Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2 (PLOD2)	OTKOZRZP	PLOD2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[24]
Albumin (ALB)	OTVMM513	ALBU_HUMAN	Affects Binding	[25]
Antileukoproteinase (SLPI)	OTUNFUU8	SLPI_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[26]
5-aminolevulinate synthase, non-specific, mitochondrial (ALAS1)	OTQY6ZSF	HEM1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[27]
Ferrochelatase, mitochondrial (FECH)	OTDWEI6C	HEMH_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[27]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3)	OTCYKGKO	MK03_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[28]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)	OTH85PI5	MK01_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[28]
Nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1)	OTOXWNV8	NRF1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[29]
Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3 ligand 1 (NCR3LG1)	OT15YWU7	NR3L1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[30]
PTB-containing, cubilin and LRP1-interacting protein (PID1)	OT5YJ7FI	PCLI1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[26]
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A)	OTHCDQ22	PRGC1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[29]
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2)	OTBPDQOY	ARY2_HUMAN	Decreases Acetylation	[31]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Adenocarcinoma	DCG60J0	HCC-2998	Investigative	[32]
High grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma	DCPBK5H	NCI\\/ADR-RES	Investigative	[32]
Malignant melanoma	DCJ8VFS	LOX IMVI	Investigative	[32]
Mixed endometrioid and clear cell carcinoma	DCP3VKW	IGROV1	Investigative	[32]
Pleural epithelioid mesothelioma	DCBC46Y	NCI-H226	Investigative	[32]

References

• [1] CheMBL Affinity Phenotypic Cellular Interaction Assay ID: CHEMBL1126165
• [2] Dacarbazine FDA Label
• [3] FDA Approved Drug Products from FDA Official Website. 2009. Application Number: (ANDA) 075259.
• [4] Isoniazid FDA Label
• [5] Novel agents in the management of Mycobacterium tuberculosis disease. Curr Med Chem. 2007;14(18):2000-8.
• [6] Dacarbazine causes transcriptional up-regulation of interleukin 8 and vascular endothelial growth factor in melanoma cells: a possible escape mechanism from chemotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther. 2003 Aug;2(8):753-63.
• [7] Predicting the myelotoxicity of chemotherapy: the use of pretreatment O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase determination in peripheral blood mono... Melanoma Res. 2011 Dec;21(6):502-8.
• [8] Study on mesenchymal stem cells mediated enzyme-prodrug gene CYP1A2 targeting anti-tumor effect. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2009 Oct;30(10):667-71.
• [9] Metabolic activation of dacarbazine by human cytochromes P450: the role of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP2E1. Clin Cancer Res. 1999 Aug;5(8):2192-7.
• [10] Role of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes in metabolism of O(6)-benzylguanine: implications for dacarbazine activation. Clin Cancer Res. 2001 Dec;7(12):4239-44.
• [11] Serum bcl-2 and survivin levels in melanoma. Melanoma Res. 2004 Dec;14(6):543-6. doi: 10.1097/00008390-200412000-00017.
• [12] Pharmacokinetic, biochemical and clinical effects of dimethyltriazenoimidazole-4-carboxamide-bischloroethylnitrosourea combination therapy in patients with advanced breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 2003 Feb 20;103(5):686-92. doi: 10.1002/ijc.10849.
• [13] Impairment of APE1 function enhances cellular sensitivity to clinically relevant alkylators and antimetabolites. Mol Cancer Res. 2009 Jun;7(6):897-906. doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-08-0519. Epub 2009 May 26.
• [14] Glut-1 as a therapeutic target: increased chemoresistance and HIF-1-independent link with cell turnover is revealed through COMPARE analysis and metabolomic studies. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2008 Mar;61(3):377-93. doi: 10.1007/s00280-007-0480-1. Epub 2007 May 23.
• [15] Exposure of melanoma cells to dacarbazine results in enhanced tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. J Clin Oncol. 2004 Jun 1;22(11):2092-100. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2004.11.070. Epub 2004 May 3.
• [16] Characterization of drug-specific signaling between primary human hepatocytes and immune cells. Toxicol Sci. 2017 Jul 1;158(1):76-89.
• [17] Diversity in enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductases. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2009 May;66(9):1507-17.
• [18] Inhibition of CYP2E1 catalytic activity in vitro by S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Biochem Pharmacol. 2005 Apr 1;69(7):1081-93.
• [19] Crystal structure of the catalase-peroxidase KatG W78F mutant from Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 in complex with the antitubercular pro-drug isoniazid. FEBS Lett. 2015 Jan 2;589(1):131-7.
• [20] The actinobacterium Tsukamurella paurometabola has a functionally divergent arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) homolog. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019 Oct 31;35(11):174.
• [21] ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
• [22] Determination of phospholipidosis potential based on gene expression analysis in HepG2 cells. Toxicol Sci. 2007 Mar;96(1):101-14.
• [23] Comparison of base-line and chemical-induced transcriptomic responses in HepaRG and RPTEC/TERT1 cells using TempO-Seq. Arch Toxicol. 2018 Aug;92(8):2517-2531.
• [24] Identification of differentially expressed genes in hepatic HepG2 cells treated with acetaminophen using suppression subtractive hybridization. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Jul;28(7):1148-53. doi: 10.1248/bpb.28.1148.
• [25] Auto-oxidation of Isoniazid Leads to Isonicotinic-Lysine Adducts on Human Serum Albumin. Chem Res Toxicol. 2015 Jan 20;28(1):51-8. doi: 10.1021/tx500285k. Epub 2014 Dec 9.
• [26] An in vitro coculture system of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cells for predicting drug-induced liver injury. Arch Toxicol. 2021 Jan;95(1):149-168. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02882-4. Epub 2020 Aug 20.
• [27] The Isoniazid Metabolites Hydrazine and Pyridoxal Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone Modulate Heme Biosynthesis. Toxicol Sci. 2019 Mar 1;168(1):209-224. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy294.
• [28] Quercetin protected against isoniazide-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis by activating the SIRT1/ERK pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2019 Sep;33(9):e22369. doi: 10.1002/jbt.22369. Epub 2019 Jul 23.
• [29] AMPK activator acadesine fails to alleviate isoniazid-caused mitochondrial instability in HepG2 cells. J Appl Toxicol. 2017 Oct;37(10):1219-1224. doi: 10.1002/jat.3483. Epub 2017 May 29.
• [30] Enhanced activation of human NK cells by drug-exposed hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol. 2020 Feb;94(2):439-448. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02668-8. Epub 2020 Feb 14.
• [31] Effects of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), CYP2E1 and Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) genotypes on the serum concentrations of isoniazid and metabolites in tuberculosis patients. J Toxicol Sci. 2008 May;33(2):187-95. doi: 10.2131/jts.33.187.
• [32] CheMBL Affinity Phenotypic Cellular Interaction Assay ID: CHEMBL1125966