Details of the Drug-Related molecule(s) Interaction Atlas

General Information of Drug (ID: DMDF79Z)

Drug Name
Acetylcholine Drug Info
Synonyms
acetylcholine; Choline acetate; O-Acetylcholine; Acetyl choline ion; Acetylcholinum; 51-84-3; (2-Acetoxyethyl)trimethylammonium; Acetyl choline cation; Choline acetate (ester); 2-(Acetyloxy)-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium; Ach; Azetylcholin; ethanaminium, 2-(acetyloxy)-N,N,N-trimethyl-; UNII-N9YNS0M02X; BRN 1764436; CHEBI:15355; Bromoacetylcholine; EINECS 200-128-9; CHEMBL667; N9YNS0M02X; [2-(acetyloxy)ethyl]trimethylazanium; Ethanaminium, 2-(acetyloxy)-N,N,N-trimethyl- (9CI); 2-acetyloxyethyl-trimethylazanium; [3H]acetylcholine; Miochol; Miochol-e
Indication
Disease Entry ICD 11 Status REF
Cataract 9B10 Approved [1]
Therapeutic Class
Cardiovascular Agents
Cross-matching ID
PubChem CID
187
ChEBI ID
CHEBI:15355
CAS Number
CAS 51-84-3
TTD Drug ID
DMDF79Z
VARIDT Drug ID
DR00070
INTEDE Drug ID
DR0041

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas

Molecule-Related Drug Atlas
Molecule Type:
DTT
DTP
DME
DOT
Drug Status:
Approved Drug(s)
Clinical Trial Drug(s)
Discontinued Drug(s)
Investigative Drug(s)
Patented Agent(s)
Download the Complete Related Drug List
Drug(s) Targeting Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRM)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Tiotropium DMFDC0Q Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 Approved [17]
Darifenacin DMWXLYZ Overactive bladder GC50.0 Approved [18]
Methylscopolamine DM5VWOB Peptic ulcer DA61 Approved [19]
Clidinium DMUMQZ0 Abdominal stomach pain DD91.4 Approved [20]
Oxybutynin hydrochloride DMF2KLU Urinary incontinence MF50.2 Approved [21]
Incruse Ellipta DM32GSJ Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 Approved [22]
Revefenacin DMMP5SI Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 Approved [23]
Scopolamine DMOM8AL Addictive disorder 6C50-6C5Z Approved [24]
Isopropamide iodide DMQYV60 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [25]
SUN-101 DMXNZQK Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CA22 Phase 3 [26]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Transported By Organic cation transporter 3 (SLC22A3)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Propranolol DM79NTF Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [27]
Ergotidine DM78IME Osteoarthritis FA00-FA05 Approved [28]
Metformin DM89QE1 Colorectal carcinoma Approved [29]
Clonidine DM6RZ9Q Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 6A05.Z Approved [27]
Entecavir DM7VTQO Hepatitis B virus infection 1E51.0 Approved [30]
Epinephrine DM3KJBC Acute asthma CA23 Approved [28]
Norepinephrine DMOUC09 Alopecia ED70 Approved [28]
Amphetamine DMSZQAK Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 6A05.Z Approved [31]
Sodium chloride DMM3950 Skin burns ME65.0 Approved [32]
Etilefrine DM67PWD Cardiovascular disease BA00-BE2Z Withdrawn from market [33]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Transported By Organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Dinoprostone DMTYOPD Medical abortion JA00.1Z Approved [34]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [35]
Imatinib DM7RJXL Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [36]
Oxaliplatin DMQNWRD Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [37]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [38]
Verapamil DMA7PEW Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [39]
Sorafenib DMS8IFC Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [40]
Quinine DMSWYF5 Malaria 1F40-1F45 Approved [41]
Dopamine DMPGUCF Acromegaly 5A60.0 Approved [42]
Propranolol DM79NTF Angina pectoris BA40 Approved [27]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Transported By Choline transporter-like protein 4 (SLC44A4)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Vitamin B1 DMZ1WXJ Vitamin B1 deficiency 5B5A Approved [43]
CHOLINE DM5D9YK Insomnia 7A00-7A0Z Investigative [44]
Drug(s) Metabolized By Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Heroin diacetylmorphine DMDBWHY Neurological disorder 6B60 Approved [45]
Imipramine DM2NUH3 Depression 6A70-6A7Z Approved [46]
Colchicine DM2POTE Acute gout flare FA25.0 Approved [47]
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [48]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [49]
L-Glutamic Acid DM4PUDW Schizophrenia 6A20 Approved [47]
Tacrine DM51FY6 Alzheimer disease 8A20 Approved [50]
Chlorpromazine DMBGZI3 Acute intermittent hepatic porphyria 5C58.11 Approved [51]
Neostigmine DM6T2J3 Myasthenia gravis 8C6Y Approved [52]
Testosterone DM7HUNW Hot flushes GA30 Approved [53]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Graft-versus-host disease 4B24 Approved [54]
⏷ Show the Full List of 11 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF2)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [55]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [56]
Troglitazone DM3VFPD Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [57]
Hydroquinone DM6AVR4 Melasma ED60.1 Approved [58]
Thalidomide DM70BU5 Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma Approved [59]
Ergotidine DM78IME Osteoarthritis FA00-FA05 Approved [60]
Testosterone DM7HUNW Hot flushes GA30 Approved [53]
Calcitriol DM8ZVJ7 Congenital alopecia LC30 Approved [61]
Docetaxel DMDI269 Advanced cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [62]
Zoledronate DMIXC7G Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [63]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 (CHRM2)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Methylscopolamine DM5VWOB Peptic ulcer DA61 Approved [64]
Gallamine Triethiodide DMPO0MS Stabilize muscle contraction FB3Z Approved [64]
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [65]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [66]
Omadacycline DMR2J95 Acute bacterial skin infection 1C41 Approved [67]
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [68]
Carbachol DMX9K8F Glaucoma/ocular hypertension 9C61 Approved [69]
Bardoxolone methyl DMODA2X Mixed connective tissue disease 4A43.3 Phase 3 [70]
Benzo(a)pyrene DMN7J43 N. A. N. A. Phase 1 [71]
PMID28460551-Compound-2 DM4DOUB N. A. N. A. Patented [72]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 (CHRM4)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
ALCURONIUM DM2U4XQ Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [73]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [74]
Atropine DMEN6X7 Organophosphate poisoning NE6Z Approved [73]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [75]
DTI-015 DMXZRW0 Brain cancer 2A00 Approved [76]
Methylscopolamine DM5VWOB Peptic ulcer DA61 Approved [69]
Carbachol DMX9K8F Glaucoma/ocular hypertension 9C61 Approved [69]
Benzo(a)pyrene DMN7J43 N. A. N. A. Phase 1 [71]
PMID28460551-Compound-2 DM4DOUB N. A. N. A. Patented [72]
brucine DM50RUD Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [73]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 (CHRM5)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [77]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [74]
Methylscopolamine DM5VWOB Peptic ulcer DA61 Approved [64]
Gallamine Triethiodide DMPO0MS Stabilize muscle contraction FB3Z Approved [64]
Benzo(a)pyrene DMN7J43 N. A. N. A. Phase 1 [71]
[3H]QNB DMC1WHR Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [78]
[3H]dimethyl-W84 DMBWAIE Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [64]
⏷ Show the Full List of 7 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (CHRM1)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Pirenzepine DMP6M1N Peptic ulcer DA61 Approved [79]
Gabapentin DM6T924 Complex partial seizure 8A68.0 Approved [80]
Marinol DM70IK5 Anorexia nervosa cachexia 6B80 Approved [81]
Atropine DMEN6X7 Organophosphate poisoning NE6Z Approved [82]
Clozapine DMFC71L Schizophrenia 6A20 Approved [83]
Olanzapine DMPFN6Y Bipolar depression Approved [84]
Gallamine Triethiodide DMPO0MS Stabilize muscle contraction FB3Z Approved [85]
Carbachol DMX9K8F Glaucoma/ocular hypertension 9C61 Approved [16]
Methylscopolamine DM5VWOB Peptic ulcer DA61 Approved [69]
Dihydrotestosterone DM3S8XC Prostate hyperplasia GA90 Phase 4 [86]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 (CHRM3)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Methylscopolamine DM5VWOB Peptic ulcer DA61 Approved [69]
Carbachol DMX9K8F Glaucoma/ocular hypertension 9C61 Approved [87]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [66]
Panobinostat DM58WKG Chronic graft versus host disease Approved [88]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [89]
Testosterone DM7HUNW Hot flushes GA30 Approved [90]
Calcitriol DM8ZVJ7 Congenital alopecia LC30 Approved [90]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [91]
Atropine DMEN6X7 Organophosphate poisoning NE6Z Approved [82]
Arsenic DMTL2Y1 N. A. N. A. Approved [92]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 (CHRNA7)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [93]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [74]
Cisplatin DMRHGI9 Adenocarcinoma 2D40 Approved [75]
Acetaminophen DMUIE76 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [94]
Doxorubicin DMVP5YE Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [68]
Nicotine DMWX5CO Lung cancer 2C25.0 Approved [95]
Carbachol DMX9K8F Glaucoma/ocular hypertension 9C61 Approved [96]
Cotinine DMCEZ1B Insecticide N.A. Approved [97]
Urethane DM7NSI0 N. A. N. A. Phase 4 [98]
GTS-21 DMEN5KA Parkinson disease 8A00.0 Phase 2 [97]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL1RN)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Methotrexate DM2TEOL Anterior urethra cancer Approved [99]
Rofecoxib DM3P5DA Osteoarthritis FA00-FA05 Approved [100]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [101]
Methylprednisolone DM4BDON Acute adrenal insufficiency Approved [99]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [102]
Hydroquinone DM6AVR4 Melasma ED60.1 Approved [58]
Ibuprofen DM8VCBE Dysmenorrhea GA34.3 Approved [103]
Calcitriol DM8ZVJ7 Congenital alopecia LC30 Approved [104]
Leflunomide DMR8ONJ Arthritis FA20 Approved [105]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Graft-versus-host disease 4B24 Approved [106]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit (GCLM)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [107]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [77]
Clavulanate DM2FGRT Bacteremia 1A73 Approved [108]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [109]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [110]
Isotretinoin DM4QTBN Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [111]
Acetic Acid, Glacial DM4SJ5Y infection in the ear canal AA0Y Approved [112]
Isoniazid DM5JVS3 Latent tuberculosis infection Approved [113]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [114]
Hydroquinone DM6AVR4 Melasma ED60.1 Approved [115]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Secreted Ly-6/uPAR-related protein 1 (SLURP1)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [74]
Benzo(a)pyrene DMN7J43 N. A. N. A. Phase 1 [71]
Drug(s) Affected By Interleukin-5 (IL5)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Nitric Oxide DM1RBYG Hypertension BA00-BA04 Approved [116]
Tolnaftate DM28MU7 Dermatophytosis 1F28.2 Approved [117]
Ribavirin DMEYLH9 Hepatitis C virus infection 1E51.1 Approved [118]
Prednisone DM2HG4X Acute asthma CA23 Approved [119]
Troglitazone DM3VFPD Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [120]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [121]
Glucosamine DM4ZLFD Osteoarthritis FA00-FA05 Approved [122]
Marinol DM70IK5 Anorexia nervosa cachexia 6B80 Approved [123]
Ciclosporin DMAZJFX Graft-versus-host disease 4B24 Approved [124]
Lindane DMB8CNL Infestations of lice and scabies 1G00.Z Approved [125]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cannabidiol DM0659E Dravet syndrome 8A61.11 Approved [107]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [126]
Methimazole DM25FL8 Hyperthyroidism 5A02 Approved [127]
Clavulanate DM2FGRT Bacteremia 1A73 Approved [108]
Sulindac DM2QHZU Acute myelogenous leukaemia 2A41 Approved [128]
Quercetin DM3NC4M Obesity 5B81 Approved [129]
Troglitazone DM3VFPD Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [130]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [110]
Acetic Acid, Glacial DM4SJ5Y infection in the ear canal AA0Y Approved [131]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [132]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha (IL5RA)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [133]
Isoproterenol DMK7MEY Atrioventricular block Approved [13]
phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate DMJWD62 Acute myeloid leukaemia 2A60 Phase 2 [134]
Benzo(a)pyrene DMN7J43 N. A. N. A. Phase 1 [71]
bisphenol A DM2ZLD7 Discovery agent N.A. Investigative [135]
Drug(s) Affected By Cholinesterase (BCHE)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Cocaine DMSOX7I Anaesthesia 9A78.6 Approved [136]
Tacrine DM51FY6 Alzheimer disease 8A20 Approved [137]
Galantamine DMEO794 Alzheimer disease 8A20 Approved [138]
Rivastigmine DMG629M Alzheimer disease 8A20 Approved [139]
Donepezil DMIYG7Z Advanced cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [80]
Succinylcholine DM2ET1M Plasma cell myeloma 2A83.1 Approved [140]
Ethopropazine DM0N3L7 Parkinson disease 8A00.0 Approved [137]
Dimenhydrinate DM264B3 Meniere disease AB31.0 Approved [141]
Cyclophosphamide DM4O2Z7 Advanced cancer 2A00-2F9Z Approved [142]
Chlorpheniramine DM5URA2 Allergic rhinitis CA08.0 Approved [141]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Paclitaxel DMLB81S Breast carcinoma Approved [80]
Fulvestrant DM0YZC6 Breast cancer 2C60-2C65 Approved [143]
Hydrogen peroxide DM1NG5W Infectious disease 1A00-CA43.1 Approved [144]
Troglitazone DM3VFPD Diabetic complication 5A2Y Approved [145]
Tretinoin DM49DUI Acne vulgaris ED80 Approved [146]
Zidovudine DM4KI7O Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [147]
Arsenic trioxide DM61TA4 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 2A85 Approved [102]
Nevirapine DM6HX9B Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [148]
Marinol DM70IK5 Anorexia nervosa cachexia 6B80 Approved [149]
Efavirenz DMC0GSJ Human immunodeficiency virus infection 1C62 Approved [148]
⏷ Show the Full List of 10 Drug(s)
Drug(s) Affected By Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2 (CHRNA2)
Drug Name Drug ID Indication ICD 11 Highest Status REF
Testosterone DM7HUNW Hot flushes GA30 Approved [90]
Calcitriol DM8ZVJ7 Congenital alopecia LC30 Approved [90]
Valproate DMCFE9I Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [74]
Nicotine DMWX5CO Lung cancer 2C25.0 Approved [150]
Carbamazepine DMZOLBI Epilepsy 8A60-8A68 Approved [150]
Benzo(a)pyrene DMN7J43 N. A. N. A. Phase 1 [71]
⏷ Show the Full List of 6 Drug(s)

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas
Download the Complete Interaction Atlas for Visualization in Cytoscape

Drug Therapeutic Target (DTT)
DTT Name DTT ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRM) TTOXS3C NOUNIPROTAC Agonist [2]

Drug Transporter (DTP)
DTP Name DTP ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Choline transporter-like protein 4 (SLC44A4) DT8KXR9 CTL4_HUMAN Substrate [3]
Vesicular acetylcholine transporter (SLC18A3) DT3T2K0 VACHT_HUMAN Substrate [4]
Organic cation transporter 3 (SLC22A3) DT6201N S22A3_HUMAN Substrate [5]
Organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1) DTT79CX S22A1_HUMAN Substrate [6]

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme (DME)
DME Name DME ID UniProt ID MOA REF
Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) Main DME DEQ2BAJ ACES_HUMAN Substrate [7]

Drug Off-Target (DOT)
DOT Name DOT ID UniProt ID Interaction REF
Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) OT2H8HG6 ACES_HUMAN Biotransformations [8]
Cholinesterase (BCHE) OTOH3WQ9 CHLE_HUMAN Regulation of Drug Effects [9]
Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) OTESDI4D GSH1_HUMAN Drug Response [10]
Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit (GCLM) OT6CP234 GSH0_HUMAN Drug Response [11]
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF2) OT1M7D28 CSF2_HUMAN Protein Interaction/Cellular Processes [12]
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL1RN) OT308CBE IL1RA_HUMAN Drug Response [13]
Interleukin-5 (IL5) OTAFPSCO IL5_HUMAN Drug Response [14]
Interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha (IL5RA) OTMSLUG9 IL5RA_HUMAN Drug Response [14]
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) OTTW0267 LIPL_HUMAN Drug Response [15]
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (CHRM1) OTKW3E6B ACM1_HUMAN Gene/Protein Processing [16]

References

1 URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 294).
2 Thiochrome enhances acetylcholine affinity at muscarinic M4 receptors: receptor subtype selectivity via cooperativity rather than affinity. Mol Pharmacol. 2004 Jan;65(1):257-66.
3 Choline transporter-like protein 4 (CTL4) links to non-neuronal acetylcholine synthesis. J Neurochem. 2013 Aug;126(4):451-61.
4 SLC18: Vesicular neurotransmitter transporters for monoamines and acetylcholine. Mol Aspects Med. 2013 Apr-Jun;34(2-3):360-72.
5 Organic cation transporters: physiology, toxicology and special focus on ethidium as a novel substrate. Curr Drug Metab. 2009 Jul;10(6):617-31.
6 Role of acetylcholine and polyspecific cation transporters in serotonin-induced bronchoconstriction in the mouse. Respir Res. 2006 Apr 12;7:65.
7 How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6.
8 Monitoring the reaction of carbachol with acetylcholinesterase by thioflavin T fluorescence and acetylthiocholine hydrolysis. Chem Biol Interact. 2008 Sep 25;175(1-3):235-41. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.06.002. Epub 2008 Jun 17.
9 Interaction between CYP19 aromatase and butyrylcholinesterase genes increases Alzheimer's disease risk. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2005;20(2-3):153-7. doi: 10.1159/000087065. Epub 2005 Jul 13.
10 Association of polymorphism in glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit gene with coronary vasomotor dysfunction and myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003 Feb 19;41(4):539-45. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(02)02866-8.
11 Polymorphism in glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit gene is associated with impairment of nitric oxide-mediated coronary vasomotor function. Circulation. 2003 Sep 23;108(12):1425-7. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000091255.63645.98. Epub 2003 Sep 15.
12 Acetylcholine and nicotine stimulate the release of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor from cultured human bronchial epithelial cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1998 Apr;357(4):472-5. doi: 10.1007/pl00005195.
13 Autocrine interaction between IL-5 and IL-1beta mediates altered responsiveness of atopic asthmatic sensitized airway smooth muscle. J Clin Invest. 1999 Sep;104(5):657-67. doi: 10.1172/JCI7137.
14 The IL-5 receptor on human bronchus selectively primes for hyperresponsiveness. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002 Mar;109(3):404-9. doi: 10.1067/mai.2002.122459.
15 Tissue-specific expression of human lipoprotein lipase in the vascular system affects vascular reactivity in transgenic mice. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Jan;135(1):143-54. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704440.
16 Regional differences in functional receptor distribution and calcium mobilization in the intact human lens. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001 Sep;42(10):2355-63.
17 Pharmacological characterization of GSK573719 (umeclidinium): a novel, long-acting, inhaled antagonist of the muscarinic cholinergic receptors for treatment of pulmonary diseases. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2013 May;345(2):260-70.
18 Characterisation of [3H]-darifenacin as a novel radioligand for the study of muscarinic M3 receptors. J Recept Signal Transduct Res. 1997 Jan-May;17(1-3):177-84.
19 Lithocholylcholine, a bile acid/acetylcholine hybrid, is a muscarinic receptor antagonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Oct;303(1):29-35.
20 Pharmacological comparison of the cloned human and rat M2 muscarinic receptor genes expressed in the murine fibroblast (B82) cell line. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Feb;284(2):500-7.
21 Effects of propiverine hydrochloride (propiverine) on the muscarinic receptor binding affinity in guinea pig tissues and on salivation in conscious dogs. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 1999 Mar;113(3):157-66.
22 Clinical pipeline report, company report or official report of GlaxoSmithKline.
23 2018 FDA drug approvals.Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2019 Feb;18(2):85-89.
24 The amygdala modulates morphine-induced state-dependent memory retrieval via muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Neuroscience. 2009 May 5;160(2):255-63.
25 Competitive and non-competitive antagonism exhibited by 'selective' antagonists at atrial and ileal muscarinic receptor subtypes. Br J Pharmacol. 1987 Apr;90(4):701-7.
26 Long-acting bronchodilators in COPD: Where are we now and where are we going Breathe 06/2014; 10(2):110-120.
27 Influx Transport of Cationic Drug at the Blood-Retinal Barrier: Impact on the Retinal Delivery of Neuroprotectants. Biol Pharm Bull. 2017;40(8):1139-1145.
28 Differential pharmacological in vitro properties of organic cation transporters and regional distribution in rat brain. Neuropharmacology. 2006 Jun;50(8):941-52.
29 Expression of organic cation transporters OCT1 (SLC22A1) and OCT3 (SLC22A3) is affected by genetic factors and cholestasis in human liver. Hepatology. 2009 Oct;50(4):1227-40.
30 Multiple SLC and ABC Transporters Contribute to the Placental Transfer of Entecavir. Drug Metab Dispos. 2017 Mar;45(3):269-278.
31 Interaction of organic cation transporter 3 (SLC22A3) and amphetamine. J Neurochem. 2010 Jul;114(1):142-9.
32 Organic cation transporter 3 (Slc22a3) is implicated in salt-intake regulation. J Neurosci. 2004 Mar 17;24(11):2846-51.
33 Drug specificity and intestinal membrane localization of human organic cation transporters (OCT). Biochem Pharmacol. 2005 Dec 5;70(12):1851-60.
34 Are organic cation transporters capable of transporting prostaglandins? Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2005 Aug;372(2):125-30.
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