Details of the Drug Combination

General Information of Drug Combination (ID: DC0IC7N)

• Drug Combination Name: Goserelin + Letrozole
• Indication: Advanced Metastatic Breast Cancer; Status: Phase 3 [1]
• Component Drugs:
  Goserelin (DMAT8CG): Small molecular drug
  Letrozole (DMH07Y3): Small molecular drug

Molecular Interaction Atlas of This Drug Combination

Indication(s) of Goserelin

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[2]
Estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer	N.A.	Approved	[3]
Endometriosis	GA10	Investigative	[3]
Male breast carcinoma	N.A.	Investigative	[3]

Goserelin Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Leutinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (GNRH1)	TT0ID4A	GON1_HUMAN	Activator	[6]

Goserelin Interacts with 6 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Follitropin subunit beta (FSHB)	OTGLS283	FSHB_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[7]
Estrogen receptor (ESR1)	OTKLU61J	ESR1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[8]
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53)	OTIE1VH3	P53_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[8]
Progesterone receptor (PGR)	OT0FZ3QE	PRGR_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[8]
Prostate-specific antigen (KLK3)	OTFGSBFJ	KLK3_HUMAN	Decreases Secretion	[9]
Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2)	OT9DVHC0	BCL2_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[8]

Indication(s) of Letrozole

Disease Entry	ICD 11	Status	REF
Estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer	N.A.	Approved	[4]
Hormonally-responsive breast cancer	2C60-2C65	Approved	[5]

Letrozole Interacts with 1 DTT Molecule(s)

DTT Name	DTT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Aromatase (CYP19A1)	TTSZLWK	CP19A_HUMAN	Inhibitor	[10]

Letrozole Interacts with 3 DME Molecule(s)

DME Name	DME ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	DE4LYSA	CP3A4_HUMAN	Metabolism	[11]
Aromatase (CYP19A1)	DEQX145	CP19A_HUMAN	Metabolism	[12]
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6)	DEJVYAZ	CP2A6_HUMAN	Metabolism	[13]

Letrozole Interacts with 18 DOT Molecule(s)

DOT Name	DOT ID	UniProt ID	Mode of Action	REF
Aromatase (CYP19A1)	OTZ6XF74	CP19A_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[14]
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)	OTQGYY83	CP3A4_HUMAN	Increases Oxidation	[15]
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6)	OT52TWG3	CP2A6_HUMAN	Increases Oxidation	[15]
Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 (AK1)	OT614AR3	KAD1_HUMAN	Increases ADR	[16]
Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1)	OTRDLUSP	DKK1_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[17]
Follitropin subunit beta (FSHB)	OTGLS283	FSHB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[18]
Lutropin subunit beta (LHB)	OT5GBOVJ	LSHB_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[18]
Progesterone receptor (PGR)	OT0FZ3QE	PRGR_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)	OTO46S5S	LIF_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[17]
Gap junction alpha-1 protein (GJA1)	OTT94MKL	CXA1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[20]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (CCND1)	OT8HPTKJ	CCND1_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[21]
G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 (CCND2)	OTDULQF9	CCND2_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[21]
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN1A)	OTQWHCZE	CDN1A_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[22]
Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR)	OT36W9O5	LIFR_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[17]
Proliferation marker protein Ki-67 (MKI67)	OTA8N1QI	KI67_HUMAN	Decreases Expression	[19]
Small ribosomal subunit protein eS6 (RPS6)	OTT4D1LN	RS6_HUMAN	Decreases Phosphorylation	[21]
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase (CYP51A1)	OTAYHG9C	CP51A_HUMAN	Decreases Activity	[23]
Fibroblast growth factor 22 (FGF22)	OTVIX6J0	FGF22_HUMAN	Increases Expression	[17]

Test Results of This Drug Combination in Other Disease Systems

Indication	DrugCom ID	Cell Line	Status	REF
Estrogen Receptor-positive Breast Cancer	DCCJUSF	N. A.	Phase 2	[24]
Invasive Lobular Breast Carcinoma	DCLZPT8	N. A.	Phase 2	[25]
Metastatic Breast Cancer	DCN5B53	N. A.	Phase 2	[26]

References

• [1] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03096847) Study for Women and Men With Hormone-receptor Positive Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer
• [2] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 3879).
• [3] Goserelin FDA Label
• [4] Letrozole FDA Label
• [5] URL: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org Nucleic Acids Res. 2015 Oct 12. pii: gkv1037. The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands. (Ligand id: 5209).
• [6] Long-term effectiveness of adjuvant goserelin in premenopausal women with early breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009 Mar 4;101(5):341-9.
• [7] [Kuntai capsule combined with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist in treatment of moderate-severe endometriosis: a clinical observation]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2014 Nov;34(11):1288-91.
• [8] A comparative study of the effect of raloxifene and gosereline on uterine leiomyoma volume changes and estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, bcl-2 and p53 expression immunohistochemically in premenopausal women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2007 Nov;135(1):94-103. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2006.07.042. Epub 2006 Sep 14.
• [9] Prostate specific antigen expression does not necessarily correlate with prostate cancer cell growth. J Urol. 2006 Jul;176(1):354-60. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5347(06)00516-7.
• [10] Aromatase inhibitors--theoretical concept and present experiences in the treatment of endometriosis. Zentralbl Gynakol. 2003 Jul-Aug;125(7-8):247-51.
• [11] Inhibition of drug metabolizing cytochrome P450s by the aromatase inhibitor drug letrozole and its major oxidative metabolite 4,4'-methanol-bisbenzonitrile in vitro. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009 Oct;64(5):867-75.
• [12] Double-blind, randomised, multicentre endocrine trial comparing two letrozole doses, in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Eur J Cancer. 1999 Feb;35(2):208-13.
• [13] Letrozole concentration is associated with CYP2A6 variation but not with arthralgia in patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018 Nov;172(2):371-379.
• [14] Aromatase inhibition: translation into a successful therapeutic approach. Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Apr 15;11(8):2809-21. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-2187.
• [15] Deactivation of anti-cancer drug letrozole to a carbinol metabolite by polymorphic cytochrome P450 2A6 in human liver microsomes. Xenobiotica. 2009 Nov;39(11):795-802. doi: 10.3109/00498250903171395.
• [16] ADReCS-Target: target profiles for aiding drug safety research and application. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D911-D917. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx899.
• [17] Clomiphene citrate versus letrozole: molecular analysis of the endometrium in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2011 Oct;96(4):1051-6. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.07.1092.
• [18] Aromatase inhibition, testosterone, and seizures. Epilepsy Behav. 2004 Apr;5(2):260-3. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.12.001.
• [19] Aromatase inhibitors: cellular and molecular effects. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2005 May;95(1-5):83-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.04.010.
• [20] Inhibition of estrogen receptor reduces connexin 43 expression in breast cancers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2018 Jan 1;338:182-190. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.11.020. Epub 2017 Nov 24.
• [21] Dual inhibition of mTOR and estrogen receptor signaling in vitro induces cell death in models of breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Jul 15;11(14):5319-28. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-2402.
• [22] Synergistic activity of letrozole and sorafenib on breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010 Nov;124(1):79-88. doi: 10.1007/s10549-009-0714-5. Epub 2010 Jan 7.
• [23] Comparison of lanosterol-14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51) of human and Candida albicans for inhibition by different antifungal azoles. Toxicology. 2006 Nov 10;228(1):24-32. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.08.007. Epub 2006 Aug 12.
• [24] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01368263) Goserelin and Letrozole or Anastrozole in Premenopausal Patients With Stage II-III Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer
• [25] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04551495) Neoadjuvant Study of Targeting ROS1 in Combination With Endocrine Therapy in Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast (ROSALINE)
• [26] ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02313051) Everolimus trIal for Advanced prememopausaL Breast Cancer Patients